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Electrochemical Sensor for Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Employing Square Wave Perturbation Voltage

Jacek Gębicki Adam Kloskowski
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2010 | No 4 | 637-649 | DOI: 10.2478/v10178-010-0052-2
Keywords sensor VOCs ionic liquid square wave voltammetry PDMS
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of investigation on a prototype sensor for measurement of benzaldehyde in air. Sensitivity and limit of quantification of the sensor were determined for different internal electrolytes using square wave voltammetry (SWV) as the detection technique. The working and counter electrodes were made of platinum. Ionic liquids 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoro-methanesulfonyl) imide and 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethan constituted the internal electrolyte. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane separated the gaseous medium from the electrolyte.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Gębicki
Adam Kloskowski

Deodorization of model biogas by means of novel non-ionic deep eutectic solvent

Edyta Słupek Patrycja Makoś Jacek Gębicki
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2020 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 41-46 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.132524
Keywords biogas absorption volatile organic compounds deep eutectic solvents deodorization method
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Abstract

The paper presents new non-ionic deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of natural and non-toxic components i.e. guaiacol, camphor and levulinic acid in 1:1:3 molar ratio as a promising absorbent for removal of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including dichloromethane, toluene, hexamethyldisiloxane and propionaldehyde from model biogas. The affi nity of DES for VOCs was determined as vapour-liquid coeffi cients and the results were compared with several well-known DESs based on quaternary ammonium salt as well as n-hexadecane and water. For new DES, the absorption process was carried out under dynamic conditions. The results indicate that non-ionic DES has high affi nity and capacity for VOCs being comparable to n-hexadecane. In addition, absorbed VOCs could be easily desorbed from DES using activated carbon and absorbent could be re-use minimum fi ve times without significant loss of absorption capacity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Słupek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Makoś
1
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdańsk, Poland

Extractive detoxification of hydrolysates with simultaneous formation of deep eutectic solvents

Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska Edyta Słupek Karolina Kucharska Jacek Gębicki
Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 3 (24th Polish Conference of Chemical and Process Engineering, 13-16 June 2023, Szczecin, Poland. Guest editor: Prof. Rafał Rakoczy and 8th European Process Intensification Conference, 31.05–2.06.2023, Warsaw, Poland.) | e18 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2023.146720
Keywords hydrolysates detoxification deep eutectic solvents furfural fermentation
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Abstract

The hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass results in the production of so-called fermentation inhibitors, which reduce the efficiency of biohydrogen production. To increase the efficiency of hydrogen production, inhibitors should be removed from aqueous hydrolysate solutions before the fermentation process. This paper presents a new approach to the detoxification of hydrolysates with the simultaneous formation of in-situ deep eutectic solvents (DES). In the first stage of the study, inhibitors were identified in the real hydrolysate samples using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four monoterpenes were tested for their potential to extract furfural (FF) with simultaneous DES formation. An optimization process of the most important parameters affecting the extraction process and DES formation (Thymol:FF) was conducted using the Central Composite Design (CCD) model. A temperature of 40 °C, pH of 7, mHBD:mHYD ratio of 2:1, and time of 50 min were selected as the optimal conditions. These results indicate the high efficiency of FF removal from hydrolysates (92.1 - 94.6 %) in a onestep process. Meanwhile, the structural properties of the formed DES measured by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) differed only slightly from those of the DES composed of pure substances (Furfural and Thymol).
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Authors and Affiliations

Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edyta Słupek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Kucharska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineeringand Chemical Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

Pre-treatment of bio fraction waste prior to fermentation 1 processes

Karolina Kucharska Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska Edyta Słupek Jacek Gębicki
Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | 2024 | vol. 45 | No 1 | e50 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2023.147409
Keywords hydrolysates saccharification hydrogen biowaste anaerobic digestion
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Abstract

Current efforts are taken to increase resource efficiency, close material loops, and improve sustainable waste and by-products management. Thus, networking agro-food by-products andc onverting them into valuable products completely exhausting the potential of the raw material becomes significant. Model lignocellulosic and starch based biomass were subjected to pre-treatment with the application of acidic compounds, i.e. sulphuric (SA) and acetic (AA) acids. The response, i.e. total sugar content and derivatives content is investigated depending on variables changed during hydrolysis: concentration of acid, process duration, temperature and the size of the biomass particles. After saccharification, the hydrolysates were analysed via HPLC. Total reducing sugars concentration was in the range of 0.1 – 15.53 g/LAmong the substances present in the hydrolysates, protein, peptides, hydroxybenzyl acid (HA), 5-HMF, furfural (FF), vanillin (V), vanillic acid (VA), formic acid (FA) and levulinic acid (LA) were found in the range of 0.44 – 9.05 g/L and determined as total derivatives concentration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the measurable effects of the research and deliver information about the statistically important parameters for the process course and relations between the variables.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Kucharska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edyta Słupek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

Removal of cyclohexane and ethanol from air in biotrickling filters inoculated with Candida albicans and Candida subhashii

Piotr Rybarczyk Milena Marycz Bartosz Szulczyński Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska Agnieszka Rybarczyk Jacek Gębicki
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | vol. 47 | No 1 | 26-34 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.136445
Keywords biofilm flow cytometry removal efficiency ethanol production biofiltration cyclohexane
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Abstract

This paper presents investigations on the removal of cyclohexane and ethanol from air in polyurethane- -packed biotrickling filters, inoculated with Candida albicans and Candida subhashii fungal species. Results on process performance together with flow cytometry analyses of the biofilm formed over packing elements are presented and discussed. The results indicate that the presence of ethanol enhances the removal efficiency of cyclohexane from air. This synergistic effect may be attributed to both co-metabolism of cyclohexane with ethanol as well as increased sorption efficiency of cyclohexane to mineral salt medium in the presence of ethanol. Maximum elimination capacities of 89 g m-3 h-1 and 36.7 g m-3 h-1 were noted for cyclohexane and ethanol, respectively, when a mixture of these compounds was treated in a biofilter inoculated with C. subhashii. Results of flow cytometry analyses after 100 days of biofiltration revealed that about 91% and 88% of cells in biofilm remained actively dividing, respectively for C. albicans and C. subhashii species, indicating their good condition and ability to utilize cyclohexane and ethanol as a carbon source.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Rybarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Milena Marycz
1
Bartosz Szulczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska
2
Agnieszka Rybarczyk
3
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology
  2. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology
  3. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk

Process control of air stream deodorization from vapors of VOCs using a gas sensor matrix conducted in the biotrickling filter (BTF)

Dominik Dobrzyniewski Bartosz Szulczyński Piotr Rybarczyk Jacek Gębicki
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 2 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.145900
Keywords biofiltration electronic nose biotrickling filter chemical sensors sensor matrix odorous compounds
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Abstract

This article presents the validity, advisability and purposefulness of using a gas sensor matrix to monitor air deodorization processes carried out in a peat-perlite-polyurethane foam-packed biotrickling filter. The aim of the conducted research was to control the effectiveness of air stream purification from vapors of hydrophobic compounds, i.e., n-hexane and cyclohexane. The effectiveness of hydrophobic n-hexane and cyclohexane removal from air was evaluated using gas chromatography as the reference method and a custom-built gas sensor matrix consisting of seven commercially available sensors. The influence of inlet loading (IL) of n-hexane and cyclohexane on the biotrickling filtration performance was investigated. The prepared sensor matrix was calibrated with use of two statistical techniques: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR). The developed mathematical models allowed us to correlate the multidimensional signal from the sensor array with the concentration of the removed substances. The results based on gas chromatography analyses indicated that the elimination efficiencies of n-hexane and cyclohexane reached about 40 and 30 g m-3 h-1, respectively. The results obtained using a gas sensor matrix revealed that it was possible not only to determine concentration reliably of investigated hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in the gas samples, but also to obtain results of a similar high level of quality as the chromatographic ones. A gas-sensor matrix proposed in this work can be used for on-line real-time monitoring of biofiltration process performance of air polluted with n-hexane and cyclohexane.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Dominik Dobrzyniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szulczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Rybarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland

Removal of cyclohexane vapors from air in biotrickling filters: Effects of gas mixture composition and circular economy approach

Piotr Rybarczyk Bartosz Szulczyński Dominik Dobrzyniewski Karolina Kucharska Jacek Gębicki
Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 4 (24th Polish Conference of Chemical and Process Engineering, 13-16 June 2023, Szczecin, Poland. Guest editor: Prof. Rafał Rakoczy) | e40 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2023.147399
Keywords biotrickling filtration cyclohexane volatile organic compounds surface tension circular economy
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Abstract

This work presents results of investigations on biotrickling filtration of air polluted with cyclohexane co-treated in binary, ternary and quaternary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mixtures, including vapors of hexane, toluene and ethanol. The removal of cyclohexane from a gas mixture depends on the physicochemical properties of the co-treated VOCs and the lower the hydrophobicity of the VOC, the higher the removal efficiency of cyclohexane. In this work, the performance of biotrickling filters treating VOCs mixtures is discussed based on surface tension of trickling liquid for the first time. A mixed natural – synthetic packing for biotrickling filters was utilized, showing promising performance and limited maintenance requirements. Maximum elimination capacity of about 95 g/(m 3·h) of cyclohexane was reached for the total VOCs inlet loading of about 450 g/(m 3·h). This work presents also a novel approach of combining biological air treatment with management of a spent trickling liquid in the perspective of circular economy assumptions. The waste liquid phase was applied to the plant cultivation, showing a potential for e.g. enhanced production of energetic biomass or polluted soil phytoremediation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Rybarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szulczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Dobrzyniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Kucharska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Narutowicza 11/12, Poland

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