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Abstract

The aim of the statistical analyses carried out was to identify similarities and to point out differences between the various tributaries of the Narew River, to identify the factors and processes responsible for the transformations occurring in the aquatic environment and finally, to identify the main sources of pollution in the river catchment. For the purposes of statistical analysis, the results of studies conducted as part of diagnostic monitoring by the General Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in 2017–2018 were used. The studies included 8 measurement points located directly on the Narew River and 17 points located on its selected left and right tributaries. Analysis of the collected results indicates that the chemical condition of the water in the Narew catchment is assessed as being poor. This observation may be due to the fact that the Narew catchment is mainly used for agricultural purposes and, in addition, there is a relatively large number of potential anthropogenic sources. As part of the analysis, two potential sources of pollution affecting water quality in the Narew catchment were identified, which include surface run-off and treated wastewater inflow.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Ofman
1

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Technology in Environmental Engineering,15-351 Białystok, Wiejska 45E Str., Poland
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Abstract

In environmental matrices there are mixtures of parent drug and its metabolites. The majority of research is focused on the biological activity and toxic effect of diclofenac (DCF), there is little research on the biological activity of DCF metabolites and their mixtures. The study focused on the assessment of the biological impact of DCF, its metabolites 4’-hydroxydiclofenac (4’-OHDCF) and 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OHDCF) and their mixtures on E. coli strains. The biological effects of tested chemicals were evaluated using the following: E. coli K-12 cells viability assay, the inhibition of bacteria culture growth, ROS (reactive oxygene species) generation and glutathione (GSH) content estimation. Moreover, we examined the influence of the mixture of DCF with caffeic acid (CA) on E. coli cells viability. Our results showed the strongest impact of the mixtures of DCF with 4’-OHDCF and 5-OHDCF on E. coli SM biosensor strains in comparison to parent chemicals. Similar results were obtained in viability test, where we noticed the highest reduction in E. coli cell viability after bacteria incubation with the mixtures of DCF with 4’-OHDCF and 5-OHDCF. Similarly, these mixtures strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli culture. We also found synergistic effect of caffeic acid in combination with DCF on E. coli cells viability. After bacteria treatment with the mixture of DCF and its metabolites we also noted the strongest amount of ROS generation and GSH depletion in E. coli culture. It suggests that oxidative stress is the most important mechanism underlying the activity of DCF and its metabolites.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Matejczyk
1
Piotr Ofman
2
Katarzyna Dąbrowska
3
Renata Świsłocka
1
Włodzimierz Lewandowski
1

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok, Poland
  2. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
  3. Department of Microbiology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Atrazine (ATR) is a widely used chlorinated herbicide from the s-triazine group. Due to the widespread use of ATR, it leaks into the environment and is detected in drinking water, exceeding the WHO-acceptable concentration of atrazine in drinking water, which is 2 μg/L. The aim of our study was to determine toxicity, protein degradation and genotoxicity of ATR at concentrations of 10; 1; 0.1; 0.01 mg/L on Chlorella vulgaris and with the application of E. coli bioluminescent biosensor strains. We measured the content of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids in Chlorella vulgaris and the inhibition of this algae culture growth. E. coli RFM443 strains with gene constructs grpE:luxCDABE, lac:luxCDABE, recA:luxCDABE and E. coli strain MM294 trc:luxCDABE were used to determine toxicity, degradation of cellular proteins and genotoxicity. On the base of the obtained results, we concluded that ATR in the tested concentrations shows a toxic effect in relation to Chlorella vulgaris. ATR is toxic and genotoxic in E. coli RFM443 strains with grpE, lac, recA promoters and causes degradation of cellular proteins. Moreover, we have detected ATR toxicity toward the GFP protein in E. coli strain MM294-GFP. Taking into account the toxicity and genotoxicity of ATR documented in our research and in the experiments of other authors, we conclude that the presence of this herbicide in surface waters and drinking water is a serious threat to living organisms.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Matejczyk
1
Paweł Kondzior
1
Piotr Ofman
2
Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
3
Renata Świsłocka
1
Grażyna Łaska
4
Józefa Wiater
5
Włodzimierz Lewandowski
1

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok, Poland
  2. Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology,Bialystok, Poland
  3. Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Laboratory of Biotechnologyand Molecular Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
  4. Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management,Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
  5. Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineeringand Environmental Management, Bialystok, Poland

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