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Investigation on applying sapropel for removal of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc) from aqueous solutions

Ramunė Albrektienė-Plačakė Dainius Paliulis
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 55-64 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150552
Keywords sapropel; drinking water; heavy metals; adsorption
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Abstract

Sapropel is a layer of sediment composed of organic and inorganic substances that accumulates at the bottom of lakes. The water of such lakes often have elevated levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn, which can pose risks to human health. Sapropel may be used as a biosorbent in removing these heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Various doses of sapropel ranging from 1 to 50 g/L and different mixing times from15 to150 minutes have been tested. The maximum removal efficiencies for Cd (93%), Cr (31%), Cu (84%), and Zn (84%) from aqueous solutions were achieved using the minimum doses of sapropel (50 g/L). The study has shown that mixing sapropel for 15 minutes is sufficient for the removal of Cr, 30 minutes for Cd and Cu, and 60 minutes for Zn.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ramunė Albrektienė-Plačakė
1
Dainius Paliulis
2
  1. Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius TECH, Lithuania
  2. Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Vilnius TECH, Lithuania

Physicochemical properties of water in the Nida valley, Poland

Cong Ngoc Phan Andrzej Strużyński Tomasz Kowalik
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 42-54 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150551
Keywords physicochemical properties; principal component analysis; statistical method; Pearson correlationanalysis; The Nida valley;
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Abstract

The investigation of Nida Valley water aimed to assess fluctuations in physicochemical properties. In this study, environmental monitoring method was utilized to evaluate the changes in physicochemical properties of water. Over a 24-month period, from June 2021 to May 2023, a total of 228 water samples were collected from 10 sampling sites, with a monthly sampling frequency. Statistical analyses were utilized including the Shapiro–Wilk test (α = 0.05), Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxon (Mann–Whitney) rank sum test (α = 0.05), Pearson correlation analysis (α = 0.001) and principal component analysis (PCA). Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between months in GW samples for for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride, manganese, and zinc in GW samples and for T and DO in SW samples. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (α = 0.001) identified strong positive correlations within the SW dataset. Similarly, significant positive correlations were observed among the GW dataset. Noteworthy positive correlations were also detected between the GW and SW datasets. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a substantial dissimilarity between GW2 samples compared to others, characterized by elevated manganese, iron, and Sulfate content. Two distinct groups emerged: Group 1 included samples at GW1, GW2, GW3, GW5, and SW2, while Group 2 comprised all other samples. This study demonstrated the stability in the physicochemical properties of SW and underscore a discernible correlation between the hydrochemical compositions of both SW and GW in the riparian area. Outstanding characteristics in hydrochemical component of sample waters have been indicated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cong Ngoc Phan
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Strużyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Kowalik
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  2. Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Vinh University, Vietnam

A six-year measurement-based analysis of traffic-related particulate matter pollution in urban areas: the case of Warsaw, Poland (2016-2021)

Aleksandra Starzomska Joanna Strużewska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 75-84 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150554
Keywords PM2.5; pollution; PM10; traffic; air; transport;
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Abstract

This study used PM10 and PM2.5 measurements from the State Environmental Monitoring stations in Warsaw and its suburban areas. Analysis of variability characteristics at the traffic and urban background stations was carried out for 2016-2021. A six-year analysis (2016-2021) of air quality in Warsaw, Poland, focusing highlights the persistent impact of transportation on particulate matter concentrations. Comparing a city centre traffic station with urban background locations reveals consistently higher PM10 concentrations at the traffic station throughout the year, with an annual traffic-related increase of 12.6 μg/m³ (32%). PM2.5 concentrations at the traffic station are also consistently about 1.5 μg/m³ (7%) higher. For monthly averages, the highest PM10 concentrations at the traffic station were noted in March, which may be related to the resuspention of sand and salt left over from winter snow removalp rocesses. In the case of PM2.5, the typical annual cycle with maximum concentrations in winter and minimum concentrations in summer was not observed. Diurnal variability patterns show elevated PM10 concentrations at the traffic station from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., attributed to the resuspension process. PM2.5 patterns exhibit a smaller amplitude at the traffic station, with nighttime accumulation due to inflow. This study emphasizes the lasting impact of transportation on air quality, providing insights into pollution control strategies in urban areas.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Starzomska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Strużewska
1
  1. Institute of Environmental Protection—National Research Institute, Poland

Predicting air quality trends in Malaysia’s largest cities: the role of urban population dynamics and COVID-19 effects

Wong Ming Wong Shian-Yang Tzeng Hao-Fan Mo Wunhong Su
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 65-74 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150553
Keywords Air quality index; COVID-19; Malaysia; Cluster Analysis; Generalized Additive Mixed Model;
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Abstract

This paper aims to explore the relationship between the Air Quality Index (AQI), COVID-19 incidence rates, and population density within Malaysia’s ten most populous cities from January 2018 to December 2021. Data were sourced from the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the World Air Quality Index Project, and Our World in Statistics. The methodology integrated population-based city classification and AQI assessment, cluster analysis through SPSS, and Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) analysis using R Studio despite encountering a data gap in AQI for five months in 2019. Cities were organized into three clusters based on their AQI: Cluster One included Ipoh, Penang, Kuala Lumpur, and Melaka, Cluster Two comprised Kuantan, Seremban, Johor Bahru, and Kota Bharu, Cluster Three featured Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. GAMM analysis revealed prediction accuracies for AQI variations of 58%, 60%, and 41% for the respective clusters, indicating a notable impact of population density on air quality. AQI variations remained unaffected by COVID-19, with a forecasted improvement in air quality across all clusters. The paper presents novel insights into the negligible impact of COVID-19 on AQI variations and underscores the predictive power of population dynamics on urban air quality, offering valuable perspectives for environmental and urban planning.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wong Ming Wong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shian-Yang Tzeng
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hao-Fan Mo
3
ORCID: ORCID
Wunhong Su
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. International College, Krirk University, Thailand
  2. School of Economics and Management, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering, China
  3. JinWen University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
  4. 4School of Accounting, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China

Use of measurement results from a mobile laboratory in the diagnostics of anthropogenic environment - linear ordering of objects using the TOPSIS method

Elwira Zajusz-Zubek Zygmunt Korban
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 14-20 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150548
Keywords air quality; environmental monitoring; concentration of dust and gaseous pollutants; hazardous substances; ranking of "objects"; TOPSIS method;
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Abstract

The measurements of the concentrations of gaseous and dust pollutants in the anthropogenic environment are an important element of environmental monitoring and for determining directions of preventive activities in the field of health protection. The article presents the results involving the concentrations of suspended dust and gaseous pollutants in the outdoor air, which were recorded at three measuring stations of air quality in the Silesian and Opole voivodeships (Wodzisław Śląski, Zabrze, Kędzierzyn-Koźle). The results were supplemented with the values recorded by the mobile laboratory located at the Center for Continuing Education - Branch of the Silesian University of Technology in Rybnik. The research results were used for a synthetic assessment of the threat level to the anthropogenic environment. In the computational layer, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was employed, which is included in the group of methods for solving multi-criteria decision-making problems (Multi Attribute Decision Making).
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Authors and Affiliations

Elwira Zajusz-Zubek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zygmunt Korban
2
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Poland

Insights into bacterial diversity in industrial post-processing water from underground coal gasification (UCG) process

Łukasz Jałowiecki Jacek Borgulat Aleksandra Strugała-Wilczek Jan Jastrzębski Marek Matejczyk Grażyna Płaza
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 32-41 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150550
Keywords underground coal gasification process; post-processing wastewater; environmental engineering andmicrobiology;
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Abstract

This study represents the first culture-independent profiling of microbial diversity in post-processing wastewater from underground coal gasification (UCG) processes. Three types of post-processing wastewater, named W1, W2 and W3, were obtained from three UCG processes involving two types of coal and two gasification agents, namely oxygen-enriched air and oxygen. Very high concentrations of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phenol were detected in the wastewater, classifying it into the fifth toxicity class, indicating very high acute toxicity. The values for the Shannon (H), Ace and Chao1 indices in W2 were the lowest compared to their values in W1 and W3. The dominate phyla were Proteobacteria, contributing 84.64% and 77.92% in W1 and W3, respectively, while Firmicutes dominated in W2 with a contribution of 66.85%. At the class level, Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were predominant in W1 and W3, while Bacilli and Actinobacteria were predominant in W2. Among Bacilli, the Paenibacillus and Bacillus genera were the most numerous. Our results suggest that the main differentiating factor of the bacterial structure and diversity in the wastewater could be the gasification agent. These findings provide new insights into the shifting patterns of dominant bacteria in post-processing wastewater and illustrate the spread of bacteria in industrial contaminated wastewater.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Jałowiecki
1
Jacek Borgulat
1
Aleksandra Strugała-Wilczek
2
Jan Jastrzębski
3
Marek Matejczyk
1
Grażyna Płaza
4
  1. Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas,Katowice, Poland
  2. Department of Energy Saving and Air Protection, Central Mining Institute, Katowice, Poland
  3. Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
  4. Silesian University of Technology, Poland

Evaluation of sediment contamination by macro and microplastics in coastal waters of Southern Mediterranean: a case study of Annaba, Algeria, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Lakbar Chanez Djennane Rania Trea Fouzia Samar Faouzi Ouali Kheireddine
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 21-31 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150549
Keywords Plastic pollution; macroplastic; microplastic; Covid-19 pandemic; Gulf of Annaba; Mediterranean Sea;
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Abstract

Plastic pollution in the hydrosphere ranks among the most pervasive environmental issues since the inception of the plastic industry and its widespread use in our daily lives. Nowadays, numerous countries worldwide suffer from this pollution not only along coastlines but also in deep-sea ecosystems. Our study carried out in the Gulf of Annaba aims to assess the prevalence and spatial distribution of plastic waste. Sampling was conducted at four coastal sites: El Battah, Seybousse, Rizzi Amor, and Ain Achir, both before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The results reveal varying rates of macro and microplastic contamination, influenced by geographical differences, urban activities, and hydrodynamic factors. Moreover, the proportions of contamination depend on the types of waste. Furthermore, our study showed a clear divergence, particularly in two periods before and after the pandemic. Due to the lockdown, implemented in 2020, there was a marked decrease in the percentage of sediment plastic pollution, attributed to reduced human activity and partial cessation of industrial operations in these areas.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lakbar Chanez
1
Djennane Rania
1
Trea Fouzia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Samar Faouzi
2
Ouali Kheireddine
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Laboratory of Environmental Biosurveillance, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba 23000, Algeria
  2. University Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf 36000, Algeria

Analysis of output, component characteristics and management status of municipal solid waste on the Tibetan plateau

Wenwu Zhou Zeng Dan
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 93-100 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150556
Keywords municipal solid waste; Landfill treatment; Current situation analysis; Tibetan plateau;
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Abstract

This article describes the population of Xizang, the composition of municipal solid waste, and the distribution of municipal solid waste treatment facilities. With the development of Xizang's economy and tourism, the amount of municipal solid waste cleared and transported in Xizang has increased from 380,000 tons in 2003 to 692,200 tons in 2021, with an average annual growth rate of 4.56%. The proportions of kitchen waste, paper waste, and ash waste in the municipal solid waste components in Xizang have significantly decreased over the past 10 years. For example, the proportion of ash decreased from 22.83% in 2012 to 13.04% in 2021. Overall, recyclables such as paper, plastic rubber, textiles, glass, metal and wood and bamboo accounted for between 55.69% and 58.22% of the total municipal solid waste in Lhasa City. The disposal of municipal solid waste in Xizang was mainly through landfill. There are more than 130 landfill sites, 1 incineration plant, 5 pyrolysis pilot sites, 2 kitchen waste treatment plants, and more than 160 waste transfer stations for municipal solid waste disposal in Xizang. The designed daily disposal capacity of municipal solid waste is 3,768.4 tons per day.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wenwu Zhou
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zeng Dan
1
  1. School of Ecology and Environment ,Tibet University, Lhasa, China

Effects of copper and zinc on Microcystic aeruginosa growth and microcystins production

Benjun Zhou Weihao Xing
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 85-92 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150555
Keywords Cyanobacteria bloom; Heavy metals; Microcystins; Microcystic aeruginosa;
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Abstract

The cyanobacteria bloom is one of typical manifestations of eutrophication, yet the effects of heavy metals entering water on cyanobacteria bloom remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of copper and zinc ions on the growth of Microcystic aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and the production of microcystins (MCs) were investigated. The results showed that a Cu2+ concentration of 0.02 mg/L stimulated the growth of M. aeruginosa, while growth inhibition occurred at a Cu2+ concentration of 0.1 mg/L. The maximum value of MC-LR (167.74 μg/L) occurred at a Cu2+ concentration of 0.02 mg/L. In contrast, a Zn2+ concentration of 0.1 mg/L stimulated the growth of M. aeruginosa, whereas growth inhibition was observed at a Zn2+ concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The maximum MC-LR value of 130 μg/L appeared under control conditions. Moreover, the production of MC-LR increased as the growth of M. aeruginosa was inhibited with a Cu2+ concentration of 0.1 mg/L, whereas the production of MC-LR decreased as the growth of M. aeruginosa was stimulated with a Zn2+ concentration of 0.1 mg/L, compared to their respective controls.
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Authors and Affiliations

Benjun Zhou
1
Weihao Xing
1
  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, China

Investigations of optical and thermal properties of surface layers of Cd1−xBexTe samples by the photoacoustic method

Leszek Bychto Mirosław Maliński  Łukasz Chrobak Jacek Zakrzewski Mohammed Boumhamdi
Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 2 | e150186 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.150186
Keywords thermal parameters optical parameters surface layers photoacoustics
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Abstract

The work presents the results of a research on the photoacoustic spectra of thin surface layers of Cd1−xBexTe crystals formed by grinding and polishing their surfaces. As a result of matching the theoretical and experimental photoacoustic spectra, thermal and optical parameters of these layers were determined. Thermal parameters of the surface layers, such as thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, turned out to be much worse than the analogous parameters of the substrate. The increase in the optical absorption of surface layers for photon energies below Eg was also determined.

Eg was also determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Bychto
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mirosław Maliński 
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Chrobak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Zakrzewski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammed Boumhamdi
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Electronics and Computer Studies, Technical University of Koszalin, ul. Śniadeckich 2, Koszalin, Poland
  2. Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziądzka 5/7, 87-100 Torun, Poland

Laboratory investigations of sub-meter resolution telescope with segmented aperture dedicated to CubeSat platform

Paweł Knapkiewicz Tymon Janisz Grzegorz Charytoniuk Michał Partyka Tomasz Pozniak Damian Stefanow Jakub Chołodowski
Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 2 | e150604 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.150604
Keywords segmented optics CubeSat satellite Earth observations
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Abstract

In current CubeSat observation satellites, the main design constraint is the available space. Standards dictating the unit dimensions of the payload severely restrict the maximum aperture and focal length of the optical instrument. In this paper, the authors present the results of work to produce a novel DeploScope optical system for a CubeSat-type observation satellite with a segmented aperture of the primary mirror deployed in space. The telescope is designed for Earth observation and is expected to find its application in the military, precision agriculture or environmental disaster prevention. The work includes a detailed analysis of the segment aperture effect on image repeatability for different numbers of main mirror segments. Based on it, the optimal configuration of the optical model of the telescope with an aperture of 188.5 mm and a focal length of 1100 mm was selected. Based on this analysis, a so-called laboratory version of the telescope was built, providing the possibility of free correction of each segment of the primary mirror while maintaining a solid stable base for other components of the module. Imaging tests were carried out on the laboratory version of the instrument and the system was optimized for a version suitable for implementation in the payload structure of the microsatellite.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Knapkiewicz
Tymon Janisz
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Charytoniuk
Michał Partyka
Tomasz Pozniak
Damian Stefanow
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Chołodowski
ORCID: ORCID

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