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Abstract

This study aims to utilise Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data and Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) method to assess agricultural drought in West Papua, Indonesia. The data used in this study is monthly CHIRPS data acquired from 1996 to 2019, daily precipitation data recorded from 1996 to 2019 from the five climatological stations in West Papua, Indonesia located at Sorong, Fakfak, Kaimana, Manokwari, and South Manokwari. 3-month SPI or quarterly SPI are used to assess agricultural drought, i.e., SPI January–March, SPI February–April, SPI March-May, SPI April–June, SPI May–July, SPI June–August, SPI July–September, SPI August–October, SPI September–November, and SPI October–December. The results showed that in 2019 agricultural drought in West Papua was moderately wet to severely dry. The most severely dry occurred in September– December periods. Generally, CHIRPS data and SPI methods have an acceptable accuracy in generating drought information in West Papua with an accuracy of 53% compared with climate data analysis. Besides, the SPI from CHIRPS data processing has a moderate correlation with climate data analysis with an average R2 = 0.51.
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Bibliography

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BPS Provinsi Papua Barat 2019. Provinsi Papua Barat dalam angka 2019 [Papua Barat Province in figures 2019]. Manokwari. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua Barat. ISSN 2089-1563 pp. 527.
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WIDODO N. 2013. Analisis dan pemetaan indeks kekeringan meteorologis menggunakan data satelit TRMM dari 36 titik stasiun BMKG di Pulau Sumatera [Meteorological drought index analysis and mapping using TRMM satellite on Sumatera Island] [online]. Thesis. IPB University. [Access 10.02.2020]. Available at: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/67416.
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XIA L., ZHAO F., MAO K., YUAN Z., ZUO Z., XU T. 2018. SPI-based analyses of drought changes over the past. Journal of Remote Sensing. No. 10(171) p. 1–15. DOI 10.3390/rs10020171.
ZHU Q., LUO Y., ZHOU D., XU Y., WANG G., GAO H. 2019. Drought monitoring utility using satellite-based precipitation products over the Xiang River Basin in China. Journal of Remote Sensing. Vol. 11 p. 1–17. DOI 10.3390/rs11121483.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arif Faisol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Indarto Indarto
2
ORCID: ORCID
Elida Novita
2
Budiyono Budiyono
3

  1. University of Papua, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Jl. Gn. Salju, Manokwari, West Papua 98314, Indonesia
  2. University of Jember, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
  3. University of Papua, Faculty of Agriculture, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia
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Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate groundwater potability for the population through geochemical assessment methods on the example of aquifers in Krasnodar city. In 2016 and 2019, on the territory of Krasnodar city (Krasnodar region, Russian Federation), a detailed geochemical analysis of groundwater quality was performed based on a total of 6000 samples, 3000 samples per each year. Samples were taken from 30 wells located at depths of up to 450 m in the layers of Anthropogen and Neogene stages. Quantitative analysis of wells according to the average water quality parameters showed that in 15 wells, the water condition met the MAC (maximum allowable concentration) standards in all layers. Water abundance between the layers of the Quaternary and Cimmerian stages is seven times as different (p ≤ 0.001) towards the latter, the hardness between the same horizons is ten times as different (p ≤ 0.001) towards the Quaternary stage and three times as different (p ≤ 0.05) in terms of solid residue. Thus, the water hardness and water abundance index vary significantly between the vertical layers. A strong positive correlation between the solid residue and the hardness values (Pearson correlation 0.93, p ≤ 0.05), and a negative correlation between water abundance and solid residue values (Pearson correlation –0.83, p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the hardness and water abundance values (Pearson correlation –0.81, p ≤ 0.05) was recorded. These findings can be used for regions with similar deposits of rocks and aquifers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abdugani Azimov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Larisa Nekrasova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dmitry Gura
3 4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Research Laboratory: Adsorption and Filtration Purification of Gases and Liquids, 5 Tauke khan Avenue, 160012 Shymkent, Kazakhstan
  2. Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
  3. Kuban State Technological University, Department of Cadastre and Geoengineering, Kuban, Russia
  4. Kuban State Agrarian University, Department of Geodesy, Kuban, Russia
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Abstract

Knowledge of the quantity and quality of groundwater is a prerequisite to encourage investment in the development of a region and to consider the sedentarisation of populations. This work synthesises and analyses data concerning the chemical quality of the available water acquired in the Foum el Gueiss catchment area in the Aures massif. Two families of waters are observed, on the one hand, calcium and magnesian chlorated-sulphate waters and on the other hand, calcium and magnesium bicarbonate waters. Multivariate statistical treatments (Principal Component Analysis – PCA and Discriminant Analysis – DA) highlight a gradient of minerality of the waters from upstream to downstream, mainly attributed to the impact of climate, and pollution of agricultural origin rather localised in the lower zones. These differences in chemical composition make it possible to differentiate spring, well and borehole waters. The main confusion is between wells and boreholes, which is understandable because they are adjacent groundwater, rather in the lower part of the catchment area. The confusion matrix on the dataset shows a complete discrimination with a 100% success rate. There is a real difference between spring water and other samples, while the difference between wells and boreholes is smaller. The confusion matrix for the cross-validation (50%).
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Authors and Affiliations

Somia Lakhdari
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Slimane Kachi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vincent Valles
3
ORCID: ORCID
Laurent Barbiero
4
ORCID: ORCID
Belgacem Houha
2
ORCID: ORCID
Suzanne Yameogo
5
ORCID: ORCID
Meryem Jabrane
6
ORCID: ORCID
Naouel Dali
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University 8 May 1945, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences and Universe, Department Ecology and Environment, P.O. Box 401, Guelma, 24000, Algeria
  2. Abbes Laghrour University, Department of Ecology and Environment, Khenchela 40004, Algeria
  3. Avignon University, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, Mediterranean Environment and Modeling of Agro-Hydrosystems, Avignon, France
  4. The National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse University, Midi-Pyrénées Observatory, UMR 5563, Géoscience Environement Toulouse, Toulouse, France
  5. Ouagadougou University Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
  6. Mohammed V University, Faculty of Sciences, Geoscience, Water and Environment Laboratory, Rabat, Morocco
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Abstract

A study of scour downstream of free hydraulic jump in stilling basin of stepped spillways was carried out. This paper employed an experimental study to investigate the stepped spillway with the movable bed material of D50 = 3.1 mm. The effect of the contraction ratio of the stepped spillway was highlighted. Different downstream divergent angle was studied to minimise the scour depth, the results showed that the relative scour depth was reduced by 23% for divergent angle is equal to 170°, different shapes of buffer in stilling basin were also studied to reduce the scour depth where the considered buffer decrease the relative scour depth up to 84%. This study was simulated by Flow 3D program to analyse the scour hole formed using velocity vectors at the bed. The simulated results well agreed with the measured data.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Tarek H. Nasralla
1

  1. Benha University, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, 13512, Benha, Qalubiya, Egypt
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyse the spatio-temporal evolution of hydro-rainfall variables in the Agnéby watershed in a disturbed climatic context. Rainfall data from the stations of Arrah, Bongouanou, M’Batto, Akoupé, Céchi, Agboville, Adzopé, Sikensi, Abidjan Airport and Dabou as well as hydrometric data from the stations of Agboville, Offoliguié, M’Bessé and Guessiguié were used. The methodological approach is based on the application of independence and trend tests and spatio-temporal analysis of daily rainfall maxima, duration of consecutive rainfall events, number of rainfall events above a threshold and daily flow maxima. The hypothesis of independence justified the relevance of the choice of variables. The trend test showed the dynamic upward evolution of extreme rainfall and the decrease in the duration of consecutive rainy episodes, in the number of rainy episodes and in the flows feeding the main watercourse. Moreover, spatial analysis of daily maximum rainfall amounts above 120 mm, consecutive maximum rainfall amounts above 160 mm and Gumbel rainfall amounts above 190 mm indicated heavy rainfall in the southern part of the watershed. However, a decrease in rainfall is recorded in the areas covered by the stations of Arrah, Bongouanou, M’Batto, Ce chi and Akoupé. An increase in the flood flow calculated from the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) between 76.60 m3∙s–1 and 225.70 m3∙s–1 is presented in the main river. The spatio-temporal variation in annual rainfall heights showed a high rainfall in the southern part of the watershed with a decrease in rainfall over the decades (1976–1985 and 1996–2005) followed by an increase over the decades (1986–1995 and 2006–2015). Despite the general decrease in rainfall, extreme rainfall has become frequent, causing flooding in the watershed.
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Authors and Affiliations

N’Da Jean Claude Konin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yao Alexis N’go
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gneneyougo Emile Soro
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bi Tié Albert Goula
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Université Nangui Abrogoua, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Gestion de l’Environnement, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement, 02 BP 801 Abidjan, Ivory Coast
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Abstract

The article discusses the valuation of ecosystem services in connection with the economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone. It also considers the categories of ecosystem services in general and the assessment of ecosystem services in the Arctic in particular. The article also considers types of negative impacts on the Arctic ecosystems, their assessment, and investment risks existing in ecosystem services. It is shown that the application of the methodology and ecosystem services contributes to the adequate assessment and creation of a hierarchical classification of “usefulness” and “benefits” for society derived from the existence, use, and non-use of ecosystems. The concept of Arctic ecosystem services consists of three components: identification, monetisation, and ecological risk assessment. Identification, classification, and initial assessment, mainly at the qualitative level, allow us to determine and classify services for further improvement of life quality and regulation of socio-economic effects of environmental changes. Quantitative assessment is related to the identification of the degree of ecosystem service amenability. The example of the Arctic ecosystems shows that the possibility to assess and the accuracy of the assessment can be quite different and largely depends on the type of service. The analysis of possible ecosystem services and their relationship with the quality of life in the Russian Arctic indicates significant investment risks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Evgeny Abakumov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Azamat Suleymanov
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yuriy Guzov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Victor Titov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angelina Vashuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elena Shestakova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irina Fedorova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Saint Petersburg State University, 16 line 29 Vasilyevskiy Island, 199178, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  2. Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia
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Abstract

Monitoring activities on the dynamics of water shrinkage at Lake Limboto are essential to the lake’s ecosystem’s recovery. A remote sensing technology functions to monitor the dynamics of lake inundation area; this allows one to produce a comprehensive set of spatial and temporal data. Such complex satellite dataset demands extra time, greater storage resources, and greater computing capacity. The Google Earth Engine platform emerges as the alternative to tackle such problems. The present study aims to explore the capability of Google Earth Engine in formulating spatial and temporal maps of the inundation area at Lake Limboto. A total of 345 scenes of Landsat image on the study area (available during the period of 1989–2019) were involved in generating a quick inundation area map of the lake. The whole processes (pre-processing, processing, analysing, and evaluating) were automatized by using the Google Earth Engine interface. The evaluation of mapping result accuracy indicated that the average score of F1-score and Intersection over Union (IoU) was at 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. Moreover, the mapping results of the lake’s inundation area from 1989 to 2019 showed that the inundation area tended to decrease significantly in size over time. During the period, the lake’s area also shrank from 3023.8 ha in 1989 to 1275.0 ha in 2019. All in all, the spatiotemporal information about the changes in lake area may be treated as a reference for decision-making processes of lake management in the future.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rakhmat Jaya Lahay
1
ORCID: ORCID
Syahrizal Koem
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Department of Earth Science and Technology, B.J Habibie Street, Bone Bolango, 96183, Gorontalo, Indonesia
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Abstract

Article deals with a fractional and chemical composition of sediments from the sediment reservoir in Ilyash village, Ferghana region, Uzbekistan (Syr Darya river basin) and analyses their feasibility. As a key factor in the study of this process was considered the fractional and agrochemical composition of sediments moving with water in the sediment reservoir, and the change of their share in the water along the length of the reservoir. The main composition of the sediments in reservoir consists of fractions >0.25 and 0.25–0.01 mm, with the average fraction of 69% in the inlet and 60% in the outlet. The river sediments are rich in minerals important for the irrigated cropland. Based on the results we conclude that it is possible to regulate the number of chemical compounds in the water by controlling the exploitation regime of reservoir and the sedimentation process in it.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tatiana Kaletova
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Aybek Arifjanov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Luqmon Samiev
2
ORCID: ORCID
Farrukh Babajanov
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
  2. Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Uzbekistan
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Abstract

The article describes the development of a model problem for electrocoagulation treatment of industrial wastewater taking into account changes in voltage and current. The study included computer simulation of the change in the concentration of iron at the output of the electrocoagulator at variable current levels. The laboratory-scale plant was developed for the photocolorimetric analysis of the iron-containing coagulant. It consisted of a flowing opaque cell through which water is pumped with a constant flow and also the block for processing and storage of information. Such structure allows to reduce human participation in the measurement process and to ensure the continuity of measurement without any need for sampling of the tested material, as well as to reduce the measurement cost. During the processing of results, graphical dependences were determined between RGB-components of water colour and the corresponding concentration of total iron and Fe3+ in water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrii Safonyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ivanna Hrytsiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marko Klepach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maksym Mishchanchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andriy Khrystyuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Automatics, Cybernetics and Computer Engineering, Soborna St, 11, Rivne, Rivnens’ka oblast, 33028, Ukraine
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Abstract

The article discusses the role of the soil aggregate structure in quantifying the marginality and specialisation axes of the ecological niche of the micromollusc Vallonia pulchella (Muller 1774) that inhabits technosols. The experimental polygon consisted of 105 samples located within 7 transects (15 samples each). The distance between rows of sampling points was 3 m. The average density of V. pulchella was 1393 ind.∙m–2. The soil aggregate fraction of 1–5 mm was found to be predominant within the technosol. The spatial variation of aggregate fractions was characterised by a moderate level of the spatial dependence. It was impossible to choose an adequate covariance model from among the traditional ones to interpolate the spatial variation of aggregate fractions, and only the Matérn model was best suited. The axis of marginality and specialisation of the V. pulchella ecological niche projected in soil aggregate fractions was significantly different from a random alternative. The ecological niche of the V. pulchella was presented by integral variables, such as the axis of marginality and specialisation, which were the basis to build a map of the spatial variation of the habitat suitability index. The marginality of the V. pulchella ecological niche correlates with soil penetration resistance indicators at depths ranging from 0–5 to 20–25 cm, soil humidity, acidity, and aeration. The specialisation correlates with the soil mechanical impedance at 25–35 cm, nitrogen content, and the soil acidity regime.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ava Umerova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olexander Zhukov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadezhda Yorkina
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Hetmanska st., 20, 72318, Melitopol, Ukraine
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Abstract

Brain research is enabling us to stretch the very limits of human cognition. However, exploring the mysteries of the brain has limits of its own, many of which we are still struggling to overcome.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Durka
1
Krystian Dereziński
2

  1. Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw
  2. Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
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Abstract

On the difference between environmental and climate migration and the reasons why migrants should be treated as active agents, rather than passive victims.
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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Orłowska
1
Karolina Sobczak-Szelc
2

  1. Unit of Socioeconomic Effects of Climate Change, National Center for Climate Change
  2. Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw
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Abstract

Kazimiera Szczuka talks about the late Prof. Maria Janion – a humanistic visionary, a revolutionary scholar of Romanticism, and a modest “maestra” in the eyes of her students.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kazimiera Szczuka
1

  1. Institute of Literary Research, Polish Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

We are setting new sports records and conquering space, but are helpless against climate change and new viruses. Prof. Andrzej W. Ziemba talks about the human body’s abilities.
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Andrzej W. Ziemba
1

  1. Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

What are the limits of species distribution in biogeography? How do we reconstruct them for organisms that lived in the past, and how do we study them today? How have the ranges of species changed, and why is this knowledge so important to us?
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Adam Boratyński
1

  1. Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik
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Abstract

The distribution of lignite deposits in Poland turns out to be closely related to tectonic boundaries and the occurrence of salt deposits. What mechanism underlies the connection between these elements?
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Paweł Urbański
1
Jacek Kasiński
1

  1. Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute

Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Kasia
1

  1. Department of Culture Theory, Faculty of Management of Visual Culture, Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
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Abstract

What is a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) benchmark, and what role does it play in delineating geological boundaries?
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Andrzej Wierzbowski
1

  1. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw
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Abstract

The boundaries of humanity are the ideas that trace out the very limits of what we call human, together with the attendant values, duties, and categories. To understand these better, we first need to scrutinize the two underlying concepts: the notion of boundary and the notion of a human being.
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Joanna Hańderek
1

  1. Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University
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Abstract

Human rights provide the rationale behind the functioning of the state, while at the same time imposing certain limits on its actions. How does Poland’s Constitution protect the rights of individuals, and what limitations come into play in the state–citizen relationship?
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Mirosław Wyrzykowski
1

  1. Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw
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Abstract

Orchids are a fascinating world unto themselves, featuring incredible diversity of species, myriad forms and dazzling colors. At the same time, orchids are among the least explored groups of plants, with much work left to be done on their careful classification and study. How should different orchid species be distinguished, and how should the boundaries between different genera be delineated?
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Kolanowska
1 2

  1. Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Poland
  2. Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Brno, Czechia
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Abstract

Modern technologies have helped us push the boundaries of geology and begin exploration of other planets. Great strides have been made in the study of Mars, which is slowly yielding up its secrets.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Gaidzik
1
Justyna Ciesielczuk
1
Monika Fabiańska
1
Magdalena Misz-Kennan
1
Pádhraig S . Kennan
2

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice
  2. University College Dublin, Ireland

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