To investigate the performance of an irreversible direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell, the direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell based on oxygen ion conductivity was modeled using finite time thermodynamic theory. First, mathematical expressions for the output power, output efficiency, ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance of the direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell were derived. Further, the effects of parameters such as operating tempera-ture, operating pressure, fuel utilization, and electrolyte thickness on the performance of direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell were numerically investigated. The results show that as the operating temperature of direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell increases, the performance of direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell including output power, output effi-ciency, ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance will be improved. Under certain conditions, increasing fuel utilization can improve output power, output efficiency and ecological performance. Increasing the elec-trolyte thickness will decrease the finite time thermodynamic performance of direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell. Moreover, the microstructure of the electrode also affects the performance of direct ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell, and the ecological objective function is increased by 16.9% when the electrode porosity is increased from 0.4 to 0.8.

The article is devoted to more comprehensive use of medieval onymic resources in research on the history of the Polish language. These materials were used in research on the phonetic development of the Polish language in its earliest period. To date, they have rarely appeared in lexical studies. The body of the oldest appellatives, reconstructed on the basis of proper names, would be a kind of lexicon (supplement) enriching and verifying old Polish lexical material, certifi ed in historical Polish dictionaries (also in etymological dictionaries). In this way, the expectations formulated over 100 years ago by eminent Polish linguists may be fulfi lled. The complementary use of such a huge wealth of material opens up further research perspectives towards etymological, dialectological, lexical and morphological research.

The motion of submicron particles involves the deterministic terms resulting from the aerodynamic convection and/or electrostatic attraction, and the stochastic term from the thermal displacement of particles. The Langevin equation describes such behavior. The Brownian dynamics algorithm was used for integration of the Langevin equation for the calculation of the single fiber deposition efficiency. Additionally the deterministic and stochastic of the particle motion were derived, using the Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches of particle movement and balance, for the calculation of the single fiber deposition efficiency due to both mechanisms separately. Combination of the obtained results allows us for calculation of the coupling effect of inertia and interception with the Brownian diffusion in a form of correlation. The results of calculation show that the omitting of the coupling effect of particular mechanism and using the simple additive rule for determination of the single fiber deposition efficiency introduces significant error, especially for particles with diameter below 300 nm.

The first records from samples from the IceAGE cruise ME85/3 in 2011 include seven species of Caudofoveata with a distribution range in Icelandic waters. From this first cruise of the project, two new records for Iceland have been registered. Psilodens balduri sp. n. is new to science and Falcidens halanychi , with a known distribution in the American North−Atlantic, is new to Iceland. The current study thus increases the number of known caudofoveate species around Iceland to nine.