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Enhancement of heat transfer in helical coil heat exchangers using nano-fluids

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 279-283 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140832

Keywords nano-fluids heat transfer Nusselt number Prandtl number volume fraction

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Abstract

Investigation for heat transfer behaviour of Al ₂O ₃ and CuO nano-fluid in helical coil heat exchangers was carried out in this study. The thermo-physical properties of the fluids have temperature dependent nature. The main emphasis was to depict the influence of nano-particle concentration by volume on the characteristics of temperature, rate of heat transfer and heat transfer coefficients (convective). In order to enhance efficiency, density and thermal conductivity are considered to be the most important variables. In comparison towater and for equal flowrate, the rate of heat transfer of nano-fluid increases conspicuously. Efficiency of the helical coil heat exchanger increased by 38.80%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Malik Parveez

1

Mohammad Hanief

2

National Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir,190006, India
National Institute of Technology, Mechacahnical Engineering Department, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India

Use of isoperibolic reaction calorimeter for the study of reaction kinetics of acetic anhydride hydrolysis reaction: Effect of acetic anhydride and water ratio

Rajendra Kumar Anurag Kumar Tiwari

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 255-264 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140829

Keywords acetic anhydride water reaction calorimeter hydrolysis kinetics

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Abstract

Reaction kinetics of acetic anhydride hydrolysis reaction is being studied at a fixed reaction temperature and ambient pressure using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter. Temperature versus time data along with heat and mass balance is used to determine the kinetics parameters i.e. activation energy and Arrhenius coefficient. It has been studied with the varying volumetric ratio of acetic anhydride and water; and kinetics parameters were compared and plotted for each ratio. Such a study has not been done previously to determine the kinetics dependency on varying the acetic anhydride water ratio. As the acetic anhydride hydrolysis reaction is exothermic in nature, the present study will help to decide the safe and suitable operating conditions such as concentration and temperature for conducting this reaction at plant scale. The kinetic data presented can be used further for the mathematical modeling and simulation of such exothermic hydrolysis reactions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rajendra Kumar

1

Anurag Kumar Tiwari

2

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Chemical Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, Pune, India – 411008
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Jalandhar, Punjab, India – 144011

Hybrid blend membrane using PVA–g–PMA for direct methanol fuel cell applications

Pratima Gajbhiye A.K. Tiwari Karan Mann J.S. Kahlon H. Upadhyay

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 251-254 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140828

Keywords polyvinyl alcohol maleic anhydride direct methanol fuel cell ion exchange capacity proton-conducting membrane

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Abstract

In the present study, a novel PVA–g–PMA hybrid membrane was developed for application in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Maleic anhydride (MA) was grafted on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) both ionically and chemically using potassium persulfate (KPS), for the first time. ThePVA–g–PMA thus synthesized was then blended with 3–Amino–4–[3–(triethylammonium sulfonato)phenyl amino]phenylene hydrochloride. The prepared membranes were characterized by FT–IR, TGA. 0.0104 S/cm of proton conductivity was found for the membrane. The ion exchange capacity was found to be 2.175 meq/g and the water uptake capacity as 14.9%. The single-chamber fuel cell power density was higher (34.72 mW/cm2) and current density (62.11 mA/cm2) when compared to Nafion 117 membrane.

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Authors and Affiliations

Pratima Gajbhiye

1

A.K. Tiwari

2

Karan Mann

1

J.S. Kahlon

1

H. Upadhyay

3

School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144 411, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, Punjab-144011, India
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144 411, India

Effect of aspect ratio of enclosure on free convection from horizontal cylinders in Bingham plastic fluids

Ashok Kumar Baranwal Anoop Kumar Gupta Anurag Kumar Tiwari Roderick Melnik

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 271-277 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140831

Keywords Bingham plastic fluids aspect ratio Rayleigh number Nusselt number natural convection

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Abstract

Heat transfer in steady free convection from differentially heated cylinders enclosed in a rectangular duct filled with Bingham plastic fluids has been solved numerically for the ranges of the dimensionless groups as, Rayleigh number, 10 ² ≤ Ra ≤ 10 ⁶; Prandtl number, 10 ≤ Pr ≤ 100 and, Bingham number, 0 ≤ Bn ≤ 50 for aspect ratios AR = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 2. The streamlines, isotherm contours, yield surfaces, local and average Nusselt numbers were analysed and discussed. It is found that as the aspect ratio of the enclosure increases from 0.5 to 0.9, the average Nusselt number on the surface of the hot cylinder increases as a larger amount of fluid takes part in convection. Moreover, at sufficiently large Bingham numbers, yield stress forces dominate over buoyancy causing the flow to cease and thus the Nusselt number approaches its conduction limit. Finally, the Nusselt number approaches its conduction limit once the maximum Bingham number is reached.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ashok Kumar Baranwal

1

Anoop Kumar Gupta

2

Anurag Kumar Tiwari

3

Roderick Melnik

4 5

Department of Chemical Engineering, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad 828123, India
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, IIT Patna 801106, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Jalandhar 144011, India
Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
BCAM Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bizkaia, Spain

Effect of aiding buoyancy on heat transfer from an isothermal square cylinder in power-law fluids

Pragya Mishra Lubhani Mishra Anurag Kumar Tiwari

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 265-270 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140830

Keywords mixed convection power-law fluids square cylinder aiding-buoyancy Nusselt number

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of aiding buoyancy on mixed convection heat transfer in power-law fluids from an isothermally heated unconfined square cylinder. Extensive numerical results on drag coefficient and surface averaged values of the Nusselt number are reported over a wide range of parameters i.e. Richardson number, 0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 5, power-law index, 0.4 ≤ n ≤ 1.8, Reynolds number, 0.1 ≤ Re ≤ 40, and Prandtl number, 1 ≤ Pr ≤ 100. Further, streamline profiles and isotherm contours are presented herein to provide an insight view of the detailed flow kinematics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Pragya Mishra

1

Lubhani Mishra

2

Anurag Kumar Tiwari

3

Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075, India
The University of Texas at Austin, Walker Department of Mechanical & Material Science Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Austin, TX 78705, USA
National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Department of Chemical Engineering, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India

A two-dimensional study to aid the prototype designing of mono-mode microwave blood warmer

Sushma Kumari Sujoy Kumar Samanta

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 147-157 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140817

Keywords microwave 2D cylinder blood warmer human blood lateral/radial irradiations

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Abstract

This meticulous analysiswas performed to guide in the designing of a prototypemono-mode microwave blood warmer. The interaction of two-dimensional cylindrical blood samples with the microwave was performed through two different techniques i.e., lateral and radial irradiations. The study found the preference for interaction techniques corresponding to different frequencies, intensities, sample sizes and procedure durations. The study of the areal positioning of power and temperature at specific peak points generated the information on warming rate and thermal homogeneity inside the sample. High warming rate along with low thermal non-homogeneity were the chosen criteria to decide the requirement of rotation during the warming procedure. At the frequency of 915 MHz, no rotation was recommended for samples irrespective of sizes for optimal warming. Rotation for small and large samples and no rotation for medium sized samples were recommended to achieve homogenously warmed human blood samples at the frequency of 2450 MHz. Specific recommendations for different case studies were also made with respect to the sample size, radiation intensity and procedure duration to draw reciprocity amongst them. Considering all the aspects, the present work recommended an efficient way for designing of a prototype for enhanced microwave facilitated intravenous fluid warmer.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sushma Kumari

1

Sujoy Kumar Samanta

1

Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Bihta, Patna – 801106, India

Self-healing epoxy/PDMS/graphene oxide nanocomposites for anti-corrosive applications

Krishna Moorthi Vishesh Saxena R.V. Siva Prasanna Sanka Sravendra Rana

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 137-145 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140816

Keywords corrosion self-healing materials PDMS graphene oxide coating

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Abstract

This study discusses the synthesis, characterization and development of self-healing nanocomposite of amino-terminated PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane), Epoxy (EPON828¸ Diethylenetriamine (DETA)), and Graphene Oxide (GO).GOwas prepared using a modified Hummer’s method andwas incorporated into the PDMS-Epoxy composite in various ratios (0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.%) using toluene as the dispersing medium. Fourier TransformInfrared Spectroscopy was used for confirming the presence of the designed/prepared structures, and thermo-mechanical analysis was performed to test the change in glass transition temperature and initiation temperature of self-healing process. The composite resins were coated on mild steel substrates by curing freshly prepared resins over the substrates at elevated temperatures. The corrosion behavior of mild steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution before and after the coatings was studied using Tafel Electrochemical Polarization test. The self-healing properties of the materials were also studied by applying cuts on the material and letting them heal under elevated temperatures, and the results showed that the prepared coating demonstrated an effective corrosion resistance for mild steel for various marine applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krishna Moorthi

1 2

Vishesh Saxena

1 3

R.V. Siva Prasanna Sanka

4

Sravendra Rana

1

University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen AG 9747, The Netherlands
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India

Supercritical antisolvent method for recrystallization of HMX

Anupama Thakur Taniya Pramod Soni Mahesh Kumar Seema Deshwal

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 165-170 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140819

Keywords high energy material supercritical recrystallization polymorph

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Abstract

Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method is an emerging technique for particle processing of high energetic materials. The study investigates the recrystallization of high energy material HMX (octahydro- 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) using SAS method. The effect of pressure, solution flow rate, supercritical antisolvent flow rate and temperature on particle size and morphology of HMX crystals has been studied with acetone as solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent. Stable and desirable ��- polymorphic form of HMX could be obtained under certain process conditions and has been confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The experimental results show that ��- polymorph of HMX is of rhombohedral morphology with mean particle size of 13.7 μm, as confirmed by SEM and particle size analyzer respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anupama Thakur

1

Taniya

1

Pramod Soni

2

Mahesh Kumar

2

Seema Deshwal

2

Dr SSBUICET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
TBRL, DRDO, Chandigarh, 160 030, India

Modeling and prediction of thermal conductivity ratio of metal-oxide based nano-fluids using artificial neural network and power law

Mohammad Hanief Qureshi Irfan Malik Parvez

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 159-163 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140818

Keywords nano-fluids thermal conductivity ratio artificial neural network regression ANOVA

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Abstract

In this study, the thermal conductivity ratio model for metallic oxide based nano-fluids is proposed. The model was developed by considering the thermal conductivity as a function of particle concentration (percentage volume), temperature, particle size and thermal conductivity of the base fluid and nano-particles. The experimental results for Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, and TiO2 particles dispersed in ethylene glycol, water and a combination of both were adopted from the literature. Artificial neural network (ANN) and power law models were developed and compared with the experimental data based on statistical methods. ANOVA was used to determine the relative importance of contributing factors, which revealed that the concentration of nano-particles in a fluid is the single most important contributing factor of the conductivity ratio.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammad Hanief

1

Qureshi Irfan

1

Malik Parvez

2

Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India
Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India

Catalyst regeneration techniques in naphtha reforming: Short review

Aviral Gupta S.K. Gupta

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 101-108 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140813

Keywords heterogeneous catalysis regeneration naphtha reforming catalyst reactivation non-linear modelling

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Abstract

Catalytic reforming is an important intermediate in the processing of crude (naphtha in particular) to obtain gasoline. The catalyst used in the process (platinum) is quite expensive and may negatively impact the business if not used judiciously. The aforesaid not only refers to the reduction in loss of the catalyst per unit of gasoline produced but also to the manufacturing of an environmentally friendlier product alongside which is the need of the planet and also a necessity to meet the increasingly strict government norms. In order to meet the above requirements, various refineries around the world use various well-known conventional methods which depend on the quality and quantity of crude manufactured by them.
This paper focuses on highlighting recent advancements in methods of catalytic regeneration (CR) in the reforming unit of petroleum industries to produce high octane gasoline, without any major replacements in their existing setup. Research papers formulated by the application of methodologies involving non-linear models and real-time refinery data have only been considered to avoid any deviations/errors in practical applications. In-depth analysis of these papers has led to the origin of some ideas which have been included as suggestions and can be considered as subjects of further research. In all, the objective of the paper is to serve as a reference for researchers and engineers working on devising optimum methods to improve the regeneration of reforming catalysts.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aviral Gupta

1

S.K. Gupta

1

Harcourt Butler Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kanpur-208002, India

Comprehensive analysis of reclamation of spent lubricating oil using green solvent: RSM and ANN approach

Sayantan Sakar Deepshikha Datta Somnath Chowdhury Bimal Das

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 119-135 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140815

Keywords modelling optimization extraction-flocculation artificial neural network genetic algorithm

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Abstract

Waste lubricating oil (WLO) is the most significant liquid hazardouswaste, and indiscriminate disposal of waste lubricating oil creates a high risk to the environment and ecology. Present investigation emphasizes the re-refining of used automobile engine oil using the extraction-flocculation approach to reduce environmental hazards and convert the waste to energy. The extraction-flocculation process was modeled and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithm (GA). The present study assessed parametric effects of refining time, refining temperature, solvent to waste oil ratio, and flocculant dosage. Experimental findings showed that the percentage of yield of recovered oil is to the tune of 86.13%. With the Central Composite Design approach, the maximum percentage of extracted oil is 85.95%, evaluated with 80 minutes of refining time, 50.17 °C refining temperature, 7:1 solvent to waste oil ratio and flocculant dosage of 3 g/kg of solvent and 86.71% with 79.97 minutes refining time, 55.53 °C refining temperature, 4.89:1 g/g solvent to waste oil ratio, 2.99 g/kg of flocculant concentration with Artificial Neural Network. A comparison shows that the ANN gives better results than the CCD approach. Physico-chemical properties of the recovered lube oil are comparable with the properties of fresh lubricating oil.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sayantan Sakar

1

Deepshikha Datta

2

Somnath Chowdhury

1

Bimal Das

1

National Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Durgapur-713209, India
Brainware University, Department of Chemistry, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal 700125

Optimization of fluoride removal using ultrasonically improved electrochemically generated adsorbent: A Taguchi approach

Kunjan C. Junghare Shyam M. Kodape Ajit P. Rathod Dilip H. Lataye

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 109-117 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140814

Keywords isotherms kinetics defluoridation electrolyte ultrasonication

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Abstract

Ultrasonically improved electrochemically generated adsorbent (UEGA) has been synthesized and used for adsorption of fluoride ions from fluoride laden waste water. UEGA was prepared in two major steps, firstly electrochemically generated adsorbent (EGA) was prepared using electrolytic method followed by ultrasonication treatment. Ultrasonication causes size reduction which leads to increase in surface area viz. active site which helps to enhance attachment of negatively charged fluoride ion on positively changed UEGA from waste water. UEGA was prepared at three different amplitude i.e. 50, 70 and 90% respectively. Taguchi optimization for defluoridationwas carried out considering operating parameters such as initial concentration; contact time; adsorbent dose; and temperature. The results obtained demonstrated that adsorption showed different fluoride removal at varying frequency. This study proved that varying percentage amplitude of ultrasonication significantly affects defluoridation efficiency.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kunjan C. Junghare

1

Shyam M. Kodape

1

Ajit P. Rathod

1

Dilip H. Lataye

1

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

Fundamental study of the photocatalytic reduction of CO ₂: A short review of thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanisms

Romil Gandhi Aashish Moses Saroj Sundar Baral

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 223-228 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140825

Keywords CO2 to fuels hydrocarbon production thermodynamics photocatalysis mechanism

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Abstract

On the off chance that methods which reduce the global CO ₂ content are unavailable and inefficient, the increasing CO ₂ levels will lead to a synchronized rise in temperature across the world. The conversion of this abundant CO ₂ into hydrocarbons like CH ₄, CH ₃OH, CO, HCOOH and hydrogen fuel using different techniques and their use for power could assist with the world’s energy deficiency and solve the CO ₂ reduction-energy nexus. In this study, photocatalytic CO ₂ conversion by sunlight will be of primary focus since this bears a resemblance with the regular photosynthesis phenomenon. This work also portrays the writings that have narrated the development of mixtures of two or more carbon ions (C ²⁺) within the photocatalytic reduction of CO ₂. This paper thus comprises the energy required for CO ₂ photoreduction, the kinetics mechanisms and thermodynamics requirements. The reaction of CO with water and the hydrogenation of CO ₂ are covered to understand the gap of Gibb’s free energy between both of the reactions. Likewise, the summary of different metal-based co-catalysts, metal-free co-catalysts and their selectivity towards CO ₂ reduction by photocatalysis and reduction of CO ₂ into various hydrocarbons, fuel and materials have also been examined.

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Authors and Affiliations

Romil Gandhi

1

Aashish Moses

1

Saroj Sundar Baral

1

BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Department of Chemical Engineering, Goa, India – 403726

Potential of electrocoagulation technology for the treatment of tannery industrial effluents: A brief review

Rishi Kumar Verma Kajal Gautam Sakshi Agrahari Sushil Kumar

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 217-222 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140824

Keywords tannery wastewater alternative treatment methods advanced electrocoagulation hybrid/integrated approaches

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Abstract

In this new era, we are facing a major problem regarding wastewater in the environment, which has an adverse effect on human life. Wastewater from tanning industries is one of the major contributors to the pollution in aquatic systems. Tannery industries have always contributed to the world’s economy and trade despite facing criticism due to environmental pollution. Tanning effluent consists of organic, inorganic (chromium, nitrogenous compounds), and a large amount of solid content like TDS, TSS, TVS. To overcome these significant challenges, there have been few advancements related to tannery wastewater treatment. This article aims to provide a brief review on electrocaogulation based treatment technologies for eliminating the impurities from tannery wastewater. This review consists of the background with characteristics of tannery wastewater, the alternatives for treating the tannery effluent over the years along. A detailed description of the advanced technologies based on electrocoagulations is implemented to overcome the drawbacks of the existing methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rishi Kumar Verma

1

Kajal Gautam

1

Sakshi Agrahari

1

Sushil Kumar

1

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Chemical Engineering Department, Allahabad – 211004, India

Heat transfer study from square cylinder immersed in water-based nanofluid: Effect of orientation

Jaspinder Kaur Jatinder Kumar Ratan Anurag Kumar Tiwari

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 243-250 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140827

Keywords inclined square cylinder nanofluids Reynolds number Prandtl number steady flow regime

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Abstract

Heat transfer study from the heated square cylinder at a different orientation angle to the stream of nanofluids has been investigated numerically. CuO-based nanofluids were used to elucidate the significant effect of parameters: Reynolds number (1–40), nanoparticle volume fraction (0.00–0.05), the diameter of the NPs (30–100 mn) and the orientation of square cylinder (0–90°). The numerical results were expressed in terms of isotherm contours and average Nusselt number to explain the effect of relevant parameters. Over the range of conditions, the separation of the boundary layers of nanofluids increased with the size of the NPs as compared to pure water. NPs volume fraction and its size had a significant effect on heat transfer rate. The square cylinder of orientation angle (45°) gained a more efficient heat transfer cylinder than other orientation angles. Finally, the correlations were developed for the average Nusselt number in terms of the relevant parameters for 45° orientation of the cylinder for new applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jaspinder Kaur

1

Jatinder Kumar Ratan

1

Anurag Kumar Tiwari

1

Dr B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandar Punjab, Chemical Engineering Department, Pin code 144011, India

Low-cost removal of basic red 9 using cow dung ash

Raj Kumar Arya Ghanshyam Meena Devyani Thapliyal Sanghamitra Barman Gopinath Halder Pooja Shandilya

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 229-242 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140826

Keywords adsorption isotherms adsorption kinetics dye removal low-cost adsorbent cow dungash

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Abstract

In the present study, basic red 9 had been removed from synthetic waste water using animal waste. Cow dung ash had been prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscope. Morphology analysis shows very fine particles of less than 1 μm. The pH analysis study favours a pH of 8.5 for maximum dye removal. The removal of basic red 9 was very fast on cow dung ash. Percentage dye removal was 80.24% and 95.24 in 5 minutes and 90 minutes, respectively at initial dye concentration of 10 ppm.

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Authors and Affiliations

Raj Kumar Arya

1

Ghanshyam Meena

2 3

Devyani Thapliyal

1

Sanghamitra Barman

4

Gopinath Halder

5

Pooja Shandilya

6

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Jalandhar,144011, Punjab, India
Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India
National Fertilizers Ltd., Bathinda, Punjab-151003, India
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Department of Chemical Engineering, M. G. Avenue, Durgapur-713209, West Bengal, India
Shoolini University, School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Solan HP, 173229, India

Enzyme-assisted turmeric oil extraction from turmeric rhizomes

Avinash Chandra Heena Rekhi Dharmender A.K. Gautam R.K. Arya

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 183-191 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140821

Keywords turmeric oil enzyme assisted diastase cellulase pectinase

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Abstract

An enzyme-assisted modified steam distillation process was adopted to extract turmeric oil from Curcuma longa L. rhizomes. The diastase, xylose, cellulase, pectinase, and lipase enzymes were used for the pre-treatment of fresh turmeric rhizome to obtain a higher yield by rapturing biological cells. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of turmeric oil was performed by GC–MS. The various influencing parameters for the extraction of turmeric oil such as an enzyme, incubation/pre-treatment time, distillation time have been studied in the presentwork. The obtained turmeric oil by enzymatic pretreatment process is richer in bioactive/medicinal components than in the other traditional methods. The maximum yield was obtained with cellulase enzyme, which is 25–27% higher than the yield obtained by the traditional hydro distillation process. The detailed qualitative and quantitative analyses are also presented. The present method can be considered energy-efficient, effective, economical, and eco-friendly.

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Authors and Affiliations

Avinash Chandra

1

Heena Rekhi

2

Dharmender

3

A.K. Gautam

4

R.K. Arya

5

Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab-147001, India
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur-177005, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144011, India

Catalytic pyrolysis of metal free PCBs with ZSM-5 and Ca(OH) ₂

Vaibhav Pandere Alok Gautam Shina Gautam

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 171-182 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140820

Keywords catalytic pyrolysis PCBs ZSM-5 Ca(OH)2 fuels

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Abstract

Presence of heavier molecules and toxic brominated compounds in pyrolysis products of printed circuit boards (PCB) make their use difficult. In the present work to overcome this problem PCBs were pyrolyzed in presence of catalysts such as ZSM-5 and Ca(OH)2 to study their effect on pyrolysis products. The comparison of non-catalytic pyrolysis of PCB was done with oil and gas compositions produced by both techniques. Pyrolysis experiments were done at a lab scale set-up. However, the increased concentrations of ZSM-5 were found to increase char and gases were found to be rich in CH4 and O2. The composition of oils was mainly composed of phenols, phenol derivatives and aromatic compounds, which increased with pyrolysis with ZSM-5 and Ca(OH)2. Ca(OH)2 was found effective in removing brominated compounds from oil and no halogens were observed in oil. Char produced during pyrolysis was mesoporous in nature and composed of some fractions of metals and glass fibers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vaibhav Pandere

1 2

Alok Gautam

1 2

Shina Gautam

1 2

Chemical Engineering Department, Shroff S. R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Bharuch-393135, Gujarat, India
Gujarat Technological University, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad-382424 Gujarat, India

Co-pyrolysis of PCB and cotton stalk: Towards enhanced phenol production and debromination of pyrolysis oil

Sonalben B. Prajapati Alok Gautam Shina Gautam

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 203-216 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140823

Keywords co-pyrolysis debromination PCB cotton stalk

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Abstract

With advancing technology, printed circuit board (PCB), one of the most important components of ewaste, has become a source of pollution due to an ineffective waste management system. This problem can be solved by converting PCB waste into a valuable product which will emerge to maximize the renewable energy supplies. In this aspect, co-pyrolysis is advantageous in both simple and successful in producing high-quality pyrolysis oil. In this paper, cotton stalk (CS) as biomass was used and pyrolysis of PCB, CS, and a mixture of both in 1:1 have been carried out. CS has a good combustibility at 500°C which was chosen for the pyrolysis reaction in a fixed bed reactor for slow pyrolysis. The pyrolytic oil was analysed by GC–MS and FTIR. The results indicate that there is an increase in oil yield from 19.6% to 27.5% by weight and phenol and phenolic compounds in oil of co-pyrolysis from 60.94% to 76.82% compared to literature available. There is an increase in bromine solidification in char by 25% with a mixture of CS and PCB compared to CS and PCB individually which is much higher than literature data. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, co-pyrolysis of PCB:CS has been attempted first time and debromination of oil was found excellent in the present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sonalben B. Prajapati

1 2

Alok Gautam

3 2

Shina Gautam

3 2

Government Engineering College, Chemical Engineering Department, Bhuj- 370001, Gujarat, India
Gujarat Technological University, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, 382424 Gujarat, India
Shroff S. R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Bharuch-393135, Gujarat, India

Isolation and purification of stevioside from stevia leaves

Jignesh Joshi Alok Gautam Shina Gautam

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 193-202 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140822

Keywords ST rebaudioside-A Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni conventional extraction

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Abstract

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni which has gained industrial and scientific interests is a suitable nutritional alternative to sucrose as a sweetener. Recently, there have been studies which show the extraction of this phytochemical substance from stevia leaves and purification methods by several alcohols and chromatographic methods. However, these methods are not cost-effective. Therefore, an attempt was made to extract and purify ST using inexpensive, scalable and simple techniques where different steps like extraction, electrocoagulation, ion exchange, activated charcoal, vacuum evaporation and butanol wash were used as purification steps. The present study established a new improved technology of extraction of ST from stevia leaves using water as a solvent followed by various purification steps. 496 mg of Stevioside extracted in the form of crystals was obtained from 100 g of leaves which is 10 times more than the reported yield of 54 mg from 100 g stevia leaves in literature. This methodology can be scaled up at the industry level for future large production to meet the huge demand for natural sweeteners.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jignesh Joshi

1 2

Alok Gautam

3 2

Shina Gautam

3 2

Chemical Engineering Dept, Government Engineering College, Valsad, Gujarat, India-382424
Gujarat Technological University, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, 382424 Gujarat, India
Chemical Engineering Dept, Shroff S. R. Rotary Institute Of Chemical Technology, Bharuch 393135, Gujarat, India

Nieprzestrzeń staje się przestrzenią

Paulina Majda

ACADEMIA. Magazyn Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2022 | No 2 (70) Przestrzeń | 78-82 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAN.2022.142529

Keywords planetarium sfera kopuła film na sferze

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Abstract

Człowiek od dawna pragnął przekroczyć pewną granicę. Chciał być w obrazie. Technologia przybliża odległe światy i sprawia, że to, co wydawało się kiedyś nieosiągalne, dzisiaj może być na wyciągnięcie ręki.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Majda

1

Szkoła Filmowa w Łodzi

Sposoby na zagospodarowanie przestrzeni

Paulina Legutko-Kobus

ACADEMIA. Magazyn Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2022 | No 2 (70) Przestrzeń | 4-8 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAN.2022.142508

Keywords planowanie przestrzenne środowisko przyrodnicze rozwój społeczny rozwój gospodarczy geografia

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Abstract

Środowisko ma kluczowe znaczenie dla rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i dobrostanu ludzi. Planowanie przestrzenne pozwala racjonalnie kształtować środowisko przyrodnicze przez określenie możliwości i sposobów jego zagospodarowania.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Legutko-Kobus

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie

Od Redakcji

Tomasz Komornicki

ACADEMIA. Magazyn Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2022 | No 2 (70) Przestrzeń

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Komornicki

Spis treści

ACADEMIA. Magazyn Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2022 | No 2 (70) Przestrzeń

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