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Abstract

The suitability of several low-labor geostatistical procedures in the interpolation of highly positively skewed seismic data distributions was tested in the Baltic Basin. These procedures were a combination of various estimators of the model of spatial variation (theoretical variogram) and kriging techniques, together with the initial data transformation to normal distribution or lack thereof. This transformation consisted of logarithmization or normalization using the anamorphosis technique. Two variations of the theoretical variogram estimator were used: the commonly used classical Matheron estimator and the inverse covariance estimator (InvCov), which is robust with regard to non-ergodic data. It was expected that the latter would also be resistant to strongly skewed data distributions. The kriging techniques used included the commonly used ordinary kriging, simple kriging useful for standardized data and the non-linear median indicator kriging technique. It was confirmed that normalization (anamorphosis) is the most useful and less laborious geostatistical procedure of those suitable for such data, which results in a standardized normal distribution. The second, not obvious statement for highly skewed data distributions suggests that the non-ergodic inverted covariance (InvCov) estimator of variogram has an advantage over the Matheron’s estimator. It gives a better assessment of the C 0 (nugget effect) and C (sill) parameters of the spatial variability model. Such a conclusion can be drawn from the fact that the higher the estimation of the relative nugget effect L = C 0/(C 0 + C) using the InvCov estimator, the weaker the correlation between the kriging estimates and the observed values. The values of the coefficient L estimates obtained by using the Matheron’s estimator do not meet this expectation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Sowińska-Botor
1
Wojciech Mastej
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Maćkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The issues discussed in the study mainly relate to the costs presented by the structure of positions. This study, on the example of the KGHM Polska Miedź SA mining company (three mining plants), examines the position and cost calculation structure relating to technological works, cost settlement and receivables between branches and mining plants. Cost comparisons were also carried out from the perspective of the organizational structure. The cost centers, registration and settlement of costs in the accounting records, i.e. SAPR3 were highlighted. In the course of the examination, a comparative analysis was carried out aimed at determination of common features and differences between the cost of technological works by their function in the technical cost of manufacturing. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that in the years 2000–2017, the cost structure based on the position function underwent changes. The changes occurred as a result of organizational and technical and geological and mining conditions. The cost analysis allows to identify the directions of specialization of the entity in the future. The basic operating activity of the mines concentrates on extraction. Due to copper extraction in the concession areas, the analysis was to evaluate the costs incurred in the KGHM Polska Miedź SA mining plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Bajus

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