This paper examines the first English translation of Colmenero’s Curioso Tratado de la Naturaleza y Calidad del Chocolate (1631). The analysis of the English version, Chocolate, or an Indian Drinke, by James Wadsworth is carried out from a qualitative perspective, paying special attention to the translated strategies deployed. The research reveals that Wadsworth will chiefly use procedures such as the preservation of indigenous words and extension, as well as other techniques to a lesser extent.

The following article collects and describes several practical problems that can be encountered when performing geophysical field measurements using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. The methodology of work carried out with the Terrameter LS apparatus of the Swedish company ABEM (currently the company has changed its name to GUIDELINE GEO) was presented and discussed. The attention was paid to interesting solutions that increase the efficiency of works, especially in works related to linear investments. Errors that may appear during the use of the roll-along method are indicated, in particular, those appearing in measurements where too long measurement sections are transferred, as well as problems resulting from high electrode earthing, nonlinear profile traces and variable morphology. It describes how the use of different measurement systems affects the depth of prospecting, and which systems cope well in the area with disturbances. The article also emphasizes that the work should be properly planned before starting field research.

Investors are obliged to carry out construction processes based on the binding rules and regulations. However, these regulations are constantly evolving and subject to various attempts of improvement. Therefore, the aim of this article is an attempt to present the changes that have recently occured in the Polish process of construction process of a single-family residential building, in the context of proceedings before architectural and construction administration authorities. Basic legal acts regulating this procedure have been amended, such as: the Construction Law Act and the Regulation of the Minister of Development on the detailed scope and form of a construction design. Since these regulations have changed their provisions many times over the years, the article focuses on the changes that entered into force during 2020 and 2021. An additional aim of the article is to check and show how these changes were adopted by both investors and participants in the construction process, such as designers. In order to achieve this goal, a survey was conducted among them in Mał opolska region. The data concerning the submitted applications for permits for the construction of a single-family residential building, within the mentioned years, have been analyzed.

This paper presents a control concept for a single-axle mobile robot moving on the horizontal plane. A mathematical model of the nonholonomic mechanical system is derived using Hamel’s equations of motion. Subsequently, a concept for a tracking controller is described in detail. This controller keeps the mobile robot on a given reference trajectory while maintaining it in an upright position. The control objective is reached by a cascade control structure. By an appropriate input transformation, we are able to utilize an input-output linearization of a subsystem. For the remaining dynamics a linear set-point control law is presented. Finally, the performance of the implemented control law is illustrated by simulation results.