Turbulent boundary layer separation induced by positive pressure gradient at a plane surface is investigated experimentally. Separation is delayed by means of a jet vortex generator in a form of small jets injected to the boundary layer through orifices distributed across the main flow. The effect of jets intensity on delay of separation is examined. Swirled and non-swirled jets have been used. The energy of the air supplying the generator required to delay boundary layer separation is in the former case up to 40% lower than in the latter one.

W artykule omówiono metodę Konferencji Grupy Rodzinnej, która została wprowadzona na grunt polski przed dziesięciu laty przez J. Przepierskiego. Metoda przedstawiona jest w kontekście historycznym, jej założeń teoretycznych, szczególnych walorów praktycznych, uzasadniających zastosowanie w pracy z rodziną w sytuacji kryzysowej, oraz utrudnień, które stanowią przeszkodę w jej stosowaniu.

High resolution body surface potential maps and an equivalent current dipole model of the cardiac generator were used to assess the heart state in two abnormal conditions: WPW syndrome with single accessory pathway and local ventricular ischemia. Results of a simulation study and experimental verification of the method for both cardiologic abnormalities are presented. Single accessory pathway in WPW syndrome was simulated as initial ventricular activation at the atrio-ventricular ring. Using a current dipole model of the cardiac generator, the locus of arrhythmogenic tissue was assessed with a mean error of 11 mm. Experimental localization of the accessory pathway in a WPW patient was in good agreement with the invasively obtained site. Local repolarization changes were simulated as shortening of the myocytes action potentials in three regions typical for stenosis of main coronary arteries. Using surface QRST integral maps and dipolar source model, small subendocardial and subepicardial lesions of myocardium were inversely located with a mean error of 9 mm and larger transmural lesions with a considerable mean error of 17 mm. Extent and prevalence of subepicardial or subendocardial type of the lesion were reflected in the dipole moment and orientation. In experimental verification of the method, in 7 of 8 patients that underwent PCI of a single vessel, estimated equivalent current dipole position matched well the treated vessel. The results suggest that diagnostic interpretation of body surface potential maps based on dipolar source model could be a useful tool to assess local pathological changes in the heart.

The Pope John Paul II was recognized as a great master of a propagated word. Each of his homilies radiated faith and living affection, profound essence and considerable oratorical technique. He could fill a homily with a word of a personal profession of faith and testimony, he could give a speech using a creative and dialogical language and in the world becoming more and more secularized he could be a prophet, thus a witness of the Invisible God.