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Advanced control of direct-driven PMSG generator in wind turbine system

Piotr Gajewski Krzysztof Pieńkowski
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2016 | vol. 65 | No 4 December | 643-656 | DOI: 10.1515/aee-2016-0045
Keywords wind turbine PMSG generator MPPT control pitch control simulation studies
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Abstract

The paper presents the advanced control system of the wind energy conversion with a variable speed wind turbine. The considered system consists of a wind turbine with the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), machine side converter (MSC), grid side converter (GSC) and control circuits. The mathematical models of a wind turbine system, the PMSG generator and converters have been described. The control algorithms of the converter systems based on the methods of vector control have been applied. In the advanced control system of the machine side converter the optimal MPPT control method has been used. Additionally the pitch control scheme is included in order to achieve the limitation of maximum power and to prevent mechanical damage of the wind turbine. In the control system of the grid side converter the control of active and reactive power has been applied with the application of Voltage Oriented Control (VOC). The performance of the considered wind energy system has been studied by digital simulation. The results of simulation studies confirmed the good effectiveness of the considered wind turbine system and very good performance of the proposed methods of vector control and control systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Gajewski
Krzysztof Pieńkowski

A Statistical Calibration Method of Propagation Prediction Model Based on Measurement Results

Jan M. Kelner Michał Kryk Jerzy Łopatka Piotr Gajewski
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2020 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 11-16 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2019.130259
Keywords calibration of propagation model empirical measurements path loss model propagation parabolic equation method radio environment map
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Abstract

Radio environment maps (REMs) are beginning to be an integral part of modern mobile radiocommunication systems and networks, especially for ad-hoc, cognitive, and dynamic spectrum access networks. The REMs will use emerging military systems of tactical communications. The REM is a kind of database used at the stage of planning and management of the radio resources and networks, which considers the geographical features of an area, environmental propagation properties, as well as the parameters of radio network elements and available services. At the REM, for spatial management of network nodes, various methods of propagation modeling for determining the attenuation and capacity of wireless links and radio ranges are used. One method of propagation prediction is based on a numerical solution of the wave equation in a parabolic form, which allows considering, i.a., atmospheric refraction, terrain shape, and soil electrical parameters. However, the determination of a current altitudinal profile of atmospheric refraction may be a problem. If the propagation-prediction model uses a fixed refraction profile, then the calibration of this model based on empirical measurements is required. We propose a methodology for calibrating the analyzed model based on an example empirical research scenario. The paper presents descriptions of the propagation model, test-bed and scenario used in measurements, and obtained signal attenuation results, which are used for the initial calibration of the model.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan M. Kelner
Michał Kryk
Jerzy Łopatka
Piotr Gajewski

Physical and soil water properties of technosols developed from lignite fly ash

Zbigniew Kaczmarek Agnieszka Mocek-Płóciniak Piotr Gajewski Łukasz Mendyk Jan Bocianowski
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | vol. 47 | No 2 | 95-102 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.137281
Keywords technosols technogenic soils fly ash physical and soil water properties reclamation
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of reclamation on selected soil water properties in soils developed from lignite fly ash, deposited as a dry landfill, twenty years after forest reclamation was initiated. Five soil profiles, classified as technogenic soils (Technosols) within the fly ash disposal site of the Adamów (central Poland) power plant, were selected for this study. Disturbed and undisturbed samples (V=100 cm3) were collected from depths of 5–15 cm and 30–60 in each soil profile. The following physical properties were determined: particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, soil moisture, hygroscopic water content, and the soil-water potential. Readily available water (RAW; difference of water content at pF=2.0 and at pF=3.7) and total available water (TAW; difference of water content at pF=2.0 and at pF=4.2) were calculated based on soil moisture tension (pF) values. The following chemical properties were determined: soil reaction, total organic carbon, total nitrogen content, carbonate content. Statistical analyses were conducted using the GenStat 18 statistical software package. The soils under study were characterized by very low bulk density, high total porosity, high field water capacity and maximum hygroscopicity. The RAW/TAW ratio values indicate very effective water retention in the soils, thereby ensuring a satisfactory water supply to the plants. However, statistical analysis did not show any clear trends in variability of any determined properties. The small differences in observed outcomes probably resulted from the original variability of the fly ash deposited on the studied landfill. Obtained results show the strong similarity of fly ash derived soils and Andosols in respect of physical and soil-water properties
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Kaczmarek
1
Agnieszka Mocek-Płóciniak
1
Piotr Gajewski
1
Łukasz Mendyk
1
Jan Bocianowski
1
  1. Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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