As is well known, gas consumption and its prices depends on many factors including local factors, geopolitics, the development of the gas transport infrastructure (including liquefied natural gas), distribution and extraction costs – for example unconventional deposits (e.g. shale gas). The global gas market depends primarily on the economic relations between large gas producers and importers e.g. US-China, Middle East/US – Russia etc. (Olayele 2015). In individual countries, the price is also dependent on concluded contracts and delivery directions. Also it should be mentioned that the gas consumption depends on weather conditions, type of day of the year (holiday, business day, month) and economic situation (Kosowski et. al 2010). What impact has the appearance of the COVID-19 epidemic had on the European natural gas market?

The analyzed research problem concerned, in particular, two areas: gas consumption and its prices, in selected European countries in the aspect of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic with reference to historical data from 2016–2019. Seven European countries belonging to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG) were selected, for which the highest inland consumption of natural gas by country was observed in the last year. The countries are presented in order or consumption: Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland. The data has been downloaded from transmission system operators (TSOs) for each of these countries.

Furthermore the article showed information about the dates of governments restrictions (lockdown), LNG contract volumes, injection/withdrawal volumes (storage).

Based on a study of Polish migrants living in England and Scotland, this paper explores how Polish families who have decided to bring up their children in the UK make initial school choices. The Polish parents taking part in our study generally had low levels of social and cultural capital (Bourdieu 1986) upon arrival in the UK: they had limited networks (predominantly bonding capital) (Putnam 2000) and a poor command of English, and lacked basic knowledge of the British education system. Meanwhile, this is a highly complex system, very much different from the Polish one; moreover, school choice plays a much more important role within the UK system, especially at the level of secondary education. We found that while some parents acted as ‘disconnected choosers’ (Gewirtz, Ball and Bowe 1995) follow-ing the strategy they would use in Poland and simply enrolling their children in the nearest available school, others attempted to make an informed choice. In looking for schools, parents first and foremost turned to co-ethnic networks for advice and support; nevertheless, parents who attempted to make an informed choice typically lacked ‘insider knowledge’ and often held misconceptions about the British education system. The one feature of the system Polish parents were very much aware of, however, was the existence of Catholic schools; therefore, religious beliefs played a key role in school choice among Polish parents (with some seeking and others avoiding Catholic schools). The ‘active choosers’ also made choices based on first impressions and personal beliefs about what was best for their child (e.g. in terms of ethnic composition of the school) or allowed their children to make the choice. Parents of disabled children were most restricted in exercising school choice, as only certain schools cater for complex needs. All in all, the Polish parents in our sample faced similar barriers to BME (Black Minor-ity Ethnic) parents in exercising school choice in the UK and, regardless of their own levels of education, their school selection strategies resembled those of the British working class rather than of the middle class. However, the risk of ‘bad’ initial school choice may be largely offset by a generally strong pref-erence for Catholic schools and parents’ high educational ambitions for their children.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has put healthcare systems worldwide under huge strain, resulting in a significant loss of their capacity and availability. Patients have become more reluctant to contact their doctors or call an ambulance in case of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms onset. It has been accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of coronary angiography and PCI procedures performed.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of online health information in the patient- dependent phase of MI management during the COVID-19 lockdown in Europe.
Methods: We analyzed Google Trends data on the popularity of phrases related to MI symptoms, respiratory tract infection, urological complaints, and terms unrelated to health, for the period of the first COVID-19 lockdown, along with the data from the corresponding weeks from 2017–2019 in seven European countries.
Results: The search volume for particular symptoms of myocardial infarction increased in all studied countries, compared to the analogous period from 2017–2019, with a significant increase in for chest pain, shortness of breath, fear, and palpitations in most countries. These changes have not been accompanied by increased interest in terms related to respiratory tract infection symptoms and urological complaints.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that during lockdown, patients with MI symptoms may have tried to manage their complaints on their own, using information from the Internet. This demonstrates the growing role of the Internet in the patient’s decision-making process in the emergency situation, indicating a grow-ing need for reliable and freely available online information provided by healthcare professionals.

Autorka artykułu analizuje wpływ twórczości Marcela Prousta na utwory dramatyczne Tennessee Williamsa, zwłaszcza na dramat Szklana menażeria, znany także z hollywoodzkiej wersji filmowej. W sztuce tej ważną rolę odgrywają Proustowskie motywy, takie jak czas, pamięć i jej mechanizmy. Podobnie jak Proust, Williams nie ukrywa w swoim utworze elementów autobiograficznych. W Szklanej menażerii zwraca również uwagę inspirowane powieścią Prousta wykorzystanie motywów muzycznych oraz doszukiwanie się podobieństw między bohaterami literackimi a postaciami z dzieł malarskich. Choć Proust nie pisał dramatów, a Williams nie zostawił po sobie żadnej powieści, to łączyła ich miłość do teatru i przekonanie, że wspomnienie jest swego rodzaju spektaklem, a scena to szczególnie odpowiednie miejsce, by opowiadać o przeszłości.

The article presents the method in which the reform of the system of higher education and science in Poland in 2016–2018, constituted in the form of a framework act the “Constitution for Science” (known as Law 2.0). It was carried out, with particular emphasis on aspects of the transformation that remain in accordance with the postulates of the model of public co-management or, in relation to this model, remain in clear contradiction. The authors try to point out both the declared aspect of the processes constituting the reform as well as the actual realized dimension of those processes. Therefore, the research question that comes to the fore in the following investigations is: is it possible in the practice of public administration functioning in Poland to create regulatory solutions in line with contemporary achievements of science of administration and politics, such as the paradigm of public participation and the concept of public co-management.