The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of biomaterial in the binder composition on the quality of reclaim from furan no-bake sands. The biomaterial is introduced into the moulding sand in order to accelerate the biodegradation of post-regeneration dust and thus to reduce the amount of harmful waste from foundries in landfills. This addition, however, can’t deteriorate the technological properties of the moulding sand, including its ability to mechanical regeneration. Chemically bonded moulding sands are characterized by high ability to mechanical regeneration, which reduces the consumption of the raw material and costs related to their transport and storage. A side effect of the regeneration process is the formation of a large amount of post-regeneration dusts. According to the tendencies observed in recent years, moulding processes must meet high requirements connected to environmental protection including problems related to the disposal of generated wastes. A partial replacement of synthetic binding materials with biomaterials may be one of scientific research directions on the production of innovative foundry moulding and core sands. The conducted regeneration tests presented in this paper initially proved that biomaterial slightly decreases the quality of reclaim from moulding sand with its addition. However, its ability to regeneration increases with time of the process. In previous research authors tested biodegradability of the dust remaining after the regeneration process. The tests proved that moulding sand with biomaterial added at the stage of the production process is characterized by about three times better biodegradability than the same moulding sand without additive.

The paper presents a method of how the nonlinear boundary condition [1] may be applied in nonlinear problems of electromagnetic field theory. It is introduced for problems with nonlinear conductivity. An analytical procedure has been constructed, which seeks to reduce calculations related with the nonlinear region. In order to verify the proposed solutions, two problems have been formulated: one of linear and the other of cylindrical symmetry. These have been additionally solved by the authors’ modification of the perturbation method that has been described in previous papers [7, 8, 10]. The electromagnetic field distribution obtained thereby has served as a referential result since it can obtain very accurate solutions [10]. Relative errors of electric and magnetic field strength are introduced to verify the results.

The ceremonial entry of Sigismund III into Krakow on 9 December 1587 was an important event in the international arena, but it was particularly important for the urban community of Cracow, who greatly supported his candidacy as the king of Poland. For the capital city, which organised and incurred the costs of the ceremony, the arrival of the newly elected ruler meant a happy ending to the siege and the related war effort. The most detailed description of the entry, and the only illustrated one, which was most likely prepared in advance, is preserved in a printed festival book called Sigismundi tertii Cracoviam ingressus. It shows the topographic and administrative scenery of the entry, its individual stages as well as the artistic and epigraphic setting. The prose-like description of the triumphal entry, the ideologically coherent portrayal of kings and the related poetic works make equal components of the print. They are a visual and literary praise of Sigismund III and the genealogy of his legitimate rule, based on the Jagiellonian roots and his military victory over Maximilian. Reprints, translations, and numerous references to this message in the 16th-and 17th-century printed material ensured its long-standing influence in Poland and abroad. The content of the message was adjusted to the interests of various reading groups and specific political interests, but during the process of its reception the description of the entrada did not lose its identity, and propagated the image of the ceremony depicted in the Sigismundi tertii Cracoviam ingressus for posterity.

The study of Jakub Siebeneicher’s print from the point of view of its textual and visual message, its circulation space within which it functioned, and the role it played in shaping the memory of Sigismund III’s entry into Krakow, made it possible to identify a number of problems related to the ways of representing the artistic setting of the triumphal entry in prints. It was pointed out that in printed language the artistic setting of the entrada was rendered by typographical and graphic means, through cited inscriptions distinguished by different fonts, as well as full-page woodcuts functioning as ideograms of the monarchs and their royal power. In the process of translating one text of culture (artistic setting) into another (printed message) many meanings, symbols and images escaped, but the effect was still a coherent, clear and lasting message about Sigismund III’s entry into Krakow. It imposed ready-made interpretative formulas on subsequent generations of its readers, which spread the fame of the ruler and of the city welcoming him, and harked back to the common heroic and political past of the Kingdom of Poland and Krakow.

The aim of this article is to present opportunities and barriers to scientific development in the West Pomeranian scientific communities. The authors (representing various scientific centres) identify the specificity of opportunities for scientific development in the West Pomeranian Region. Starting from more general diagnoses, they focus on selected indicators of scientific development. They then attempt to characterise them in more detail. The article is also an invitation to discuss the determinants of scientific development on a regional scale.