The paper gives an evidence that construction of contemporary objects at the interface with the historic urban space, may be a way to renew and revitalize areas which require it. Such action may be a strong and valuable catalyst for the functional and visual transformation of a given fragment of urban space. It can also contribute to the increase of social activity within it. Research shows that public facilities from the turn of the 20th and 21st century, which were built using innovative architectural technologies and constructional solutions, are the buildings which provide great opportunities to contrast with historical architecture. This can be achieved due to their significant scale and rank in the urban space. The analyzes show that design based on the principle of contrast is the right solution for the degraded historic urban space. The replenishment of the old tissue should be carried out with the emphasis on the identity of the times in which we live, without creating architecture which could literally imitate historical objects or compete with them. Because of this contrast and diversity, new fragments of the city can become a counterweight or a valuable background to the existing historical tissue. Contemporary buildings located in a historical context are not only enhancing the values of cultural heritage but can also become a grateful element of the urban space and a strong accent of modernity and innovation in the city.
Hydrocarbon production under certain geological conditions of these deposits can cause surface subsidence and deformation of the terrain surface. Such deformations appear as subsidence troughs of considerable range and the magnitude of the subsidence depending on the total thickness of the reservoir, compaction properties of reservoir and on the number of other factors. In the past there have been widely recognized magnitudes of the subsidence up to 9 meters. The stress zones in the subsidence trough may affect the buildings and surface structures. However there have been well known some cases of destroyed boreholes or pipelines belonging to the gas or oil mine. Therefore there is a requirement to analyze the possibility of occurrence unfavorable phenomenon on the ground surface, to monitor surface deformations during production and to protect surface infrastructure located in the range of mining influences. In the paper the issue of surface subsidence caused by hydrocarbon production has been presented. The cause - effect relationship between the compaction of thereservoir rock and the subsidence of surface area has been assumed. The prediction model base on the influence function and on the superposition of elementary influences. For the purpose of building damage protection a new model of risk assessment has been developed. This model base on the elements of fuzzy logicallows to incorporate in the analysis the quantitative and qualitative factors that contribute to the risk of building damage. Use of the fuzzy logic made it possible to obtain one value which clearly discriminate the risk of buildings damage. However, risk analyzes of damage to the large number of buildings has been required additional tools. The spatial analysis has been made by using GIS. The subjects of the paper have been illustrated with a practical example.
This paper addresses the nonlinear Cucker–Smale optimal control problem under the interplay of memory effect. The aforementioned effect is included by employing the Caputo fractional derivative in the equation representing the velocity of agents. Sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to the considered problem are proved and the analysis of some particular problems is illustrated by two numerical examples.
Zjawiska dynamiczne – zarówno pochodzenia antropogenicznego, jak i naturalnego – występują zazwyczaj nieoczekiwanie i ujawniają się z dużą prędkością. Zmiany morfologii powierzchni terenu cechują się w takich przypadkach dużą gwałtownością, a rejony ich występowania nie podlegają najczęściej stałemu monitoringowi naziemnemu. Z tego względu kompleksowe opisanie skutków zaistnienia zjawisk tego typu – zwłaszcza po upływie pewnego czasu od ich wystąpienia – jest trudne, a często niemożliwe. J ednocześnie, dla badań nad charakterystykami jakościowymi i ilościowymi zjawisk dynamicznych, wartości i kierunki przemieszczeń powierzchni terenu będące ich wynikiem mają duże znaczenie. Zastosowanie satelitarnej interferometrii radarowej w badaniach zmian rzeźby powierzchni terenu wywołanych przez zjawiska takie jak trzęsienia ziemi jest już od pewnego czasu rutyną. N iemniej misja S entinel, która prowadzona jest przez Europejską Agencję Kosmiczną, stwarza nowe możliwości prowadzenia monitoringu na obszarach, na których wystąpiły zjawiska o charakterze dynamicznym. Autorzy postanowili sprawdzić, czy wstrząs pochodzenia górniczego generuje ruchy powierzchni terenu oraz zbadać, w jakiej odległości od epicentrum mają one miejsce oraz określić rząd wielkości ruchów tego typu. Analizy interferometryczne, które oparto na metodzie satelitarnej interferometrii różnicowej DInSAR na podstawie zobrazowań radarowych pochodzących z misji S entinel pozwoliły na uzyskanie odpowiedzi na te pytania.