Based on the respective characteristics of line-commutated converter high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) and voltage-source converter high voltage direct cur- rent (VSC-HVDC), two additional emergency DC power support (EDCPS) controllers are designed, respectively. In addition a coordinated control strategy based on a hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system for EDCPS is proposed. Considering the difference in system recovery between LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC in EDCPS, according to the magnitude of the amount of potential power loss, the LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC priority issues of boosting power for EDCPS are discussed in detail. Finally, a hybrid three-infeed HVDC that consists of two parallel LCC-HVDCs and one VSC-HVDC that is built in PSCAD/EMTDC are simulated. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified based on this hybrid three-infeed HVDC system.
This paper discusses chronological position of Late Upper Paleolithic shouldered points in the eastern Adriatic and its hinterland. Shouldered points in this area are considered to be fossil directeur of Early Epigravettian. Using old and new data, and pointing to shortcomings in the literature, we aim to prove that shouldered points are not a reliable chronological indicator of Early Epigravettian in the eastern Adriatic because they can be found in a timespan of approximately 10 000 years.
The article provides the first comparative take on the issues surrounding the delivery of cargo without bill of lading in Polish legal literature. The author excludes Rotterdam Rules and domestic regulations of the subject as these call for further studies.
The author notes that bill of lading is recognized in legal systems all over the world as it remains the cornerstone of maritime trade, especially in the department of mass cargo transport. Divergences however do happen and they manifest themselves in several ways. The bill of lading may be substituted by avariety of waybills and shipping lists, as well as electronic negotiable instruments, the latter of which being already in use for years. None of these, however, seem to address the problem in every respect.
The author’s approach is rooted common law, the prevalent system in global maritime trade.
This article outlines the rise and development of popular science periodicals in Poland from the 18th century until 1939. Their history begins in 1758 with the publication of Nowe Wiadomości Ekonomiczne i Uczone [Latest Economic and Learned News]. Our corpus includes 128 periodicals representing a great diversity of formats and content.
The paper describes the design and multibody dynamic analysis of a mechanically interconnected suspension, as applied to a small off-road vehicle. Interconnected suspensions use some sort of connection between the axles of a vehicle in order improve ride quality or vehicle handling. In principle, the connection may be hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical, but for installation in a typical passenger car, a mechanical connection would likely be impractical due to weight and complexity. In this paper, the vehicle in question is the University of Windsor SAE Baja off-road competition vehicle, and novel mechanical design is proposed. A multibody dynamic analysis is performed on the proposed design using the EoM open source multibody software developed by theUniversity ofWindsorVehicle Dynamics and Control research group in order to assess any potential performance improvements.