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Number of results: 45
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Abstract

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie powiązań między trzema poziomami rzeczywistości społecznej związanej z pracą i rodzicielstwem, tj.: makro – polityką państwa i koniunkturą gospodarczą, mezo – strukturą organizacyjną i sieciami społecznymi oraz mikro – indywidualnymi strategiami rodziców-pracowników w łączeniu obowiązków domowych i zawodowych. Proponujemy koncepcję solwatacji społecznej, która ilustruje „rozpuszczanie się” porządku prawnego narzuconego przez państwo w substancji społecznej i powoduje odmienność mikroracjonalnych strategii pracujących rodziców od założeń systemowych. Wskazujemy na sferę mezo, zoperacjonalizowaną jako kultura organizacyjna miejsca pracy i sieci społeczne rodziców. Zastanawiamy się, jakie są wpływy oczekiwań pracodawców i współpracowników na praktyki godzenia obowiązków rodzinnych i zawodowych przez jednostki.

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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Sarnowska
Paula Pustułka
ORCID: ORCID
Iga Wermińska-Wiśnicka
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Abstract

W polskiej socjologii panuje szereg nieporozumień wokół teorii aktora-sieci (ANT). Świetnie obrazuje to tekst An Invasion of Tricksters. Niniejszy artykuł jest odpowiedzią na jego zarzuty. Ambicje naszego tekstu wykraczają poza ukazanie błędów interpretacyjnych i innych niedostatków tego artykułu. Przede wszystkim konfrontujemy tu rożne strategie korzystania przez socjologów z ustaleń filozoficznych i omawiamy ich przydatność naukową. Dodatkowo oferujemy własną, wewnętrzną krytykę ANT.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Afeltowicz
Krzysztof Pietrowicz
Radosław Sojak
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Abstract

Artykuł prezentuje praktyki działania związane z politykami HIV/AIDS, wprowadzając emiczną kategorię lawirowania. Lawirowanie oznacza, z jednej strony, ciągłe weryfikowanie, negocjowanie i potwierdzanie możliwości działania oraz ich granic w danym polu. Z drugiej uwypukla aktywną stronę zaangażowania, działanie „mimo” i w kontekście przeciwności. Autorka opiera rozważania na badaniach jakościowych. Wykorzystując antropologiczną koncepcję światów polityki jako metodę analizy i rozumienia pojęcia polityki społecznej, demonstruje, jak owe polityki są przeżywane, negocjowane i podtrzymywane przez różnych aktorów społecznych. Polem analizy są działania związane z używaniem prezerwatywy w profilaktyce oraz praktyki podejmowane w kontekście ograniczonych środków finansowych na działania społeczne.

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Justyna Struzik
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Abstract

Artykuł ma na celu sportretowanie szczególnej grupy nowych mieszkańców wsi: osób, które po 1989 roku kupiły dawny dwór lub pałac ziemiański i traktują go przede wszystkim jako dom prywatny. Bazując na 17 wywiadach z 19 osobami, autorka szuka cech wspólnych łączących rozmówców, analizując ich doświadczenie biograficzne i funkcjonowanie jako właścicieli obiektu zabytkowego. Przedstawia ich motywacje, styl życia, postawy wobec ziemiańskiego dziedzictwa oraz członkostwo w szerszych środowiskach związanych z etosem ich grupy. Teoretyczną podstawę tekstu stanowią badania biograficzne, studia nad stylem życia i etosem.

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Anna Wylegała
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Abstract

Odpierając zarzuty polemistów, autor artykułu zwraca uwagę na dużą rolę jasności i precyzji pojęć w prowadzeniu polemik naukowych oraz wyjaśnia bronione przez siebie wcześniej stanowisko umiarkowanego konstruktywizmu w socjologii. W konkluzji przypisuje swym krytykom nie w pełni wyartykułowany irracjonalizm, który wynika, jego zdaniem, zarówno z fascynacji myślą społeczną Brunona Latoura, jak i z powierzchownej interpretacji Maksa Webera.

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Michał Kaczmarczyk
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Abstract

Celem artykułu jest próba określenia potencjału do krystalizacji grup interesu w partycypacyjnym zarządzaniu miastem. W pracy zarysowano podwaliny tego modelu oraz zwrócono uwagę, że wdrażanie przez samorząd paradygmatu partycypacyjnego oznacza włączenie we współrządzenie mieszkańców w odmiennymi oczekiwaniami. Wykorzystując dane Wrocławskiej Diagnozy Społecznej 2014, zidentyfikowano pięć potencjalnych grup interesu. Zdefiniowano także potencjał ich mobilizacji do wyrażania i obrony swoich interesów. Ustalono również, w jakim stopniu poziom zaangażowania obywateli w artykulację wspomnianych interesów wynika ze stylu życia, a jak dalece wpływa na to ulokowanie jednostek w strukturze społecznej. Końcowa część odpowiada na pytanie o koncyliacyjny i antagonistyczny potencjał wyodrębnionych orientacji, a także o przyszłość polityki miejskiej.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid Krysiński
Aneta Uss-Lik
Barbara Szczepańska
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Abstract

W artykule podjęto próbę systematyzacji sposobów konceptualizacji pojęcia kultury przez jej rzeczywistych i potencjalnych konsumentów. Rozumienie kultury traktujemy jako poznawczy element postawy, który jest powiązany z praktykami uczestnictwa w kulturze. Badania jakościowe, prowadzone w ramach ewaluacji Europejskiej Stolicy Kultury Wrocław 2016, pozwoliły zidentyfikować cztery odmienne sposoby rozumienia kultury, które określają nadawany jej sens, znaczenie oraz sposoby uczestnictwa. W konkluzjach omawiamy zasadnicze czynniki różnicujące podejście do kultury. Wskazujemy także, że skuteczna polityka zorientowana na zwiększanie uczestnictwa w kulturze nie może ograniczać się do tworzenia oferty, ale powinna uwzględniać także kształtowanie i upowszechnianie inkluzywnych sposobów rozumienia kultury.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Błaszczyk
Ewa Banaszak
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Abstract

Celem tekstu jest dyskusja z teoriami mówiącymi o tym, że dzisiejsze społeczeństwa nie są zdolne do integracji opartej na powszechnie podzielanych normach. Teza o „zaniku wspólnych sensów” daje obraz społeczeństwa jako agregatu jednostek lub skonfliktowanych grup. Jako kontrprzykład do takich konkluzji autor proponuje pojęcie norm średniego zasięgu. Zgodnie z prezentowanym ujęciem, takie normy mogą łączyć zróżnicowanych aktorów społecznych i być powszechnie uznawane. Wspólna normalność może być negocjowana oddolnie i niekoniecznie jest odgórnie narzucana przez różne formy władzy społecznej. Przykłady takich norm autor znajduje w rzeczywistości życia codziennego. Zalicza do nich normę niemarnowania żywności, regułę gościnności, szacunku dla żałoby, opiekuńczość wobec dzieci oraz dbanie o własne zdrowie.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ariel Modrzyk
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The species Halyomorpha halys (Stål), which is endemic in East Asia, was first detected in North America in 1996 and was probably introduced into Europe in 2008. The species is polyphagous. It consumes over 170 host plant species and significantly impacts crop production. In Greece the first recording of its presence was in 2014, when it was reported as a nuisance in houses in the region of Athens. The present study describes the systematic spread and damage of this invasive pest, including the first recorded identification in peach and olive cultivations in the prefecture of Imathia in central Macedonia, Greece. Sampling was carried out in representative peach and olive farms during July and August, 2018 and 2019 in which significant levels of fruit damage were recorded, especially during 2018. The population of the species was recorded throughout the winter seasons of 2018 and 2019 in which overwintering adults were systematically recorded in shelters and other constructions near fruit orchards. Given the dynamics of the species and its destructive impact on a wide range of host species, H. halys is expected to be a major pest. Additionally, considering that the prefecture of Imathia is the most important peach growing area of Greece, further studies of the presence and population dynamics of this species along with the establishment of particular management actions to control the population is imperative for the future protection of horticultural production in Greece.

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Authors and Affiliations

Petros Damos
Polyxeni Soulopoulou
Thomas Thomidis
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Abstract

The yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA), Sipha flava Forbes (Homoptera: Aphididae) is an invasive insect pest of many graminaceous plants which include cultivated crops, like sorghum, sugarcane, rice, maize and several species within non-cultivated genera e.g. Digitaria, Panicum, Paspalum, and Pennisetum. A survey conducted in the Kagera region indicated an infestation by YSA in nine sugarcane varieties grown. This pest causes damage to leaves leading to yellow, purple and red discoloration. This is the first report of YSA infestation in the Tanzanian sugarcane industry. Efforts to develop control measures are still in progress.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bonaventure January
Amry Yusufu
Fadhila Urassa
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Abstract

In this paper, it has been shown that any measuring process can be modeled as a process of sampling of signals. Also, a notion of a special kind of functions, called here functions with attributes, has been introduced. The starting point here, in the first of the above themes, is an observation that in fact we are not able to measure and record truly continuously in time any physical quantity. The measuring process can be viewed as going stepwise that is in steps from one instant to another, similarly as a sampling of signals proceeds. Therefore, it can be modeled as the latter one. We discuss this in more detail here. And, the notion of functions with attributes, we introduced here, follows in a natural way from the interpretation of both the measuring process as well as the sampling of signals that we present in this paper. It turns out to be useful.

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Andrzej Borys
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

We present here a few thoughts regarding topological aspects of transferring a signal of a continuous time into its discrete counterpart and recovering an analog signal from its discrete-time equivalent. In our view, the observations presented here highlight the essence of the above transformations. Moreover, they enable deeper understanding of the reconstruction formula and of the sampling theorem. We also interpret here these two borderline cases that are associated with a time quantization step going to zero, on the one hand, and approaching its greatest value provided by the sampling theorem, on the other

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Borys
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The paper depicts a complex, distributed information system aimed at promoting cybersecurity awareness at the national level. The system, that is built in accordance with the Act on National Cybersecurity, passed by the Polish Parliament, enables collecting and processing in near-real time available information on the security status of essential services and digital services and, also, provides for assessment of negative impact of the identified threats concerned with the provision of those services. Advanced access control and dissemination mechanisms, for secure information sharing within the system, are provided in order to aggregate distributed knowledge and use this information for online security risk analysis and for generation and distribution of early warnings.

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Marek Amanowicz
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Abstract

It is proposed to modernize the DVB-S2 standard by using AMMC (amplitude modulation of many components) signals instead of 8PSK (8-phase shift keying) and APSK (amplitude-phase shift keying) signals, and to modernize the DVB-S2 standard equipment by using the AMMC modulator and AMMC demodulator. Usage of AMMC makes it possible to reduce the symbol error rate in communication channel up to 52 times. The satellite digital video broadcast systems that apply signal-code constructions based on AMMC are characterized by a higher energy efficiency from 1 to 2.6 dB compared with signalcode constructions based on 8PSK and APSK.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ivan Horbatyi
Yevhen Yashchyshyn
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Abstract

In this paper the new synthesis method for reversible networks is proposed. The method is suitable to generate optimal circuits. The examples will be shown for three variables reversible functions but the method is scalable to larger number of variables. The algorithm could be easily implemented with high speed execution and without big consuming storage software. Section 1 contains general concepts about the reversible functions. In Section 2 there are presented various descriptions of reversible functions. One of them is the description using partitions. In Section 3 there are introduced the cascade of the reversible gates as the target of the synthesis algorithm. In order to achieve this target the definitions of the rest and remain functions will be helpful. Section 4 contains the proposed algorithm. There is introduced a classification of minterms distribution for a given function. To select the successive gates in the cascade the condition of the improvement the minterms distribution must be fulfilled. Section 4 describes the algorithm how to improve the minterms distributions in order to find the optimal cascade. Section 5 shows the one example of this algorithm.

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Andrzej Skorupski
Krzysztof Gracki
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Abstract

The article considers information technology for the realization of human communication using residual human capabilities, obtained by organizing text entry using mobile and auxiliary devices. The components of the proposed technology are described in detail: the method for entering text information to realize the possibility of introducing a limited number of controls and the method of predicting words that are most often encountered after words already entered in the sentence. A generalized representation of the process of entering text is described with the aid of an ambiguous virtual keyboard and the representation of control signals for the selection of control elements. The approaches to finding the optimal distribution of the set of alphabet characters for different numbers of control signals are given. The method of word prediction is generalized and improved, the statistical language model with "back-off" is used, and the approach to the formation of the training corpus of the spoken Ukrainian language is proposed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iurii V. Krak
Olexander V. Barmak
Ruslan O. Bahrii
Waldemar Wójcik
Saule Rakhmetullina
Saltanat Amirgaliyeva
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Abstract

A design of microwave installation for energy concentration on a surface of a heated object is proposed. In the installation a dipole lattice on the basis of a single-wire transmission line is used which is located inside of reflector in a form of specular parabolic conducting cylinder. The heated object is placed in the area of microwave energy concentration.

In the article a waveguide field of a surface wave in a reradiation mode is explored. The surface wave is reradiated by a group of vibrators coaxial with the waveguide wire. Results of experimental studies of field distribution along the waveguide operating in various modes are presented. The possibility of efficiency increase in reradiated field and its adjustment by contactless movement of reflector is shown.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Cieslik
Vladimir Kismereshkin
Ekaterina Ritter
Alexey Savostin
Dmitry Ritter
Nabi Nabiyev
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Abstract

Operational amplifies (op amps) are an integral part of many analog and mixed-signal systems. Op amps with vastly different levels of complexity are used to realize functions ranging from DC bias generation to high-speed amplification or filtering. The design of op amps continues to pose a challenge as the supply voltage and transistor channel lengths scale down with each generation of CMOS technologies. The thesis deals with the analysis, design and layout optimization of CMOS op amps in deep Submicron (DSM) from a study case. Finally, layout optimizations of op amps will be given, in which propose optimization techniques to mitigate these DSM effects in the place-and-route stage of VLSI physical design.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jun Shi
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Abstract

An useful electrochemical sensing approach was developed for norepinephrine (NE) detection based on semiconducting polymer (9-nonyl-2,7-di(selenophen-2-yl)- 9H-carbazole) and laccase modified platinum electrode (Pt). The miniature Pt biosensor was designed and constructed via the immobilization of laccase in an electroactive layer of the electrode coated with thin polymeric film. This sensing arrangement utilized the catalytic oxidation of NE to norepinephrine quinone. The detection process was based on the oxidation of catecholamine in the presence of enzyme – laccase. With the optimized conditions, the analytical performance demonstrated selectivity in a wide linear range (0.1–200x10-6 M) with a detection limit of 240 nM and a quantification limit of 365 nM. Moreover, the method was successfully applied for selective NE determination in the presence of interfering substances.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwia Baluta
Agnieszka Swist
Joanna Cabaj
Karol Malecha
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Abstract

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. has developed and utilized Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology for about 25 years. This paper presents our activities related to photonics and millimetre-waves, including also a relevant literature survey. First a short summary of the technology is given. Especially, the unique features of LTCC technology are described in more details. In addition, several examples have been given to show the validity of LTCC technology in these high-performance fields.

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Authors and Affiliations

Markku Lahti
Kari Kautio
Mikko Karppinen
Kimmo Keränen
Jyrki Ollila
Pentti Karioja
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Abstract

This paper presents some construction analysis and test results of a Free Space Optics system operating at the wavelength of 9.35 μm. In the system, a quantum cascade laser and a photoreceiver with mercury cadmium telluride photodetectors were used. The main parameters of these elements were discussed taking into account a data link operation. It also provides to determine a data range for various weather conditions related to scattering and scintillation. The results of numerical analyses defined the properties of currently available FSO technologies working in the near infrared or in the short infrared range of spectrum versus the performances of the developed system. The operation of this system was verified in three different test environments. The obtained results may also contain important issues related to the practical application of any FSO system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Mikolajczyk
Dariusz Szabra
Artur Prokopiuk
Krzysztof Achtenberg
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Wojtas
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Bielecki
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The paper contains a short literature review on the subject of special type of thin film structures with resistiveswitching memory effect. In the literature, such structures are commonly labeled as "memristors". The word "memristor" originates from two words: "memory" and "resistor". For the first time, the memristor was theoretically described in 1971 by Leon Chua as the 4th fundamental passive electronics element with a non-linear current-voltage behavior. The reported area of potential usage of memristor is enormous. It is predicted that the memristor could find application, for example in the domain of nonvolatile random access memory, flash memory, neuromorphic systems and so forth. However, in spite of the fact that plenty of papers have been published in the subject literature to date, the memristor still behaves as a "mysterious" electronic element. It seems that, one of the important reasons that such structures are not yet in practical use, is unsufficient knowledge of physical phenomena determining occurrence of the switching effect. The present paper contains a literature review of available descriptions of theoretical basis of the memristor structures, used materials, structure configurations and discussion about future prospects and limitations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Domaradzki
Damian Wojcieszak
Tomasz Kotwica
Ewa Mańkowska
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Abstract

Covering a wide area by a large number of WiFi networks is anticipated to become very popular with Internet-of-things (IoT) and initiatives such as smart cities. Such network configuration is normally realized through deploying a large number of access points (APs) with overlapped coverage. However, the imbalanced traffic load distribution among different APs affects the energy consumption of a WiFi device if it is associated to a loaded AP. This research work aims at predicting the communication-related energy that shall be consumed by a WiFi device if it transferred some amount of data through a certain selected AP. In this paper, a forecast of the energy consumption is proposed to be obtained using an algorithm that is supported by a mathematical model. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can automatically select the best WiFi network (best AP) that the WiFi device can connect to in order to minimize energy consumption. The proposed algorithm is experimentally validated in a realistic lab setting. The observed performance indicates that the algorithm can provide an accurate forecast to the energy that shall be consumed by a WiFi transceiver in sending some amount of data via a specific AP.

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Authors and Affiliations

Atef Abdrabou
Mohamed Darwish
Ahmed Dalao
Mohammed AlKaabi
Mahmoud Abutaqiya

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