Abstrakt
One of the fundamental problems of modern geodesy is precise de
fi
nition
of the gravitational
fi
eld and its changes in time. This is essential in positioning and
navigation, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography and other sciences related to the
climate and Earth’s environment. One of the major sources of gravity data is satellite
altimetry that provides gravity data with almost 75% surface of the Earth. Satellite
altimetry also provides data to study local, regional and global geophysical processes, the
geoid model in the areas of oceans and seas. This technique can be successfully used to
study the ocean mean dynamic topography. The results of the investigations and possible
products of altimetry will provide a good material for the GGOS (Global Geodetic
Observing System) and institutions of IAS (International Altimetry Service).
This paper presents the achievements in satellite altimetry in all the above disciplines
obtained in the last years. First very shorly basic concept of satellite altimetry is
given. In order to obtain the highest accuracy on range measurements over the ocean
improved of altimetry waveforms performed on the ground is described. Next, signi
fi
cant
improvements of sea and ocean gravity anomalies models developed presently is shown.
Study of sea level and its extremes examined, around European and Australian coasts
using tide gauges data and satellite altimetry measurements were described. Then
investigations of the phenomenon of the ocean tides, calibration of altimeters, studies of
rivers and ice-sheets in the last years are given.
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