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Abstract

The purpose of the article is to verify a hypothesis about the asymmetric pass-through of crude oil prices to the selling prices of refinery products (unleaded 95 petrol and diesel oil). The distribution chain is considered at three levels: the European wholesale market, the domestic wholesale market and the domestic retail market. The error correction model with threshold cointegration proved to be an appropriate tool for making an empirical analysis based on the Polish data. As found, price transmission asymmetry in the fuel market is significant and its scale varies depending on the level of distribution. The only exception is the wholesale price transmission to the domestic refinery price. All conclusions are supported by the cumulative response functions. The analysis sheds new light on the price-setting processes in an imperfectly competitive fuel market of a medium-sized, non-oil producing European country in transition.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Leszkiewicz-Kędzior
Aleksander Welfe
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Abstract

Empathy and psychopathy seem to be two distant extremes, which only differ, with nothing similar. Therefore, the question that seems to be surprising is whether such a theoretical perspective is justified. Empathy exerts significant influence on social relationships and is associated with moral development, whereas psychopathy seems to be an opposite phenomenon, as it is associated with the lack of deep interpersonal bonds and the violation of legal norms. As studies from various disciplines and scientific areas indicate, such concepts as behavioral effectiveness, morality or altruism might help explain the complex nature of the interrelationship between psychopathy and empathy. The authors tried to explore and describe the complexity of the two presented concepts in the light of the conducted research, and the resulting theoretical and empirical implications.

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Beata Pastwa-Wojciechowska
Maria Kaźmierczak
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Abstract

Aktuell werden Vakuumverfahren bei der Erzeugung von Sauerstoffreien Kupfer eingesetzt, das ais Ausgangsmaterial in der Elektronik und Elektrotechnik dient. In der Kupfervakuumraffination eine grundlegende Bedeutung hat die Entfemung von Blei. Intensitat der Verunreinigungsentfernung erlaubt eine Anwendung von anderen Einsatzmaterialen ais Kathodenkupfer for die Erzeugung von Kupfer hoher Reinheit. Das Kupfervakuurnraffintionsverfahren beruht auf der Verdampfung der fluchtigen Komponente des flussigen Metalls und ist hauptsachlich durch den Massentransport in der Gas-und in der flussigen Phase determiniert. Die Temperatur und die Druckanderungen in dem Messystem sowie die hydrodynamischen Bedingungen konnen bedeutend die kinetische Kontrole des Prozesses beeinflussen. Ausser dem, die chemische Zusamrnensetzung der Legierung, besonders Anwesenheit oberflachenaktiver Substanzen, kann die Kontrole des Verdampfungsprozesses andern. Feststellung, welcher von diesen Faktoren den grossten Einfluss auf die Verdampfungskinetik hat, verlangt eine Bestimmung der Art der Prozesskontrole mit Faktoren die die Kontrole beeinflussen. Alle Voraussetzungen die die kinetische Kontrole des Verdampfungsprozesses betreffen, fordem genaue Untersuchungen.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Blacha

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