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Abstrakt

The present study investigates the 2D numerical analogies to the changes of the droplet shapes during the freefall for a wide range of droplet sizes through the stagnation air. The freefall velocity, shape change due to frictional force during free-fall is studied for different considered cases. With the elapse of time, a droplet with a larger initial diameter is changing its original shape more compared to droplets with a smaller diameter. In addition, the spreading of the droplet during the freefall seems more rapid for the larger-diameter droplet. When a droplet with an initial diameter of 15 mm starts to fall with gravitational force, the diameter ratio is decreasing for droplets with higher density and surface tension while droplets having lower density and surface tension show a diameter ratio greater than one. The spreading and splashing of the droplet on a solid surface and liquid storage at the time of impact are much influenced by the freefall memories of the droplet during the freefall from a certain height. These freefall memories are influenced by the fluid properties, drag force, and the freefall height. However, these freefall memories eventually regulate the deformation of the droplet during the freefall.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Abid Hasan Rafi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammad Rejaul Haque
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dewan Hasan Ahmed
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Abstrakt

In the presented work Egorov’s approach (adding a source term to the ω-equation in the k-! model, which mimics the damping of turbulence close to a solid wall) was implemented in on the subclass of shear stress transport models. Hence, turbulence damping is available for all shear stress transport type models, including hybrid models that are based on the ω-equation. It is shown that turbulence damping improves the prediction of the axial velocity profile not only for Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation but also for detached eddy simulation and delayed detached eddy simulation models. Furthermore, it leads to a more realistic estimation of the pressure drop and, hence, to a more correct prediction of the liquid level. In this paper, simulation results for four different turbulence models are presented and validated by comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, the influence of the magnitude of the damping factor on the pressure drop in the channel is investigated for a variety of different gas-to-liquid flow rate ratios. These investigations show that higher gas-to-liquid flow rate ratios require higher damping factors to correctly predict the pressure drop. In the end, advice is formulated on how an appropriate damping factor can be determined for a specific test case.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jiri Polansky
1
Sonja Schmelter
2

  1. Czech Technical University in Prague, Jugoslávských partyzánu 1580/3, 160 00 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
  2. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, D-10587 Berlin-Charlottenburg, Germany

Abstrakt

Wzorce dokumentów żeglugowych, takie jak konosamenty, umowy czarterowe, umowy o zarządzanie statkiem lub deklaracje ładunkowe, przygotowywane są w celu ułatwienia międzynarodowego obrotu morskiego. Ich stosowanie usprawnia proces ustalania treści różnego rodzaju umów, co ma istotne znaczenie wobec narastającego tempa obrotu gospodarczego. Bałtycka i Międzynarodowa Rada Morska (BIMCO) odgrywa wiodącą rolę w opracowywaniu tego rodzaju dokumentów. Tworzone przez nią dokumenty żeglugowe, a także pojedyncze klauzule umowne, są szeroko wykorzystywane międzynarodowej żegludze morskiej. Działalność BIMCO, w tym jej wkład w tworzenie reguł, ogólnych warunków i wzorców umów dla obrotu międzynarodowego jest fundamentalny, a samą BIMCO można uznać za najważniejszą w tym zakresie międzynarodową morską organizację pozarządową.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Cezary Łuczywek
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

Tożsamość grupowa stanowi podstawowe zagadnienie dla psychologii społecznej i jest jednym z kluczowych wyjaśnień wrogości międzygrupowej. Przedstawione tu wyniki ogólnopolskiego badania sondażowego ( N = 1016) pozwalają porównać siłę identyfikacji Polek i Polaków z narodem, miejscem zamieszkania, grupą zawodową oraz płcią, a jednocześnie przedstawić regionalne zróżnicowanie tych identyfikacji w Polsce. Analizujemy przy tym związki między akceptacją grup mniejszościowych a wymienionymi identyfikacjami. W analizach sprawdzamy także, czy trzy komponenty tożsamości narodowej: siła więzi, emocje związane z polskością oraz poznawcza centralność tożsamości narodowej są rzeczywiście – jako sugerowano w poprzednich badaniach – korzystnymi aspektami tożsamości, mającymi pozytywny związek z postawami wobec grup obcych. Uzyskane przez nas wyniki pozwoliły między innymi spojrzeć na identyfikację z grupami jako bardziej złożoną, niż zakładano w czasie prowadzenia poprzednich badań nad tożsamością. Różne treści identyfikacji, a także różne komponenty tożsamości narodowej w różny sposób wiążą się z akceptacją grup obcych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcamy szerokim, parasolowym identyfikacjom, mającym pozytywne związki z akceptacją mniejszości.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dominik Puchała
1
Michał Bilewicz
1

  1. Wydział Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Abstrakt

In the 21st century the way to increase the efficiency of new sources of energy is directly related with extended exploration of renewable energy. This modern tendency ensures the fuel economy needs to be realized with nature protection. The increasing of new power sources efficiency (cogeneration, trigeneration systems, fuel cells, photovoltaic systems) can be performed by application of solid sorption heat pumps, regrigerators, heat and cold accumulators, heat transformers, natural gas and hydrogen storage systems and efficient heat exchangers.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

L. Vasiliev
O. Filatova
A. Tsitovich

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