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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an ohmic heating (OH) process with different electric field intensities on Listeria monocytogenes inactivation in protein-enriched cow milk. Protein powder was added at rates of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% in 1.5% fat content milk, and L. monocytogenes (ATCC 13932) strain was then inoculated into the samples. The OH process was carried out in a laboratory-type pilot unit created using stainless steel electrodes, a K-type thermocouple, a datalogger and power supply providing AC current at 0-250 V, 10 A. The inoculated milk samples were heated to 63°C by applying an electric field intensity of 10V/cm and 20V/cm. L. monocytogenes counts, pH, color measurement and hydroxymethylfurfurol levels were then determined. OH applied with an electric field intensity of 10 V/cm caused an average decrease of 5 logs in L. monocytogenes level in the samples containing 2.5% protein and decreased below the detection limit (<1 log) at the 9th minute (p<0.05). Similarly, application of an electric field intensity of 20 V/cm in milk containing 2.5% and 5% protein caused the L.monocytogenes level to decrease below the detection limit (<1 log) at 2 minutes 30 seconds (p<0.05). No change was observed in the L* (brightness) values of the samples but it was determined that there was a slight increase in pH, a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values compared to the control group. It was observed that the inactivation of L. monocytogenes by OH depends on the duration of the OH process, protein concentration in the milk and the applied voltage gradient.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

R.Y. Ayyıldız
1
H.A. Kahraman
2

  1. Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
  2. Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimycobacterial activity of 39 free terpenes and their activity in combination with streptomycin. Antimicrobial activity was first evaluated by screening 39 free terpenes at concentrations from 1.56 to 400 μg/mL. None of these exhibited positive effects against any of the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains tested. However, six of the 39 terpenes (isoeugenol, nerol, (+)-α-terpineol, (1R)-(−)-myrtenol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, and eugenol) were shown to enhance the activity of streptomycin against the NTM strains isolated from diseased ornamental fish.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Guz
1
K. Puk
1
D. Szwajgier
2
A. Pastuszka
1

  1. Department of Biology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
  2. Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Avian gastric yeast ( Macrorhabdus ornithogaster) is a microorganism that infects aviary birds worldwide, both captive and wild. A total number of 352 birds, belonging to 18 avian species, were examined from 2019 to 2022 for M. ornithogaster, using fecal smears of live birds or cytological samples of the proventriculus taken at necropsy. These cytological samples were taken from birds that died from different causes. Some of the birds exhibited symptoms such as lethargy, regurgitation, weight loss and anorexia. Faecal samples were collected from all the birds and analysed for gastric yeast using a direct smear and Gram-staining method. The microorganism was diagnosed most frequently in budgerigars (55.5%), the African gray parrot (33.3%), and nymphs (34.3%). The prevalence of M. ornithogaster in canaries was 10%. The infection was detected in 31% of the examined birds, which shows that the occurrence of M. ornithogaster in exotic birds is common. No clinical signs were observed in the vast majority of birds that tested positive for gastric yeast.
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Authors and Affiliations

B. Blagojević
1
I. Davidov
1
A. Galfi Vukomanović
1
D. Tekić
4
M. Došenović Marinković
2
V. Vidović
3

  1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
  2. Academy of Applied Studies Šabac, Dobropoljska 5, 15000 Šabac, Serbia
  3. Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put doktora Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
  4. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
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Abstract

This study aimed to develop an equine-derived hyperimmune serum against SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate its efficacy as a potential immunotherapy tool for the treatment of known and potential variants of COVID-19 in preclinical trials.
The novelty of this study is the whole virus and ALUM gel adjuvant formula. The horses were immunized using a whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen, and the final purified hyperimmune serum showed high plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT 50) neutralizing titers. The efficacy of the hyperimmune serum was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically in the lungs, hearts, and serum of K18 hACE2 transgenic mice (n=45), which is an accepted model organism for SARS-CoV-2 studies and was challenged with live SARS-CoV-2.
Serum treatment improved the general condition, resulting in lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood plasma, as well as reduced viral RNA titers in the lungs and hearts. Additionally, it reduced oxidative stress significantly and lessened the severity of interstitial pneumonia in the lungs when compared to infected positive controls.
The study concluded that equine-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be used for COVID-19 prevention and treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease and in combination with antiviral drugs and vaccines. This treatment will benefit special patient populations such as immunocompromised individuals, as specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can neutralize the virus before it enters host cells. The rapid and cost-effective production of the serum allows for its availability during the acute phase of the disease, making it a critical intervention in preventing the spread of the disease and saving lives in new variants where a vaccine is not yet developed.
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Authors and Affiliations

E.A. Onen
1
E.K. Demirci
2

  1. Kocak Pharmaceutical Company, Biotechnology and Vaccine R&D, Tekirdag, Turkey
  2. Histology and Embryology Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine,Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract

Vibrio species are common inhabitants of aquatic environments and have been described in connection with fish and human diseases.
Six Vibrio species were isolated from diseased freshwater and ornamental fish in Poland. The strains were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) as V. albensis (n=3) from Gymnocephalus cernua, Sander lucioperca, Paracheirodon innesi, and Xiphophorus hellerii; V. mimicus (n=1) from Xiphophorus maculatus; and V. vulnificus (n=1) from Nematobrycon palmeri. This is the first time that Vibrio species have been isolated and described from ornamental fish in Poland. The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (83.3%), gentamicin (16.6%), ciprofloxacin (16.6%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (16.6%), and chloramphenicol (16.6%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was 0.00-0.08 for V. albensis, 0.17 for V. mimicus, and 0.33 for V. vulnificus.
Our study confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in freshwater and ornamental fish. Therefore, further monitoring of the presence of Vibrio species, mainly in ornamental fish, is necessary.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Pastuszka
1
L. Guz
1
K. Michalak
2
D. Pietras-Ożga
2
K. Puk
1

  1. Department of Biology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
  2. Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are important tick-borne rickettsial diseases of medical and veterinary importance that cause economic losses in livestock. In this study, the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated in ticks collected from sheep in various farms in Van province, which is located in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The ticks used in this study were collected by random sampling in 26 family farm business in 13 districts of Van province. A total of 688 ticks were collected from 88 sheep and 88 tick pools were created. All ticks identified morphologically as Rhipicephalus bursa. Phylogenetic analysis of Chaperonin and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed A. ovis, E. canis and E. chaffeensis in this study. Of the 88 tick pools tested, 28.41% (25/88) were positive for at least one pathogen. Anaplasma DNA was detected in five of the 88 pools (5.68%), E. canis DNA was detected in 19 of the 88 pools (21.59%), and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in one of the 88 pools (1.14%) of R. bursa ticks. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of A. ovis, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in R. bursa ticks collected from sheep in Turkey. Further studies are needed to investigate other co-infections in sheep in Turkey.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Ayan
1
B. Aslan Çelik
2
Ö.Y. Çelik
3
Ö. Orunç Kılınç
4
G. Akyıldız
5
A.B. Yılmaz
6
D.N. Sayın İpek
7
Ö. Oktay Ayan
8
A.R. Babaoğlu
9

  1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  4. Özalp Vocational School, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
  5. Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
  6. Faculty of Health, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  7. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
  8. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  9. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Abstract

The trapezius muscle (TRAP) belongs to the scapulothoracic group of muscles, which play a crucial role in the integrity and strength of the upper limb, trunk, head, and neck movements and, thus, in maintaining balance. Combined retrograde tracing (using fluorescent tracer Fast Blue, FB) and double-labelling immunohistochemistry were applied to investigate the chemical coding of motoneurons projecting to the porcine TRAP. FB-positive (FB+) motoneurons supplying the cervical (c-TRAP) and thoracic part (th-TRAP) of the right (injected with the tracer) TRAP were located within the IX-th Rexed lamina in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the grey matter of the spinal medulla. Immunohistochemistry revealed that nearly all the neurons were cholinergic in nature [choline acetyltransferase (CHAT)- or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT)-positive]. Many retrogradelly labelled neurons displayed also immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; approximately 68% of FB+ neurons). The smaller number of nerve cells (5%, 3%, 2% or 1%, respectively) stained for nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP). The retrogradely labelled neurons were closely apposed by nerve fibres expressing immunoreactivity to CHAT, VACHT, CGRP, SP, DβH, VIP, n-NOS, NPY, GAL, Leu-Enk and Met-Enk. Taking into account the clinical relevance of TRAP, the present results may be useful in designing further research aimed at the management of various dysfunctions of the muscle.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dudek
1
W. Sienkiewicz
1
E. Lepiarczyk
2
J. Kaleczyc
1

  1. Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  2. Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum,University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract

Our main aim was to investigate the predictive value of prepartum behaviors such as total daily rumination (TDR), total daily activity (TDA) and dry matter intake (DMI) as early indicators to detect cows at risk for hyperketonemia (HYK), hypoglycemia (HYG) or high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) status in the first (wk1) and second week (wk2) postpartum. In a case control study, 64 Holstein cows were enrolled 3 weeks before the expected time of calving and monitored until 15 days in milk (DIM). Postpartum blood samples were taken at D3 and D6 for wk1 and at D12 and D15 for wk2 to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA and glucose concentration. Ear-mounted accelerometers were used to measure TDR and TDA. DMI and milk yield were obtained from farm records. Relationships between the average daily rate of change in prepartum TDR (ΔTDR), TDA (ΔTDA), and DMI (ΔDMI) with postpartum HYK, HYG and NEFA status in wk1 and wk2 post-partum were evaluated using linear regression models. Models were adjusted for potential confounding variables, and covariates retained in the final models were determined by backward selection. No evidence was found to support the premise that prepartum ΔTDR, ΔTDA or ΔDMI predicted postpartum HYK, HYG or NEFA status in wk1 or in wk2. Overall, prepartum ΔTDR, ΔTDA and ΔDMI were not effective predictors of HYK, HYG or NEFA status in the first 2 weeks postpartum.
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Authors and Affiliations

M.H. Emam
1 2
E. Shepley
1
M.M. Mahmoud
1 3
M. Ruch
1
S. Elmaghawry
2
W. Abdelrazik
2
A.M. Abdelaal
2
B.A. Crooker
4
L.S. Caixeta
1

  1. Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
  2. Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
  3. Department of Animal Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
  4. Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Abstract

Arsenic is an important metalloid that can cause poisoning in humans and domestic animals. Exposure to arsenic causes cell damage, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin with antioxidant and metal ion chelating properties. In this study, the protective effect of chitosan on arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage was investigated. 32 male Wistar-albino rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each as control group (C), chitosan group (CS group), arsenic group (AS group), and arsenic+chitosan group (AS+CS group). The C group was given distilled water by oral gavage, the AS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water, the CS group was given 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage, the AS+CS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water and 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of the 30-day experimental period, 90 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally to all rats, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected. Urea, uric acid, creatinine, P, Mg, K, Ca, Na, Cystatin C (CYS-C), Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1) levels were measured in serum samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the supernatant obtained from kidney tissue were analyzed by ELISA method. Compared with AS group, uric acid and creatinine levels of the AS+CS group were significantly decreased (p<0.001), urea, KIM-1, CYS-C, NGAL, and MDA levels were numerically decreased and CAT, GSH, and SOD levels were numerically increased (p>0.05). In conclusion, based on both biochemical and histopathological-immunohistochemical- immunofluorescence findings, it can be concluded that chitosan attenuates kidney injury and protects the kidney.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. İrak
1
Ö.Y. Çelik
2
M. Bolacalı
3
T. Tufan
4
S. Özcan
4
S. Yıldırım
5
İ. Bolat
5

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  3. Kırsehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Kirsehir, Turkey
  4. Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  5. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a disease extremely harmful to pig health. Intramuscular and Houhai acupoint injections are the main immunization routes to prevent and control PED. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these two routes in pregnant sows based on serum IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody levels. PED virus (PEDV) immunoprophylaxis with live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines was administered. The vaccinations for the intramuscular injections elevated IgG and neutralizing antibody levels more than Houhai acupoint injections at most timepoints after immunization. However, the anti-PEDV IgA antibodies induced by vaccination with the two immunization routes did not differ significantly. In conclusion, intramuscular injections are better than Houhai acupoint injections for PEDV vaccination of pregnant sows.
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Authors and Affiliations

C. Hu
1
X. Xie
2
D. Zhao
3
H. Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
X. Liu
4
T. Yang
5
W. Sun
6

  1. Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
  2. Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang, Hunan, 413055, China
  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
  4. Xiangtan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411104, China
  5. College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, China
  6. Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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Abstract

This experiment aimed to determine the effect of adaptive duration to saline water on behaviors, weight gain and blood biochemical parameters in growing goats. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, which included four treatments with five animals per group. The goats were administered either fresh water (control) or seawater with a salinity of 1.5%, with varying durations of adaptation to seawater. The adaptive durations included an abrupt change (A0) from fresh water to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% or stepwise adaptation either 4 (A4) or 7 (A7) days of increasing saline concentrations. The results showed that dry matter intake in the non-adapted goats (A0 group) was lower than that of the control group or the adapted goats throughout the experiment (p<0.05). In contrast, water intake from drinking saline water was greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). Body weigh did not differ among the treatments; however, non-adapted goats exhibited a lower weight gain than the adapted goats (p<0.05). The goats in the A0 and A4 groups exhibited increased plasma levels of urea, AST, and ALT compared with the control and A7 groups. However, blood electrolyte levels remained unchanged and were within the normal range for goats. Therefore, it is concluded that the stepwise adaptation to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% for 21 days has no influence on productivity and health status of goats.
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Authors and Affiliations

T. Nguyen
1
N. Nguyen Trong
2
N. Chaiyabutr
3
S. Thammacharoen
3

  1. Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city 94000, Vietnam
  2. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city 94000, Vietnam
  3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, HenriDunang street, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different extenders on the post-thaw (PT) quality of sperm originating from the sperm-rich fraction (SRF) and post-sperm-rich fraction (PSRF) of boar ejaculate. Motility and velocity parameters, analyzed using a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system, and membrane integrity parameters were markedly higher in frozen-thawed (FT) spermatozoa of the SRF in both the Belstville Thawing Solution (BTS) and Androhep Plus (AHP) extenders, irrespective of the post-thaw (PT) storage time. Furthermore, reduced cryo-survival was more marked in FT spermatozoa of the PSRF in both extenders following storage for 60 min. It was found that the SRF-stored samples in the AHP extender for 60 min exhibited significantly higher percentages of spermatozoa with total motility, mitochondrial function and acrosome integrity than those stored in the BTS extender. The findings of this study confirm that components of the ejaculate fractions and extender have varying effects on the cryo-survival of boar spermatozoa.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ł. Zasiadczyk
1
K. Kurpanik
1
L. Fraser
1
W. Kordan
1

  1. Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract

The combination of permanent magnets and electrically excited windings creates an air gap magnetic field. The development of a hybrid magnetic circuit motor with an adjustable magnetic field is of great significance. This article introduces a hybrid magnetic circuit motor design that combines salient pole electromagnetic and permanent magnets. A tubular magnetic barrier has been designed to reduce inter-pole leakage and enhance the usage rate of permanent magnets in the hybrid magnetic circuit motor. The optimum eccentricity of the rotor has been accurately designed, resulting in an improved sinusoidal distribution of the air gap magnetic density waveform. An analysis of the static composite magnetic field under various excitation currents has been conducted, showcasing the capability of the hybrid magnetic circuit motor to stably adjust the air gap flux density level and output torque. A prototype has undergone comprehensive trial production and testing, conclusively confirming the machine’s superior output performance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mingling Gao
1
Shilong Yan
1
Chenglong Yu
2
Wenjing Hu
1
Huihui Geng
1
Hongbin Yin
1
Mingjun Xu
1
Yufeng Zhang
1

  1. Shandong University of Technology 266 Xincun West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
  2. Zibo Yongtai Motor Co., Ltd Zichuan District, Zibo, Shandong, China
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Abstract

In conventional finite element simulations, foil windings with thin foils and with a large number of turns require many mesh elements. This renders models quickly computationally infeasible. This paper uses a homogenized foil winding model and approximates the voltage distribution in the foil winding domain by globally supported polynomials. This way, the small-scale structure in the foil winding domain does not have to be resolved by the finite element mesh. The method is validated successfully for a stand-alone foil winding example and for a pot inductor example. Moreover, a transformer equipped with a foil winding at its primary side is simulated using a field-circuit coupled model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jonas Bundschuh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yvonne Späck-Leigsnering
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Herbert De Gersem
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute for Accelerator Science and Electromagnetic Fields (TEMF) Technical University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
  2. Graduate School of Excellence Computational Engineering Technical University of Darmstadt Dolivostraße 15, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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Abstract

Soft-switching technologies can effectively solve the problem of switching losses caused by increasing switching frequency of grid-connected inverters. As a branch of soft-switching technologies, load-side resonant soft-switching is a hotspot for applications of high-frequency inverters, because it has the advantage of achieving soft-switching without using additional components. However, the traditional PI control strategy based on the linear model is prone to destabilization and non-robust dynamic performance when large signal perturbation occurs. In this paper, a novel Passivity-Based Control (PBC) method is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of load-side resonant soft-switching grid-connected inverter. Besides, the model based on the Port Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) model of the soft switching inverter is carried out, and the passivity-based controller is designed based on the established model using the way of interconnection and damping assignmentpassivity based control (IDA-PBC). Both stable performance and dynamic performance of the load-side resonant soft-switching inverter can be improved over the whole operating range. Finally, a 750 W load-side resonant soft-switching inverter simulation model is built and the output performance is compared with the traditional PI control strategy under stable and dynamic conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy reduces the harmonic distortion rate and improves the quality of the output waveforms.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yajing Zhang
1
Huanchen Zhang
1
Jianguo Li
1
Jiuhe Wang
1

  1. School of Automation, Beijing Information Science & Technology University No.12 Qinghe Xiaoying East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Abstract

The article presents selected results of research on improving pedestrian traffic safety. Based on annually-updated accident statistics made available by the police, as well as the new pedestrian traffic regulations in force, detailed work was undertaken to assess the level of visibility of pedestrians by drivers in pedestrian crossing areas. The research was carried out by analyzing several characteristic cases of pedestrian crossings occurring in Poland, in which there was only dedicated lighting for crossings, only street lighting, and a variant of coexistence of both of the above lighting solutions. Illuminance measurements were made in the horizontal and vertical planes of pedestrian crossings, and the results were confronted with the relevant guidelines. The next step involved a complementary measurement of the luminance distribution of the vertical plane containing the pedestrian and a portion of the sub- and super-horizontal background. Visibility pedestrians was considered in positive and negative contrast variants, and was then related to the obtained results of the illumination distribution. The analysis of the results of the study indicated the possibility of limited visibility of pedestrians at the crossings despite the satisfactory results obtained from measurements of the illuminance distribution within the crossings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Różowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Baran
2
ORCID: ORCID
Antoni Różowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Leśko
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lubomír Beňa
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automatic Control Kielce University of Technology Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
  2. Department of Power Electronics and Power Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
  3. Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (FEI) Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, Kosice, 040 01, Slovakia
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Abstract

Aiming to address power consumption issues of various equipment in metro stations and the inefficiency of peak shaving and valley filling in the power supply system, this study presents an economic optimization scheduling method for the multi-modal “source-network-load-storage” system in metro stations. The proposed method, called the Improved Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm (IGWO), utilizes objective evaluation criteria to achieve economic optimization. First, construct a mathematical model of the “sourcenetwork- load-storage” joint system with the metro station at its core. This model should consider the electricity consumption within the station. Secondly, a two-layer optimal scheduling model is established, with the upper model aiming to optimize peak elimination and valley filling, and the lower model aiming to minimize electricity consumption costs within a scheduling cycle. Finally, this paper introduces the IGWO optimization approach, which utilizes meta-models and the Improved Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm to address the nonlinearity and computational complexity of the two-layer model. The analysis shows that the proposed model and algorithm can improve the solution speed and minimize the cost of electricity used by about 5.5% to 8.7% on the one hand, and on the other hand, it improves the solution accuracy, and at the same time effectively realizes the peak shaving and valley filling, which provides a proof of the effectiveness and feasibility of the new method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jingjing Tian
1
Yu Qian
1
Feng Zhao
1 2
Shenglin Mo
1
Huaxuan Xiao
1
Xiaotong Zhu
1
Guangdi Liu
1

  1. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou, China
  2. Key Laboratory of Opto-Technology and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education Lanzhou, China
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Abstract

This paper proposes a method for compensation of dead-time effects for a fivephase inverter. In the proposed method an additional control subsystem was added to the field-oriented control (FOC) scheme in the coordinate system mapped to the third harmonic. The additional control loop operates in the fixed, orthogonal reference frame ( α - β coordinates) without the need for additional Park transformations. The purpose of this method is to minimize the dead-time effects by third harmonic injection in two modes of operation of the FOC control system: with sinusoidal supply and with trapezoidal supply. The effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified experimentally on a laboratory setup with a prototype five-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM). All experimental results were presented and discussed in the following paper.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Łuksza
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dmytro Kondratenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Lewicki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology 11/12 Narutowicza str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

Small-signal transmittances of the power stage of a flyback converter in continuous conduction mode are derived on the averaged model obtained by the separation of variables approach. The precise knowledge of these transmittances is necessary in the design process of the converter control circuit. Apart from mathematical formulas for transmittances, the numerical calculations of the frequency dependencies of the transmittances for the assumed set of the converter parameters are presented with the parasitic resistances of components taken into account. The results of the calculations are compared with the measurements performed on the laboratory model of the converter and a good consistency is observed. It is concluded, that the results of the paper may be useful in the designing process of a control circuit of the flyback converter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Bączek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Włodzimierz Janke
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Kraśniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Koszalin University of Technology 2 Sniadeckich Street, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland
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Abstract

Electromagnetic processing of molten copper is provided in a special kind of electrical furnace called an induction furnace with a cold crucible (IFCC), making it possible to successfully remove impurities from the workpiece. In order to analyze the process in a sufficient way not only electromagnetic, thermal and flow but also metallurgical and mass transfer phenomena in the coupled formulation should be taken into consideration. The paper points to an analysis of the kinetic process of lead evaporation from molten copper. It was shown that mass transport in the gas phase determines the rate of the analyzed evaporation process. The possibility of removal of lead from molten copper is analyzed and described.
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Authors and Affiliations

Albert Smalcerz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Blacha
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Barglik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ivo Dolezel
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tadeusz Wieczorek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia Univerzitní 26, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Abstract

The article presents selected static characteristics of a parallel active filter with voltage control in the supply line (VPAPF – Voltage-controlled Active Power Filter) as a function of parameters of the supply network. The tests were done on the basis of a simulation model of the supply network and an appropriate compensator. The test results showed that VPAPFs are most suitable for operation in weak networks, maintaining an almost constant level of voltage distortion, regardless of the value of the network impedance. In addition, the influence of the parameter G corresponding to the conductance value suppressing higher harmonics of the network voltage on the operation of the active power filter was determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Grugel
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Mućko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz
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Abstract

This study introduces a robust strategy for regulating output voltage in the presence of false data injection (FDI) attacks. Employing a hierarchical approach, we disentangle the distributed secondary control problem into two distinct facets: an observer-based resilient tracking control problem and a decentralized control problem tailored for real systems. Notably, our strategy eliminates the reliance on global information and effectively mitigates the impact of FDI attacks on directed communication networks. Ultimately, simulation results corroborate the efficacy of our approach, demonstrating successful voltage regulation within the system and proficient management of FDI attacks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rongqiang Guan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jing Yu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Siyuan Fan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tianyi Sun
2
ORCID: ORCID
Peng Liu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Han Gao
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, 130000, China
  2. Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132000, China
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Abstract

To explore the influence of surface energy on the contamination characteristics of insulators, COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the contamination characteristics of XWP 2-160 insulators under wind tunnel conditions, and the rationality of the modified expression of the dynamic deposition model of the contaminated particles was verified. The change of contamination characteristics before and after changing the surface energy of insulators under natural conditions was simulated and analyzed. The results show that under the original surface energy (72 mJ/m 2) and low surface energy (6.7 mJ/m 2) with the increase in particle size, the contamination amount of an insulator surface area decreases first and then increases. When the wind speed is 2 m/s, the change in the particle size has the most pronounced effect on the amount of contamination. The amounts of contamination for the low surface energy are 64–75%, 60–95%, 55–91% and 54–78% lower than those for the original surface energy for particle sizes of 10, 15, 20 and 25 μm, respectively. For the same wind speed, when the size of contamination particles increases, the difference between the ratio of DC and AC contamination accumulation is gradually increasing because of the influence of the electric field force. From the perspective of the insulator preparation process, the development of low surface energy insulators can improve their anti-fouling performance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yukun Lv
1
Qian Wang
1
Zeze Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jiawen Wang
1

  1. Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

Accurate temperature prediction is vital for the canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (CPMSM) used in the vacuum pump, as it experiences severe heating. In this paper, a novel motor temperature calculation method is proposed, which takes into account the temperature impact on the heat transfer capacity. In contrast to existing electromagnetic-thermal coupled calculation methods, which solely address the temperature effect on the motor electromagnetic field, the proposed method comprehensively considers its impact on motor losses, permanent magnet magnetic properties, thermal conductivity, and heat dissipation ability of motor components, resulting in a motor temperature simulation that closely resembles the actual physical process. To verify the reliability of the proposed temperature calculation method, a 1.5 kW CPMSM was chosen as the research subject. The method was used to analyze the temperature distribution characteristics of the motor and assess the impact of ambient temperature on motor temperature rise. Furthermore, a prototype was fabricated, and an experimental platform was established to test the motor temperature. The results demonstrate good agreement between the calculated results obtained using the proposed method and the experimental data. This research not only provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the design of the CPMSM but also provides valuable insights into its operational safety and reliability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ming Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shuxian Lun
1
Haiqi Mu
1
Wei Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Control Science and Engineering, Bohai University No.19, Keji Road, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China

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