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Abstrakt

The aim of this article is to highlight the positive role that Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Walter Benjamin attribute to retranslation in their essays. Despite some differences in their way of understanding poetry, both authors claim that retranslating helps us recognize the “life” and the transformation of a poetical work behind its apparent fixity. Thus, according to them, the process of (re)translation sheds light on the way the meaning of a work unfolds.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marco Rispoli
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Università degli Studi di Padova

Abstrakt

The purpose of the research was to examine the influence of boron on the selected properties of low-alloy cast steels. The chemical compositions of the cast steels were designed especially for this study to contain different alloy elements. The first composition lacked significant alloying elements. The subsequent grades of cast steels had the addition of chrome, chrome with vanadium, and chrome with titanium. It was decided to investigate the influence of boron in the presence of such alloying additives on the temperature of phase transformations. On the basis of dilatometric curves, the characteristic temperatures of the phase transformations were determined. Additionally, to assess the influence of the cooling rate on the structure of cast steels, an analysis of their microstructure, after full annealing and quenching, was carried out.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

B. Białobrzeska
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Dziurka
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Vehicle Engineering, Smoluchowskiego Str. 25, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
  2. University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Sciences, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Abstrakt

Religia pełni dwie funkcje: społeczną (konsoliduje wyznawców) i osobistą (psychologiczną). W czasach nowożytnych funkcję społeczną religii przejęły ideologie. Taką ideologią był socjalizm. Twórcy marksizmu swą wersję socjalizmu nazwali socjalizmem naukowym, jednak ich wizja biegu historii („od kapitalizmu do komunizmu”) stała się fundamentem nowej religii i nowego kościoła. Autor nazywa je marksleninizmem. Tekst pokazuje podobieństwa Kościoła katolickiego oraz marksleninizmu (kościoła stalinowskiego), a także analogie pomiędzy zakonem jezuitów i „Len-partią” (czyli tzw. partią leninowskiego typu).

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jędrzej Stanisławek
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstrakt

Contemporary research on mobile robotics aims at designing robots that will be able to traverse an extremely varied environment. One of the most universal modes of locomotion is the serpentine movement. A majority of modern snake-like robots use electric drives. This study presents a snake-like robot made out of McKibben muscles. Using a pneumatic cable with muscles arranged in series, it is possible to create a robot of any length, limited only by the length of the muscle cables. Because the control system and the body of the robot are separate, the robot can be used for rescue missions involving high risk of explosion of flammable substances and for missions taking place on extremely difficult terrain.

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Bibliografia

[1] S. Hirose. Biologically Inspired Robots: Snake-Like Locomotors and Manipulators. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993.
[2] R.S. Desai, C.J. Rosenberg, and J.L. Jones. Kaa: An autonomous serpentine robot utilizes behavior control. In Proceedings of 1995 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS ’95, pages 250–255, Pittsburgh, USA, 5-9 August 1995, 1995. doi: 10.1109/IROS.1995.525891.
[3] S. Ma, Y. Ohmameuda, K. Inoue, and B. Li. Control of a 3-dimensional snakelike robot. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pages 2067–2072, Taipei, Taiwan, 14–19 September 2003. doi: 10.1109/ROBOT.2003.1241898.
[4] S. Ma, Y. Ohmameuda, and K. Inoue. Dynamic analysis of 3-dimensional snake robots. In Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages 767–772, Sendai, Japan, 28 Sept. – 2 Oct. 2004. doi: 10.1109/IROS.2004.1389445.
[5] Z. Zuo, Z. Wang, B. Li, and S. Ma. Serpentine locomotion of a snake-like robot in water environment. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, pages 25–30, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–26 February, 2009. doi: 10.1109/ROBIO.2009.4912974.
[6] A. Shapiro, A. Greenfield, and H. Choset. Frictional compliance model development and experiments for snake robot climbing. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pages 574–579, Rome, Italy, 10-14 April 2007. doi: 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363048.
[7] H. Yamada, S. Chigisaki, M. Mori, K. Takita, K. Ogami, and S. Hirose. Development of amphibious snake-like robot ACM-R5. In: Proceedings of 36th International Symposium on Robotics, Tokyo, Japan, 2005.
[8] C. Wright, A. Johnson, A. Peck, Z. McCord, A. Naaktgeboren, P. Gianfortoni, M. Gonzalez-Rivero, R. Hatton, and H. Choset. Design of a modular snake robot. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference of Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages 2609–2614, San Diego, USA, 29 Oct.-2 Nov. 2007. doi: 10.1109/IROS.2007.4399617.
[9] P. Liljebäck, K.Y. Pettersen, Ø. Stavdahl, and J.T. Gravdahl. A review on modelling, implementation, and control of snake robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 60(1):29–40, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.robot.2011.08.010.
[10] K.Y. Pettersen. Snake robots. Annual Reviews in Control, 44:19–44, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2017.09.006.
[11] J. Gao, X. Gao, W. Zhu, J. Zhu, and B. Wei. Design and research of a new structure rescue snake robot with all body drive system. In Proceedings of 2008 IEEE International Conference Mechatronics and Automation, pages 119–124, Takamatsu, Japan, 5–8 August, 2008. doi: 10.1109/ICMA.2008.4798737.
[12] G. Granosik, J. Borenstein, and M.G. Hansen. Serpentine Robots for Industrial Inspection and Surveillance. In K.-H. Low (ed.), Industrial Robotics: Programming, Simulation and Applications, Chapter 33, pages 633–662. Pro Literatur Verlag, Germany, ARS, Austria, 2006. doi: 10.5772/4921.
[13] P. Liljebäck, Ø. Stavdahl, and K.Y. Pettersen. Modular pneumatic snake robot: 3D modelling, implementation and control. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 38(1):19–24, 2005. doi: 10.3182/20050703-6-CZ-1902.01274.
[14] K. Koter, L. Fracczak, A. Wojtczak, B. Bryl-Nagorska, A. Mizejewski, and A. Sawicki. Static and dynamic properties investigation of new generation of Transversal Artificial Muscle. In Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), pages 711–716, Miedzyzdroje, Poland, 28–31 August 2017. doi: 10.1109/MMAR.2017.8046915.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Frącczak
1
Michał Olejniczak
1
Leszek Podsędkowski
1

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Machine Tools and Production Engineering, Lodz, Poland.

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