In this paper a novel non-linear optimization problem is formulated to maximize the social welfare in restructured environment with generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC). This paper presents a methodology to optimally allocate the reactive power by minimizing voltage deviation at load buses and total transmission power losses so as to maximize the social welfare. The conventional active power generation cost function is modified by combining costs of reactive power generated by the generators, shunt capacitors and total power losses to it. The formulated objectives are optimized individually and simultaneously as multi-objective optimization problem, while satisfying equality, in-equality, practical and device operational constraints. A new optimization method, based on two stage initialization and random distribution processes is proposed to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach on IEEE-30 bus system, and the detailed analysis is carried out.
The near net shaped manufacturing ability of squeeze casting process requiresto set the process variable combinations at their optimal
levels to obtain both aesthetic appearance and internal soundness of the cast parts. The aesthetic and internal soundness of cast parts deal
with surface roughness and tensile strength those can readily put the part in service without the requirement of costly secondary
manufacturing processes (like polishing, shot blasting, plating, hear treatment etc.). It is difficult to determine the levels of the process
variable (that is, pressure duration, squeeze pressure, pouring temperature and die temperature) combinations for extreme values of the
responses (that is, surface roughness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength) due to conflicting requirements. In the present
manuscript, three population based search and optimization methods, namely genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO)
and multi-objective particle swarm optimization based on crowding distance (MOPSO-CD) methods have been used to optimize multiple
outputs simultaneously. Further, validation test has been conducted for the optimal casting conditions suggested by GA, PSO and
MOPSO-CD. The results showed that PSO outperformed GA with regard to computation time.
In this paper a scaling approach for the solution of 2D FE models of electric machines is proposed. This allows a geometrical and stator and rotor resistance scaling as well as a rewinding of a squirrel cage induction machine enabling an efficient numerical optimization. The 2D FEM solutions of a reference machine are calculated by a model based hybrid numeric induction machine simulation approach. In contrast to already known scaling procedures for synchronous machines the FEM solutions of the induction machine are scaled in the stator-current-rotor-frequency-plane and then transformed to the torque- speed-map. This gives the possibility to use a new time scaling factor that is necessary to keep a constant field distribution. The scaling procedure is validated by the finite element method and used in a numerical optimization process for the sizing of an electric vehicle traction drive considering the gear ratio. The results show that the scaling procedure is very accurate, computational very efficient and suitable for the use in machine design optimization.