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Abstrakt

The article presents the problem of the settlements development in the Ojców National Park (ONP) and its buffer zone, both located in the suburban area of Cracow (Poland). The aim of the research was to recognize the social perception of this phenomenon, as well as the residents opinion about the limitations in spatial management related to the functioning of the Park. Interviews were made among 204 residents, and 40 representatives of local self-governments, cultural institutions, associations, administrators of tourist facilities and entrepreneurs. The local community perceives constraints in the new buildings construction and in enlargement or modernization of the existing ones as the main problem for people living in the ONP or its buffer zone. Driven by their particular interests, residents advocate the further development of the settlements and tourist infrastructure within the Park and the buffer zone, the liberalization of regulations, and even the liquidation of the Park’s buffer zone. They do not understand that the natural and landscape values (highly appreciated by them) can be degraded due to these activities.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bernadetta Zawilińska
Laura Kochel
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

This work is a contribution to a normative approach of noise assessment in the professional environment. It permits the identification of the affected workstations on the one hand and on the other hand it constitutes an important support to the preoccupations of the impact study on the environment in plants. It also informs us on the adequate preparation of the procedures required by the Environmental Management System (ISO 14001) being implemented in steel-making complex ArcelorMittal Algeria. It constitutes an answer to the recommended environmental politics. The proposed calculation methods are verified according to the recognized sources (ISO 9612, 2009) and the results will be estimated in relation to the legal thresholds recommended by international bodies. The methodology for measuring the noise exposure levels has been done according to the following steps: work analysis; selection of measurement strategy; measurements; error handling and uncertainty evaluations; calculations; and presentation of results. This will lead us to an implementation of a corrective and preventive action plan intended to master this occupational risk carrying prejudice to the health of the workers.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wahiba Meddeb
Kamel Tadjine

Abstrakt

Barley scald, caused by Rhynchosporium commune is one of the most prevalent diseases in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide. The primary loss from scald is reduced yield, which can exceed 25% in dry areas. In our earlier studies, we developed a low-resolution linkage map for recombinant inbred lines of the cross Tadmor/WI2291. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for scald were localized on chromosomes 2H and 3H flanked by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers HVM54 and Bmac0093b on 2H and HVLTPP8, HVM62 and Bmag0006 on 3H. These chromosome 3H markers were found to be located close to the Rrs1 − R. commune resistance gene(s) on chromosome 3H. In this study, 10 homozygous resistant and 10 homozygous susceptible plants each from the F7 population of Tadmor/ Sel160, a panel of 23 barley varieties used routinely in the International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) breeding program and three populations were used for scald resistance screening using 25 DNA markers that are located very close to scald resistance gene(s) on barley chromosomes. Only five of those markers clearly discriminated co-dominantly between resistant and susceptible plants. These markers, Ebmac0871- SSR, HVS3-SCAR, Bmag0006-SSR, reside on different arms of barley chromosome 3H. Ebmac871 is localized on the short arm of 3H and HVS3 and Bmag0006 are localized on the long arm of 3H. This result indicates that the scald resistance genes which they tag are probably close to the centromeric region of this chromosome. Scald resistance from several sources map to the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 3H, forming the complex Rrs1 locus. The availability of highly polymorphic markers for the discrimination of breeding material would be extremely useful for barley breeders to select for the trait at the DNA level rather than relying on phenotypic expression and infection reaction.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Haitham Sayed
Michael Baum

Abstrakt

The paper presents a conception of power electronics voltage controlled current source (VCCS) which is able much more precise mapping of its an output current in a reference signal, compared to a typical converter solution. It can be achieved by means of such interconnection of two separate converters that one of them corrects a total output current towards a reference signal. An output power of auxiliary converter is much smaller than an output power of main one. Thanks to continuous work of this converter also pulse modulation components in this current are minimized. These benefits are paid for by a relatively small increase in the complexity and the cost of the system. This conception of a converter has been called the double-converter topology (DCT). In the author opinion presented solution of the system can find application in many power electronics equipment and, therefore, will be developed. In the paper DCT basics, simulation experiments, and possible practical arrangement of the DCT are presented.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Michał Gwóźdź

Abstrakt

The porous structure of cylindrical and ring-shaped char material was developed by partial steam gasification. Micropore and mesopore structures of active carbons with various forms of burn-off were evaluated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Parameters of the Dubinin- Radushkevich equation were calculated as well as the micropore size distribution by the Horvath- Kawazoe method. The results of textural investigations showed that more uniform micropore structure and better mechanical properties were found for ring-shaped active carbons.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bronisław Buczek

Abstrakt

This contribution deals with the heat transfer parameters and pressure losses in heat exchange sets with six geometrical arrangements at low Re values (Re from 476 to 2926). Geometrical arrangements were characterised by the h/H ratio ranging from 0.2 to 1.0. The experiments used the holographic interferometry method in real time. This method enables visible and quantitative evaluations of images of temperature fields in the examined heat exchange. These images are used to determine the local and mean heat transfer parameters. The obtained data were used to determine the Colburn j-factor and the friction coefficient f. The measured values show that by using the profiled heat exchange surfaces and inserting regulating tubes, an intensification of heat transfer (increase of Num, and/or j) was achieved. However, pressure losses recorded a significant increase (increase of f).

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Józef Cernecky
Zuzana Brodnianska
Jan Koniar

Abstrakt

This article takes as its starting point the Greek term μεταξύ, a preposition meaning ‘between’, first turned into a noun in Plato’s Symposium, and in that substantivized form adapted for their own ends by a number of 20th-century philosophers, most notably by Simone Weil. In her Gravity and Grace (French: La Pesanteur et la grâce) she defines le metaxu as in-betweenness, a social and metaphysical category which embraces all that connects and divides (as, for example, a wall that both separates two prisoners and can be used by them to tap messages). In this article Weil’s concept of metaxu is applied to the language and then to various readings of two of Wisława Szymborska’s poems, ‘Funeral’ and ‘Elegiac Calculation’. Pragmalinguistics and semantics, too, play a role in the interpretation of these poems.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dorota Korwin-Piotrowska

Abstrakt

Job crafting is an employees activity aimed to change and improve own work which serves to find the meaning in job. Activities related to job crafting usually occur beyond the superiors’ knowledge so the feeling of autonomy of a worker may hinder or encourage them to craft job. The study aimed to determine the correlations between organizational rank and job crafting with respect to a mediating role of autonomy and organizational tenure as a moderator. Study 1 (N = 102) showed that people having managerial positions undertake task crafting more often than non-managers. Managers and non-managers are no different with regards to cognitive and relational crafting. Autonomy mediated the relationship between organizational rank and task crafting. Most of the results in study 2 (N = 99) was a replication of the results of study 1. The differences are probably related to a various length of organizational tenure for a current organization. The results of the presented studies indicate the role of autonomy in undertaking job crafting, what is being discussed in the literature worldwide and Polish studies.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mateusz Minda
Karolina Mudło-Głagolska

Abstrakt

The aim of this review is to describe ecological and physiological features of Andrallus spinidens Fabricius and to discuss various possibilities of using it as an appropriate biocontrol agent in different agroecosystems. This hemipteran is a cosmopolitan predator of caterpillar pests of rice, wheat, soybean, moong, pigeon pea, maize, sugarcane and cowpea with special feeding on Chilo suppressalis Walker, Naranga aenescnes Moore, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Climate, spatial distribution of prey and type of agricultural crop are among the factors influencing the biology and spatial-temporal distribution of A. spinidens. Studies have shown random or aggregated distribution of the predatory bug with population peaks in April, July and October. The 1st instar nymphs have no feeding, the 2nd and 3rd (the first 2 days) instars are seedling feeders while they are voracious predators of caterpillars from the middle of 3rd instar to adulthood. The salivary gland consisted of two anterior-, two lateral- and two posterior lobes with major secretion of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amino- and carboxypeptidases. The alimentary canal has a four-sectioned midgut in which the third section seems to be the main place for digestive enzymes including α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase cathepsins B, L and D as well as carboxy- and aminopetidases. Andrallus spinidens have shown compatibility with some insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. The predatory bug may be successfully reared in a laboratory using Galleria mellonella larvae as prey and both conservation and augmentation should be considered as biological control strategies against insect pests.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Arash Zibaee
Samar Ramzi
Hassan Hoda

Abstrakt

This paper attempts to find out what is the role of competitive environment in shaping the sensitivity of growth in banking to the business cycle. To answer this question, we apply a large set of individual bank level data including over 8000 banks operating in more than 100 countries. This study uses the growth of assets, loans, deposits and leverage as proxies of bank growth and Lerner index as a proxy for the competitive environment. The analysis shows that decreased competition is associated with increased procyclicality of bank growth. However, in a perfectly competitive environment the growth turns out to be countercyclical. This effect differs between high- and lowincome countries. A perfectly competitive environment is associated with countercyclical growth in high-income countries. The opposite result is found for low-income countries. Our results for Central Eastern European countries show that increased competition is associated with enhanced procyclicality of growth.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Małgorzata Olszak
1
Iwona Kowalska
2

  1. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, Department of Financial System of Economy
  2. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, Department of Quantitative Methods

Abstrakt

17-4PH stainless steel finds application in the aerospace industry owing to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In the literature, this steel is described as good for welding, but research shows that it may be problematic due to the formation of defects. In this study, the welded joints were made by the robotic TIG welding method with various welding speeds (2 and 3 mm/s). The joints were subjected to non-destructive testing and were free from defects. The microstructure was observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the microstructure of the heat affected zone were observed and discussed. Based on the observation of the microstructure and the change in the hardness profile, the heat affected zone was divided into 4 characteristic regions. δ-ferrite and NbC were observed in the martensite matrix. The welded joints were subjected to heat treatment consisting of solution and aging in 550°C for 4 h. The microstructure of the heat affected zone become homogenized as a result of the heat treatment. The content of stable austenite in the welded joint after the heat treatment was about 3%.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Nalborczyk-Kazanecka
1
ORCID: ORCID
G. Mrowka-Nowotnik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, 12 Powstańców Warszawy Av., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

Abstrakt

This essay examines the Nibelungensage and its filmic adaptations within the framework of the multi- perspective approach of German Studies. It is about the approaches of Casper-Hehne/ Schweiger in the sense of a synthetic approach to the concept of culture, and Nünning/ Nünning, whose terminology is extended to filmic narrations. The intertextuality of the “Nibelungen-films” and of the “Nibelungensage” is also relevant. The analysis focuses on the films by Fritz Lang (1924), Harald Reinl (1966/67), Uli Edel (2004) and Ralf Huettner (2008).

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Barbara von der Lühe

Abstrakt

The purpose of the work was to determine the infuence of the bulk density ρz of granules, processing parameters and the density of ski inserts ρw made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) on their damping properties. For this aim liners for ski helmets with 3 different bulk densities were made. Sintering time and sintering pressure were also changed. The percentage damping factor η was determined on the basis of the results obtained in the rebound resilience test. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it was found that increasing the density of EPS pads ρw increases their damping properties and at the same time contributes to a decrease in elasticity, increase in hardness and brittleness of EPS products.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

M. Trzaskalska
ORCID: ORCID
R. Chwastek
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Abstrakt

Basic lung and heart ultrasound examination combined with chest X-ray (TUSX) is currently considered to be very useful for differentiation of asthma, chronic bronchitis and laryngeal paralysis from other diseases with dyspnea/coughing. Among 252 client-owned animals with persistent dyspnea/cough/noisy breathing, in 197 of them: pulmonary edema, pneumonia, lung cancer, free pleural fluid, pneumothorax, lung contusion or heart disease were diagnosed. The remaining 55 animals (42 dogs and 13 cats) were diagnosed with asthma (in 13 cats), chronic bronchitis (in 37 dogs) and laryngeal paralysis (in 5 dogs) using TUSX. These animals were qualified for inhaled fluticasone treatment using 3 types of spacers – two commercial and a home- -made mask. 36 animals (65.5%) completed the trail. In 26 of them (72.2%) the owners observed complete, long lasting relief of the symptoms, and the owners of 7 animals (19.5%) declared a considerable clinical improvement, regardless of the type of spacer used. The owners of 3 animals (8.3%) did not see any improvement. The proposed diagnostic and therapeutic management improved long-term clinical status of the vast majority (91.7%) of animals. Therefore, it seems justified to include the TUSX diagnostic protocol in daily veterinary practice and to encourage owners to prepare home-made face masks for inhaled fluticasone treatment.
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Bibliografia


Allen A, Bareille PJ, Rousell VM (2013) Fluticasone Furoate A Novel Inhaled Corticosteroid, Demonstrates Prolonged Lung Absorption Kinetics in Man Compared with Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate. Clin Pharmacokinet 52: 37-42.
Bataille B, Riu B, Ferre F, Moussot PE, Mari A, Brunel E, Ruiz J, Mora M, Fourcade O, Genestal M, Silva S (2014) Integrated Use of Bed-side Lung Ultrasound and Echo cardiography in Acute Respiratory Failure. Chest 146: 1586-1593.
Bekgoz B, Kilicaslan I, Bildik F, Keles A, Demircan A, Hakoglu O, Coskun G., Demir H (2019) BLUE protocol ultrasonography in Emer-gency Department patients presenting with acute dyspnea. Am J Emerg Med 37: 2020-2027.
Bexfield NH, Foale RD, Davison LJ, Watson PJ, Skelly BJ, Herrtage ME (2006) Management of 13 cases of canine respiratory disease using inhaled corticosteroids. J Small Anim Pract 47: 377-382.
Boon JA (2011) Veterinary echocardiography. 2nd ed., Ames, Wiley-Blackwell Iowa, p 610.
Boysen SR, Lisciandro GR (2013) The use of ultrasound for dogs and cats in the emergency room. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 43: 773-797.
Brutsche MH, Brutsche IC, Munawar M, Langley SJ, Masterson CM, Daley-Yates PT, Brown R, Custovic A, Woodcock A (2000) Comparison of pharmacokinetics and systemic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with asthma and healthy volunteers: a random-ised crossover study. The Lancet 356: 556-561.
Canonne AM, Bolen G, Peeters D, Billen F, Clercx C (2016) Long-term follow-up in dogs with idiopathic eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy treated with inhaled steroid therapy: Fluticasone in eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. J Small Anim Pract 57: 537-542.
Chiem AT, Chan CH, Ander DS, Kobylivker AN, Manson WC (2015) Comparison of Expert and Novice Sonographers’ Performance in Focused Lung Ultrasonography in Dyspnea (FLUID) to Diagnose Patients With Acute Heart Failure Syndrome. Acad Emerg Med 22: 564-573.
Church D, Maddison JE, Page SW (2008) Small animal clinical pharmacology. 2nd ed., Saunders/Elsevier Edinburgh, p 263.
Falcoz C, Oliver R, McDowall JE, Ventresca P, Bye A, Daley-Yates PT (2000) Bioavailability of Orally Admi nistered Micronised Fluticasone Propionate. Clin Pharmacokinet 39 (Suppl 1): 9-15.
Hall DP, Jordan H, Alam S, Gillies MA (2017) The impact of focused echocardiography using the Focused Intensive Care Echo protocol on the management of critically ill patients, and comparison with full echocardiographic studies by BSE-accredited sonographers. J Intensive Care Soc 18: 206-211.
Hew M, Tay TR. (2016) The efficacy of bedside chest ultrasound: from accuracy to outcomes. Eur Respir J 25: 230-246.
Labovitz AJ, Noble VE, Bierig M, Goldstein SA, Jones R, Kort S, Porter TR, Spencer KT, Tayal VS, Wei K (2010) Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in the Emergent Setting: A Consensus Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography and American College of Emergency Physicians. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23: 1225-1230.
Lichtenstein D (2017) Novel approaches to ultrasonography of the lung and pleural space: where are we now? Breathe 13: 100-111.
Lichtenstein DA (2015) BLUE-Protocol and FALLS-Protocol. Chest 147: 1659-1670.
Lichtenstein DA (2007) Ultrasound in the management of thoracic disease. Crit Care Med 35 (Suppl 5): S250-S261.
Lichtenstein D, Goldstein I, Mourgeon E, Cluzel P, Grenier P, Rouby J-J (2004) Comparative diagnostic performances of auscultation, chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology 100: 9-15.
Lisciandro GR (2021) Point-of-care ultrasound techniques for the small animal practitioner. 2nd ed., Wiley -Blackwell Hoboken, pp 297-337.
Lisciandro GR, Fosgate GT, Fulton RM (2014) Frequency and number of ultrasound lung rockets (B-lines) using a regionally based lung ultrasound examination named Vet Blue (Veterinary Bedside Lung Ultrasound Exam) in dogs with radiographically normal lung findings. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 55: 315-322.
Lisciandro GR, Fulton RM, Fosgate GT, Mann KA (2017) Frequency and number of B-lines using a regionally based lung ultrasound exam-ination in cats with radiographically normal lungs compared to cats with left-sided congestive heart failure: Assessment of B-lines in lung ultrasound examinations in cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 27: 499-505.
Loughran KA, Rush JE, Rozanski EA, Oyama MA, Larouche‐ -Lebel É, Kraus MS. (2019) The use of focused cardiac ultrasound to screen for occult heart disease in asymptomatic cats. J Vet Intern Med 33: 1892-1901.
Lucina SB, Sarraff-Lopes AP, Sousa MG (2017) Use of focus assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE) in the veterinary emergency room. Ciência Rural 47: 1-10.
Łobaczewski A, Czopowicz M, Moroz A, Mickiewicz M, Stabińska M, Petelicka H, Frymus T, Szaluś-Jordanow O (2021) Lung ultrasound for imaging of B-lines in dogs and cats-A prospective study investigating agreement between three types of transducers and the accuracy in diagnosing cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia and lung neoplasia. Animals 11: 1-16.
Nakao S, Vaillancourt C, Taljaard M, Nemnom M-J, Woo MY, Stiell IG (2020) Evaluating the impact of point-of-care ultrasonography on patients with suspected acute heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in the emergency department: A prospective observational study. CJEM 22: 342-349.
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Szaluś-Jordanow O, Stabińska-Smolarz M, Czopowicz M, Moroz A, Mickiewicz M, Łobaczewski A, Chrobak -Chmiel D, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Rzewuska M, Sapierzyński R, Grzegorczyk M, Świerk A, Frymus T (2021) Focused cardiac ultrasound examination as a tool for diagnosis of infective endocarditis and myocarditis in dogs and cats. Animals (Basel) 11: 1-14.
Tasci O, Hatipoglu ON, Cagli B, Ermis V (2016) Sonography of the chest using linear-array versus sector transducers: Correlation with auscultation, chest radiography, and computed tomography. J Clin Ultrasound 44: 383-389.
Tse YC, Rush JE, Cunningham SM, Bulmer BJ, Freeman LM, Rozanski EA (2013) Evaluation of a training course in focused echocardiography for noncardiology house officers: Echocardiography for noncardiology house officers. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 23: 268-273.
Ward JL, Lisciandro GR, DeFrancesco TC (2018) Distribution of alveolar-interstitial syndrome in dogs and cats with respiratory distress as assessed by lung ultrasound versus thoracic radiographs: Distribution of pathology using lung ultrasound. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 28: 415-428.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Łobaczewski
1
M. Czopowicz
2
A. Moroz
2
M. Mickiewicz
2
A. Kosiec-Tworus
3
T. Frymus
4
O. Szaluś-Jordanow
4

  1. Veterinary Clinic Auxilium, Arkadiusz Olkowski, Królewska 64 05-822 Milanówek, Poland
  2. Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  3. Veterinary Clinic, Legwet, Wysockiego 31, 05-120 Legionowo, Poland
  4. Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

Irregular systems with long-range interactions and multiple clusters are considered. The presence of clusters leads to excessive computational complexity of conventional fast multipole methods (FMM), used for modeling systems with large number of DOFs. To overcome the difficulty, a modification of the classical FMM is suggested. It tackles the very cause of the complication by accounting for higher intensity of fields, generated by clusters in upward and especially in downward translations. Numerical examples demonstrate that, in accordance with theoretical estimations, in typical cases the modified FMM significantly reduces the time expense without loss of the accuracy.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

L. Rybarska-Rusinek
E. Rejwer
A. Linkov
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

The aim of this study was to establish the stratigraphic extent of a putative Tournaisian Stage within the Carboniferous succession in the Lublin Basin. The oldest part of the succession, known as the Huczwa Formation and comprising depositional sequences 1–4, was investigated based on lithofacies analysis, sequence stratigraphy and petrographic studies. The article provides descriptions of depositional sequences, parasequences (cyclothems) and lithofacies that were formed in a range of environments (elements of depositional architecture) and as a result of volcanic processes – lava and pyroclastic eruptions and chemical weathering of their products. Correlation of the sequence stratigraphy to the West European and global Carboniferous chronostratigraphic divisions, as well as to the Khoriv suite in the Lviv-Volyn Basin in adjacent Ukraine, indicates a putative late Tournaisian age for sequence 1, and a late Visean age for sequences 2–4. There is a stratigraphic gap between sequences 1 and 2, spanning probably the uppermost Tournaisian and the lower and middle Visean. The upper Tournaisian is represented by the FRST-LST deposits of sequence 1, comprising mainly volcaniclastic conglomerates and sandstones developed in braided-river channels and incised valleys with hyperconcentrated flow processes. These deposits are represented by polymictic paraconglomerate and lithic/sublithic/subarkose arenites or sublithic wackes, and contain predominantly grains of acidic and alkaline volcanic and igneous rocks. This material probably came from the Łuków-Wisznice Elevation and the Volynian Polesia region, located to the NE and E of the Lublin Basin. In the uppermost part of sequence 1, volcanic rocks and tuffs appear which developed during the activity of at least three volcanic cones in the Lublin Basin. The volcanoes were the source of alkaline lavas in the central and SW areas of the basin, and of acidic lavas in the SE area, previously undescribed. The Visean sequences 2–4 consist of the FRST-LST sediments deposited within incised valleys. The TST and HST deposits accumulated mainly in a shallow ramp-type carbonate shelf, shallow clayey shelf and deltaic environments.
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Bibliografia

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Ashley, G.M. and Sheridan, R.E. 1994. Depositional model for valley fills on a passive continental margin. In: Dalrymple, R.W., Boyd, R. and Zaitlin, B.A. (Eds), Incised-Valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, 51, 285–301. Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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Batalla, R.J., De Jong, C., Ergenzinger, P. and Sala, M. 1999. Field observations on hyperconcentrated flows in mountain torrents. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 247–253.
Bojkowski, K. and Dembowski, Z. 1988. Paleogeography of Carboniferous in the Lublin Coal Basin at the background of paleogeography of Carboniferous in Poland. In: Dembowski, Z. and Porzycki, J. (Eds), Carboniferous of the Lublin Coal Basin. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 122, 18–26; 227–228.
Bojkowski, K. and Musiał, Ł. 1978. Stratygrafia makrofaunistyczna karbonu. In: Niemczycka, T. (Ed.), Profile Głębokich Otworów Wiertniczych Instytutu Geologicznego, 45, 129–131.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maria I. Waksmundzka
1
Aleksandra Kozłowska
1
Magdalena Pańczyk
1

  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

The molecular dynamics of the well-known nematic liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl geometrically restricted in Anopore and Synpor porous membranes with various pore structure and treated by different surfactants (namely decanoic acid and lecithin) is compared. In the Anopore membrane the chosen surfactants induce the homeotropic orientation of the molecules on the walls of the cylindrical pores and observed corresponding relaxation processes (librational modes) are practically the same. The dielectric measurements of lecithin treated Synpor membranes reveals the reorientation of the molecules from planar to homeotropic on the complex multilayer structure present in their volume. The dielectric strengths of the observed two molecular processes (δ-process and librational mode) are inversed in the ratio compared to the untreated membranes. The observed differences in molecular dynamics results from the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in untreated and treated membranes and the structure of the membranes themselves.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

S.A. Różański

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