The present paper describes the temporary language situation in Sweden. The country has a high rate of immigration and large minority groups have lived in Sweden for many hundreds of years. In order to reflect its cultural and language diversity Sweden has developed its own Language Law. This establishes Swedish as the main language in Sweden and declares five other languages to be national minority languages: Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Yiddish and Sami. Furthermore, the country’s language law protects and at the same time promotes Swedish Sign language. Swedish communes offer free Swedish courses for adult immigrants and immigrant children attend courses in Swedish as a Second Language both in primary and secondary school. Due to the multinational composition of Swedish suburbs a new variety of Swedish called rinkebysvenska has developed. This variety is characterized by many loan words from other languages, divergent pronunciation, morphology and syntax. Rinkebysvenska is used primarily by young immigrants living in Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö and has assumed the status not only of a Sociolect, but also of a special Swedish slang. The mobility of Swedish inhabitants within the country has led to a smoothing out of Swedish dialects so that differences can only be observed in pronunciation. On the other hand, there is a strong tendency to protect and develop Övdalian – one of the dialects that differs most from Swedish.

In contrast to the usual integration of migrant workers in the ‘bottom jobs’ on the labour market, the em-ployment of Ukrainian workers in Hungarian electronics plants seems to take place in a more beneficial way. With the active mediation of temporary (temp) agencies, Ukrainian migrant workers are offered regular blue-collar assembly work, together with the same social rights and benefits as their local Hungarian col-leagues. Relying, in our analysis, on the literature on industrial sociology, migration research and global value chains, we are developing a critical perspective in which migration and employment are not seen as separate spheres but as mutually reinforcing each other. We combine bottom-up empirical research based on interviews with workers and a sectoral inquiry on industrial and employment relations in the temp agency sector supplying multinational corporations. Our main argument is that complex contracting also means subtle controlling. Such contracting is not the cheapest form but it creates a different, efficient employment regime with dependent, controllable, flexibly available, ‘fluid’ employees. Employee respondents described their position as dependent, ‘out of control’ and a temporary earning opportunity. Devoid of clear mecha-nisms for controlling their work conditions or growth within the job, all respondents turned to a more instru-mental approach, in which they invested in building up social capital through friendships, networks and personal relationships. Obtaining Hungarian citizenship and learning the language were two other main strategies for dealing with insecurity. Their efforts correspond with and reinforce a more globally integrated but ethnically motivated immigration regime, characteristic of post-socialist Hungary.

Pre-Brexit media discourse in the UK focused extensively on the end of free movement, the governance of European mobility, and its relationship with state sovereignty. This article, methodologically anchored in Critical Discourse Analysis, discusses how the potential post-Brexit deportee, namely the ‘Vile Eastern Eu-ropean’, is depicted by the leading pro-Leave British press. The Vile Eastern European is juxtaposed with a minority of hard-working and tax-paying migrants from the continent, as well as with unjustly deported Windrush and Commonwealth migrants. As the newspapers explain, the UK has not been able to deport the Vile Eastern European because of the EU free movement rights. The press links the UK’s inability to remove the unwanted citizens of EU countries with its lack of sovereignty, suggesting that only new im-migration regulations will permit this deportation and make the UK sovereign again. The article con-cludes that the media discourse reproduces and co-produces the UK ideology of deportability that has been the basis for the EU Settlement Scheme and new immigration regulations.

Gospodarka Polski jest silnie powiązana z rynkami Europy, a w szczególności z Unią Europejską; prawie 90% polskiego eksportu towarów trafia do krajów europejskich, w tym około 80% do krajów UE. Są to rynki chłonne, stabilne i bezpieczne, a towary sprzedawane na Wspólnym Rynku są wolne od cła. Jednak wysoka koncentracja eksportu na tym rynku oznacza dużą zależność od umiarkowanej dynamiki popytu oraz wahań lokalnej koniunktury, a ponadto ogranicza korzyści, które można czerpać z obecności na rynkach wschodzących, obejmujących dynamicznie rozwijające się kraje o dużych gospodarkach. Artykuł zawiera ogólną charakterystykę tych rynków, ze wskazaniem ich potencjału gospodarczego i ludnościowego oraz miejsca w gospodarce światowej – obecnie i w przyszłości (według aktualnych danych i długookresowych prognoz). Dane o handlu zagranicznym Polski wskazują na bardzo niewielki udział krajów wschodzących w geograficznej strukturze polskiego eksportu. Autor opisuje szanse i zagrożenia związane z ekspansją eksportową na te rynki, podkreślając, że bilans potencjalnych korzyści i ryzyka jest wyraźnie korzystny, co powinno zachęcać polskie przedsiębiorstwa do większej aktywności w handlu i kooperacji z tymi krajami i regionami.

Na łamach „Gazety Wyborczej” w latach 1989–2019 zamieszczano artykuły przeglądowe, recenzje, reportaże, felietony i wzmianki, poświęcone rozmaitym aspektom życia kulturalnego w Czechach, szczególnie zaś współczesnej literaturze. Odnosiły się one zarówno do poszczególnych autorów, jak i miejsc oraz kwestii ideowych, powiązanych z literaturą czeską. Najwięcej pisano o twórczości tych autorów czeskich, którzy byli popularni i nagradzani, jak Hrabal, Kundera, Ota Pavel, Hašek, Havel, Čapek, Škvorecký. Popularyzowano także mniej znanych czeskich twórców literackich, jak Michal Viewegh, Irena Obermannova, Jachym Topol.