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Abstract

In this paper, a new lifting wavelet domain audio watermarking algorithm based on the statistical characteristics of sub-band coefficients is proposed. First of all, an original audio signal was segmented and each segment was divided into two sections. Then, the Barker code was used for synchronization, the LWT (lifting wavelet transform) was performed on each section, a synchronization code and a watermark were embedded into the first section and the second section, respectively, by modifying the statistical average value of the sub-band coefficients. The embed strength was determined adaptively according to the auditory masking property. Experiments show that the embedded watermark has better robustness against common signal processing attacks than present algorithms based on LWT and can resist random cropping in particular.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zhi Tao
He-ming Zhao
Jun Wu
Ji-hua Gu
Yi-shen Xu
Di Wu
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Abstract

In the present research, the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloys with different Ho addition were prepared. Their microstructure, compressive properties and oxidation behaviors were investigated preliminarily. The results exhibit that the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy has coarse microstructure which is mainly composed of Nb solid solution, Nb5Si3 and Ti5Si3 phases. The minor Ho addition could refine the microstructure and suppress the precipitation of Ti5Si3 phase. Moreover, the Ho addition also leads to the formation of Ho2Hf2O7, which prefers to precipitate along the Nbss/Nb5Si3 phase interface. Compared with the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy, the minor Ho addition improves the room-temperature and high-temperature compressive properties of the alloy. Its room-temperature compressive strength and ductility obtain the maximum value of 1825 MPa and 16.5% when the Ho content is 0.1 at.%. Moreover, its best compressive strength at 873 K, 1273 K and 1473 K is 1495 MPa, 765 MPa and 380 MPa, respectively, when the Ho addition is 0.1 at.%. The oxidation behavior of the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy is diversified with the Ho addition. The oxidation rate of the alloy with 0.1 at.% Ho addition is the lowest while the alloy with 0.2 at.% Ho addition is the highest. Therefore, the 0.1 at.% Ho would be the appropriate content for the Nb-Si-Ti-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf alloy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Qiaoli Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yinan Xiao
2
ORCID: ORCID
Di Wu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Fang Yang
ORCID: ORCID
L.Y Sheng
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Peking University, Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
  2. PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Jljun Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhuofan Zhong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hu Yongluan
ORCID: ORCID
Di Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Huafang Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, China

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