Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the main diseases that affect the bean crop. The use of semisynthetic compounds for controlling anthracnose aims at providing a higher balance to the ecosystem and a lower environmental impact. Based on this context, the objective of this work was: a) to carry out the prospection of compounds such as Phenyl S Citral, Phenyl Se Citronellal, and Citral at concentrations of 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.0312, 0.0156, 0.0078, and 0.0039%, which were modified from the essential oil of citronella and lemongrass, for controlling C. lindemuthianum; b) to evaluate the initial performance of seedlings and treat the incidence of C. lindemuthianum in bean seeds with Phenyl S Citral and Phenyl Se Citronellal at concentrations of 0.125 and 0.0625%. Phenyl Se Citronellal at 0.5% controlled 100% of mycelial growth and Phenyl S Citral at 0.5 and 1% controlled more than 50% of mycelial growth of C. lindemuthianum. The treatment with Phenyl S Citral and Phenyl Se Citronellal did not affect the physiological quality of bean seeds while increasing seedling development when using the 0.0625% concentration of Phenyl Se Citronellal. Treatment with Phenyl Se Citronellal at both concentrations decreased the incidence of C. lindemuthianum infection.

The stress field of the roadway under multi-seam mining is complex due to multiple mining disturbances. The bolting control of the roadway under multi-seam mining has attracted wide concern. Moreover, conventional metal supporting materials in the coal rib are prone to sparks when shearer works, and new bolting materials are urgently needed. Taking a track roadway under multi-seam mining in China as the engineering case, the mining-induced stress field of the track roadway under multi-seam mining was investigated through numerical simulation and lab and field tests. The test evaluated the mechanical behaviour of FRP bolts and rebar bolts, as well as their anchorage performance under different conditions. Comparative analysis was conducted on the deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway under different bolting parameters to determine an optimised bolting scheme for the track roadway in the I011501 working face. The results show that the goafs and the remaining coal pillars in the overlying coal seams increase the stress in the track roadway in the I011501 working face, especially for the lower rib and roof. The tensile force of the 27 mm-diameter FRP bolt is 1.2 times that of the 22 mm-diameter rebar bolt. The shear strength of the full-length anchored FRP bolt is 70.8% higher than that of the end-anchored bolt. The peak stress of the full-length-anchored bolt is in the shallow coal and rock mass. The optimised bolting scheme of the track roadway subject to multi-seam mining is determined, and the cost of the optimised bolting scheme is lower by about 25.2%, as compared with the primary bolting scheme. Numerical simulation and field application results indicate that the optimised bolting scheme can significantly reduce the deformation and plastic failure of the track roadway in the I011501 working face, which is under multi-seam mining conditions.

The gas emission from the goaf generates gas in the upper corner of the working face, and the return airflow exceeds safe limits. The identification of the reasonable level of the high-long borehole is the key factor to ensure the effectiveness of its extraction. On-site test at the 2308 working face of Licun Coal Industry of Lu’an Chemical Industry Group, the development of coal overlying strata fracture was studied through derivation of theoretical and empirical formulae, physical similarity experiment, and UDEC numerical simulation: this was then combined with in-situ microseismic monitoring to obtain the distribution characteristics of mining overburden “falling zone” and “overbreak zone” under the actual working conditions, and accurately design the high-level long borehole end hole layer. The results show that the height of the falling zone is 17.5 m to 20.5 m, and the overbreak zone is 43.5 m to 49.5 m. When the hole position is between 25 m and 30 m in the middle and lower part of the overbreak zone, the flow and concentration of gas extracted by drilling are high, and the pure amount of gas extracted by a single hole is increased by 53% (on average). The investigation of pressure relief gas extraction shows that throughout the mining period, the average gas concentration in the return airway is maintained below 0.36%, and the average gas concentration in the upper corner is kept within 0.48% (effective gas control). The research proves the rationality of the arrangement of the high-level long borehole horizon in the working face and provides a reference for the design of the borehole horizon in the future gas drainage and control in the goaf.

This article addresses the issue of reducing carbon footprint in construction production. It focuses on the sources and factors of greenhouse gas emissions responsible for climate change. The construction sector plays a significant role in generating carbon footprint, both in the manufacturing of construction products within supply chains and during the execution of construction work on-site. The identified factors that influence carbon footprint throughout the lifecycle of a construction project and the life of a building are examined and analysed using the DEMATEL method. The research aims to identify causal relationships among factors that contribute to minimising carbon footprint in construction projects. The factors with the highest causal impact are identified in each phase of the building’s lifecycle, including Building Information Modelling (BIM), appropriate selection of construction products, and regulatory and financial incentives. The results of the analysis can be utilised to support decision-making processes aimed at reducing harmful emissions during project realisation and building operation.

The lateral oscillation behaviour of rope guided conveyances was so complicated that the rope guided hoisting system hasn’t been understood thoroughly so far. In this study, the CFD tool was used to obtain the aerodynamic force acting on the conveyance by writing a user-defined function (UDF), and then the oscillation behaviour of rope guided conveyances was investigated numerically by Matlab with the variation clearance between the guide sleeve and the guide rope. A non-smooth oscillation model of the rope guided conveyance was established by considering the clearance between the guide sleeve and the guide rope. Results show that the aerodynamic buffeting forces had a notable influence on the oscillation behaviour of rope guided conveyances during the conveyances passing each other. The lateral acceleration of the rope guided conveyances showed a minor change with the increase of the clearance. However, the oscillation amplitude of the conveyances manifested a positive correlation with the rope guide sleeve clearance.

In the present study, we address an important and increasingly relevant topic in mining safety and efficiency, namely the stability of open-pit bench slopes subjected to daily heavy truck cyclic loading. Specifically, we focus on the stability of Zhahanur open-pit slope (Inner Mongolia region, China) and investigate the potential role of daily heavy truck cyclic loading in bench slope instability. To this end, we incorporate a stress corrosion model into the particle flow code to develop a time-dependent deformation model of the rock. With the established model, we quantitatively analyse the effect of heavy truck cyclic loading on the bench slope stability. Our results support the hypothesis that daily heavy truck loading can cause gradual downward deformation of a rock mass, leading to slope instability. To validate our numerical modelling results, we compare and analyse them with in situ monitoring data. Our study demonstrates the significant impact of daily heavy vehicles on bench slope stability in open-pit mines and provides a practical tool for assessing the long-term stability of open-pit bench slopes and optimising mining operations.

The formation, migration and volume distribution of gas clouds, which are dominated by natural gas after oil and gas leakage, are the material basis of fire and explosion accidents on offshore platforms. Based on an offshore platform as the background, this paper conducts research on the gas cloud using numerical simulation method, the selection of different wind speeds, leak leakage rate of quality, wind direction and the direction angle, the leakage of gas diffusion behaviour simulation studies and its size distribution. There is a “coupling” effect on the volume value of 5% CH4 cloud between different wind speeds, leakage mass rates, and wind direction and leakage direction. When the wind speed is 13 m/s, the leakage mass velocity is 8 kg/s, and the included angle between wind direction and leakage direction is 180°, the “coupling” effect on the volume value of 5% CH₄ cloud increases significantly. The above research results can provide a reference for the reasonable division of process risk area, firewall design and quantitative risk assessment of fire and explosion of an offshore platform.

The article presents the results of research on the level of work safety culture, which is an important element influencing the organisational culture in mining enterprises. The article aims to measure the safety culture among managers in Polish hard coal mines. The assumed goal was achieved in the area of literature and empirical research. Research shows that the precise identification of hazards defined the thematic areas shaping safe working conditions in underground mines. The main part of the work was to survey 135 employees in 3 hard coal companies in Poland. The questionnaires were developed in cooperation with mining experts, and the 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate individual questions. This methodological approach identified the subjective feelings and experiences of employees for building appropriate attitudes and behaviours that shape the organisational culture. The use of a culture grid enabled the creation of seven thematic groups of safety areas related to the so-called referents of organisational culture. The result of the empirical research is to propose an approach for the transformation of safety culture in the selected area for mining companies. The approach uses the organisational culture grid to shape the attitudes and behaviours of employees, which identifies and designates weak areas, defining them as unsatisfactory and unacceptable, and being the key conclusion of the research.

Mining-induced sinkholes are a common feature in underground mines. Sinkholes usually disrupt mining operations and associated infrastructure when they occur. This paper presents a case study of the Lubambe copper mine, where nine (9) sinkholes have been reported on the eastern and southern limbs. The development of sinkholes has resulted in increased mining costs due to the closure of the 182 mL decline on the eastern limb and the 175 mL truck route on the southern limb. This study establishes the influence that poor ground formation, rock stability, geological structures, and inappropriate mining practices have on the formation of surface sinkholes. Assessment of ground condition was done by core logging, and borehole analysis was conducted using GEM4D-BasRock software to classify the rock mass quality based on RQD, RMR, Q-System and GIS. Assessment of the mining operational environment was focused on the effects of varying stope designs and sequencing on ground stability. Results of the study indicate that the formation of surface-induced sinkholes is attributed to historical mining in weak rock formation and weathered rock coupled with subsequent failure of unsupported stopes with stope height between 8 and 25 metres and less stand-up time of 7 days.

The strength of backfill is greatly influenced by its inclination angle and interlayer concentration. In order to study the influence of inclination angle and interlayer mass concentration on the strength of backfill, a group of layered cemented backfill with cement-sand ratio of 1:4, interlayer mass concentration of 66%, 67% and 68% and inclination angles of 0°, 10°, 20° and 30° were prepared by using tailings as aggregate. The uniaxial compression test was carried out to analyse the effect of interlayer mass concentration and inclination angle on layered cemented backfill. The crack propagation and energy change law of the specimen during compression were analysed by J-integral and energy conservation law. The relationship between the crack initiation and propagation and strain energy of two representative three-layer backfill specimens was analysed by numerical modelling. The results show that the increase in the layer number and the inclination angle of the backfill can weaken the strength of the backfill. In a certain range of inclination angles, the weakening coefficient of the backfill caused by the inclination angle is very consistent with the cosine value of the corresponding angle. Due to the release of crack energy and the existence of interface J integral, the uniaxial compressive strength of different mass concentration backfill is different at various positions. When the displacement reaches a certain value, the crack and strain energy no longer increase.

One of the techniques commonly applied today for deep foundation construction is based on self-drilling injection micropiles. Micropiles are structural elements intended primarily for reinforcing foundations and buildings, particularly under difficult terrain conditions. The goal of the tests presented herein is to inspect the fatigue resistance, strength and ductility of injection micropiles formed from 28Mn6 steel at loads significantly exceeding the values defined for the fatigue test in the requirements of the relevant European Assessment Document (EAD). The test results and the micropile bar strain model εM presented in this paper are primarily of interest to designers for the purposes of determining the fatigue resistance of steel micropiles, which find particular application in land degraded by mining activity that is characterised by frequent terrain vibration and mining-induced tremors. None of the R25N injection micropile bars failed during the fatigue resistance testing at 2·10⁶ cycles at a load F_u = 0.7·F_Re0.2 (under the yield strength of the 28Mn6 steel) as well as at F_u = 1.0·F_Re0.2 and F_u = 1.2·F_Re0.2, where the bars operated at the limit of and significantly above the load F_Re0.2 which results in stress at the yield point of the 28Mn6 steel. Furthermore, the bar tests conducted at static and cyclic loading demonstrated the high strength and good ductility of the 28Mn6 steel.