In the article, mathematical modeling methods are used to study the main trends and macroeconomic determinants of the electric car market development in 2011–2018 on the example of the US. The determinants include economic (GDP), socio-economic (household income), energy (electricity use), and environmental (СО2 emissions) factors. The authors justify the role of electric transport in strengthening national energy security due to the transition to renewable energy technologies and the reduction of fossil fuel use. Based on the constructed linear regression equations, a weak relationship has been revealed between the number of electric vehicles sold and the environmental factor, which can be explained by the small share of electric cars in the US market. The formed multifactor linear model showed a positive impact of both the country’s GDP growth and electricity consumption increase on the number of electric vehicles sold. However, the rise in household incomes negatively influences market development due to insufficient consumer awareness of the electric transport operation benefits, an underdeveloped network of electric vehicle charging stations, etc. Based on the obtained multifactor model, the authors have built optimistic, optimal and pessimistic scenarios for the US electric vehicle market deployment for the next five years. In order to implement the most favorable scenarios, recommendations for market development factors’ management have been made. The results of the study can be used to improve public policy in the US transport and energy sectors, as well as in other countries to optimize the fuel and energy balance, strengthen the energy independence of states by developing clean transport and adapting the model to national specifics.
The determination of the content of ecotoxic elements directly in flue gas is important for determining its actual emission from coal combustion. Moreover, in the BAT for large combustion plants conclusions adopted in 2017, apart from tightening of pollutants emission standards, i.e. SO 2, NO x and dusts, and setting emission limits, among others, for mercury, the monitoring of the actual emission of toxic elements has been established with the use of specific analytical methods. The review and comparison of available methods of analyzing the content of elements in flue gases in accordance with American and European standards has been presented in the article. Moreover, the factors influencing the quality of the obtained measurement results were identified.
Various experiences related to research work, including the less successful ones, are all part of the research process. Awareness of their existence allows to draw conclusions from one’s mistakes and a more responsibly design of a research. This article aims to understand the traps a researcher, exploring intellectual disability, may fall into. As a result of search and reflection, three kinds of traps can be listed: resistance — submission, norm — pathology, correctness — negligence.
The European Commission Green Paper, among other documents, describes the ongoing integration of the EU maritime policy with respect to financing and finance management. Both the Programme to support the further development of an Integrated Maritime Policy and the European Fisheries Fund are to remain operative until at least the end of 2013. The Commission, however, has proposed to merge those instruments into European Maritime and Fisheries Fund. The article provides description of the integration process and allows for an assessment of its progress.
The paper analyzes the impact of potential changes in the price relation between domestic and imported coal and its influence on the volume of coal imported to Poland. The study is carried out with the application of a computable model of the Polish energy system. The model reflects fundamental relations between coal suppliers (domestic coal mines, importers) and key coal consumers (power plants, combined heat and power plants, heat plants, industrial power plants). The model is run under thirteen scenarios, differentiated by the ratio of the imported coal price versus the domestic coal price for 2020–2030. The results of the scenario in which the prices of imported and domestic coal, expressed in PLN/GJ, are equal, indicate that the volume of supplies of imported coal is in the range of 8.3–11.5 million Mg (depending on the year). In the case of an increase in prices of imported coal with respect to the domestic one, supplies of imported coal are at the level of 0.4–4.1 million Mg (depending on the year). With a decrease in the price of imported coal, there is a gradual increase in the supply of coal imports. For the scenario in which a 30% lower imported coal price is assumed, the level of imported coal almost doubles (180%), while the supply from domestic mines is reduced by around 28%, when compared to the levels observed in the reference scenario. The obtained results also allow for the development of an analysis of the range of coal imports depending on domestic versus imported coal price relations in the form of cartograms.
Overseas mining investment generally faces considerable risk due to a variety of complex risk factors. Therefore, indexes are often based on conditions of uncertainty and cannot be fully quantified. Guided by set pair analysis (SPA) theory, this study constructs a risk evaluation index system based on an analysis of the risk factors of overseas mining investment and determines the weights of factors using entropy weighting methods. In addition, this study constructs an identity-discrepancycontrary risk assessment model based on the 5-element connection number. Both the certainty and uncertainty of the various risks are treated uniformly in this model and it is possible to mathematically describe and quantitatively express complex system decisions to evaluate projects. Overseas mining investment risk and its changing trends are synthetically evaluated by calculating the adjacent connection number and analyzing the set pair potential. Using an actual overseas mining investment project as an example, the risk of overseas mining investment can be separated into five categories according to the risk field, and then the evaluation model is quantified and specific risk assessment results are obtained. Compared to the field investigation, the practicability and effectiveness of the evaluation method are illustrated. This new model combines static and dynamic factors and qualitative and quantitative information, which improves the reliability and accuracy of risk evaluation. Furthermore, this evaluation method can also be applied to other similar evaluations and has a certain scalability.
Artykuł prezentuje projekt badawczy oparty na procesie zbierania danych przy wykorzystaniu metody pamiętnikarskiej oraz indywidualnego studium przypadku. Projekt był skoncentrowany na eksploracji doświadczeń bezrobocia we współczesnej Polsce. Autorzy wskazują tradycje badań pamiętnikarskich w Polsce oraz podstawowe założenia konkursu i badań z lat 2017–2018. Autorzy dokonują przeglądu współczesnych badań nad problematyką bezrobocia i na tle dominujących perspektyw oraz ich ustaleń zarysowują nowy wymiar kwestii społecznej bezrobocia. Sięgając do treści pamiętników portretują wyłączenia z rynku pracy z powodu naruszeń godności pamiętnikarzy i niezgody na podejmowanie pracy poniżej kwalifikacji. Autorzy pamiętników powszechnie wskazują na doświadczaną w przeszłości eksploatację w miejscu pracy i jednoczesne aspirowanie do podejmowania pracy na miarę potrzeb, potencjału i przypisywanych sobie kompetencji. Autorzy wskazują szereg wymiarów doświadczeń bezrobocia przez młodych, wykształconych Polaków, odwołując się w tym względzie do „jakości” dostępnej pracy, doświadczeń w poszukiwaniu pracy, kontaktów z administracją pracy, problemów w zakresie zdrowia psychicznego czy kryzysów w relacjach.
This paper thoroughly examines the gender patterns of religious activity within the Vietnamese – the largest non-European migrant community in Poland. Basing on the result from anthropological field-work which I conducted in two pagodas currently operating in the suburbs of Warsaw I analyse this issue in the light of traditional gender patterns of religious life in Vietnam, as well as in the context of the politicisation of spiritual life under communist rule. The results of my research prove that whether a religious institution will become a ‘women’s sphere’ or will remain under the influence of male actors depends to a great extent on its political emplacement and relations with formal institutions of the Viet-namese state.
The physical phenomena occurring in sound-absorbing and insulating enclosures are subject of the present paper. These phenomena are: absorption in air and by the sound-absorbing material covering the walls and the coincidence effect. The absorption in the air can be neglected in small size enclosures for low ultrasonic frequencies (20-30 kHz). The coincidence plays a role in decrease of the sound insulation, however the main role play the leaks. The boards made of ceramic fibers have been chosen as the optimal sound-absorbing material. They are dense and have deeply porous structures. The enclosure for insulation of 20-kHz noise produced by a welding machine has been designed and manufactured, and reductions of 25 dB of peak and Leq levels have been achieved.
A practical method with high accuracy in generation and application of error values for calibration of current transformer test sets is described. A PC-controlled three-phase power source with a standard wattmeter is used for generating the nominal and error test currents while an electronically compensated current comparator is used to provide summation and subtraction of them, precisely. With this method, any ratio error and phase displacement values could be generated automatically and nominal and test currents could be grounded on the test set safely. Because of its high accurate ratio and phase error generating capability, any type of test set regardless of its operating principles could be calibrated.
Etyka cnót jest obecnie jedną z najważniejszych koncepcji etycznych. Jej głównym założeniem jest przekonanie, że dobre moralnie działanie może zagwarantować właściwie ukształtowany charakter moralnego sprawcy, na który składają się cnoty etyczne. W szczytowym momencie rozwoju etyka cnót została ostro skrytykowana przez sytuacjonistów – etyków zainspirowanych badaniami przeprowadzonymi w obrębie współczesnej psychologii społecznej (J.M. Doris, G. Harman, M.W. Merritt, P.B.M. Vranas). Jednym z efektów tej dyskusji jest powstanie deflacyjnych koncepcji cnoty, zarówno na gruncie sytuacjonizmu, jak i w obrębie samej etyki cnót. W moim artykule omawiam dwa deflacyjne ujęcia cnoty etycznej – jedno sformułowane przez sytuacjonistów i drugie przez etyka cnót – Roberta Adamsa, które sytuacjoniści uznali za pokrewne ich propozycji. Dokonuję krytyki porównawczej obu podejśći pokazuję ich trudności.
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