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Performance evaluation of different types of shear connectors in steel-concrete composite construction

V. Jayanthi C. Umarani
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2018 | Vol. 64 | No 2 | 97-110
Keywords steel-concrete composites shear connector push-out test load-slip curve
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Abstract

Shear connectors are designed in steel-concrete composite construction to transmit the longitudinal shear, to prevent separation of steel and concrete slabs, and also to increase the structural efficiency of the whole system. In this study, the performances of different types of shear connectors in steel-concrete composite specimens are evaluated by conducting push-out tests under monotonic loading conditions. An ISMB 200 @ 25.4 kg/m universal steel beam measuring 400 mm and a reinforced cement concrete slab measuring 300 mm with a breadth of 200 mm and a thickness of 200 mm reinforced with 8 mm diameter steel rods are used for the experimental study. The results reveal that the load-slip relationships for various types of shear connectors and failure mechanisms are obtained to identify those shear connectors which are more relevant to the steel – concrete composite members.

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Authors and Affiliations

V. Jayanthi
C. Umarani

Air permeability and sorptivity of concrete modified with viscosity modifying agents

Wojciech Kubissa Karol Prałat Szymon Kania
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 223-240 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140165
Keywords torrent method air permeability viscosity modifying agents (VMA) concretes composites
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Abstract

The paper presents the effect of a viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) on the air permeability, sorptivity and strength parameters (compressive and tensile strength) of concrete. The Atlas VM-500 admixture used in the research is a well-known additive that is commonly applied in concrete technology. Air permeability tests were carried out using the Torrent method. It was found that viscosity modifying admixtures (VMAs) have a significant impact on the permeability of concrete. The lowest values of the ���� coefficient were obtained for specimens that matured in a water environment, and which contained 0.5% of VMA. This amount of additive reduced permeability by 34% when compared to the reference series of concrete. For air-conditioned specimens with 1.2% of VMA, the maximum decrease was 28% when compared to the reference samples. In the case of samples conditioned in an environment with an increased humidity, the maximum decrease occurred with a lower VMA content of 0.5% and amounted to 27% when compared to the reference samples. In addition, it was shown that the addition of 1.2% of VMA improved the compressive strength of concrete by 2.3% during its curing in water. In turn, this amount of VMA deteriorated its strength by 10.4% when the specimens were conditioned in air, and by 8.1% when they were conditioned in high humidity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Kubissa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karol Prałat
1
ORCID: ORCID
Szymon Kania
1
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, ul. Łukasiewicza 17, 09-400 Płock, Poland

Investigation on cracking performance of UHPC overlaid concrete deck at hogging moment zone of steel-concrete composite girders

Zhiyong Wan Guohe Guo Zhiguo Wang Shaohua He Juliang Tan Libo Hou
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 445-457 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.147669
Keywords steel-concrete composite girder concrete deck negative bending moment ultra-high performan ceconcrete cracking resistance
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Abstract

The concrete deck at the negative bending moment region of a continuous steel-concrete composite girder bridge is the weakest part of the structure. Introducing ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to the hogging region may overcome the shortage and break through the bottleneck. This paper explores the cracking performance of steel-concrete composite girders with concrete slabs topped by a thin layer of UHPC subjected to a negative bending moment.Areal continuous composite girder bridge is briefly introduced as the engineering background, and the cracking characteristic of the concrete deck over the middle piers of the bridge is numerically modeled. Approaches to strengthen the cracking performance of the concrete deck at the hogging region through topping UHPC overlays are proposed. The effectiveness of the approaches is examined by conducting a series of numerical and experimental tests. Numerical results indicate that the normal concrete (NC) deck near the middle forums of the bridge would crack due to the large tensile stress from negative bending moments. Replacing the top concrete with an identical-thick UHPC overlay can increase the cracking resistance of the deck under the moment. As the thickness of the UHPC overlay increased from 6.0 cm to 12.0 cm, the maximum shear stress at the UHPC overlay-to-NC substrate interface under different load combinations was decreased by 56.3%~65.3%. Experimental results show that the first-cracking load of the composite beam usingan NC-UHPC overlaid slab was 2.1 times that using an NC slab. The application of a UHPC overlaid
deck can significantly improve the crack performance of the steel-concrete composite girder bridge.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhiyong Wan
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Guohe Guo
3
ORCID: ORCID
Zhiguo Wang
3
ORCID: ORCID
Shaohua He
4
ORCID: ORCID
Juliang Tan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Libo Hou
5
ORCID: ORCID
  1. College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
  2. Guangdong Communication Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510507, China
  3. Guangdong Yunmao Expressway Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 525346, China
  4. Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
  5. Guangdong Highway Construction Co., LTD, Guangzhou 510623, China

Assessment of stresses in reinforcement in the area of joints in composite steel-concrete slabs

Marcin Niedośpiał
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 403-414 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138508
Keywords steel-concrete composite structures composite joints semi-rigid joints tension stiffening
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Abstract

The article draws attention to certain aspects of calculating the width of cracks and stresses in composite elements under bending, in which the slab is located in the tension zone. If semi-rigid joints are used in the element, in which the beam is attached to the column by bolts, two types of areas should be distinct in which the reinforcement stresses will be calculated in a different way. The method of calculating stresses in reinforcement will depend on the type of a used joint or on the distance of the considered cross-section from the semi-rigid joint. In order to distinguish the method of calculating stresses in the paper, two areas were introduced: specifically area B and area D. Area B will be the area where the principle of flat sections can be applied, and stresses in the reinforcement are determined using the classical theory by adding the component responsible for the tension stiffening phenomenon. Area D is the area in the vicinity of the semi-rigid joint, where the principle of flat sections cannot be applied. To calculate stresses, consider the balance of joints using the available models of the semi-rigid joint, in particular the spring model. The paper presents the formulas for calculating stresses in the D area for two types semi-rigid joints: joint with a flush end-plate with 2 rows of bolts are used and joint with an extended end-plate with 3 rows of bolts are used.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Niedośpiał
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

Cracking control technique for continuous steel-concrete composite girders under negative bending moment

Min Cai Wenjie Li Zhiyong Wan Jianjun Sheng Juliang Tan Chao Ma
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 239-251 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.146078
Keywords continuous steel-concrete composite girder hogging moment cracking performance strengthening approach ultra-high performance concrete
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Abstract

Continuous steel-concrete composite girder can fully utilize material strength and possess large spanning ability for bridge constructions. However, the weak cracking resistance at the negative bending moment region of the girder seriously harms its durability and serviceability. This paper investigates practical techniques to improve the cracking performance of continuous steel-concrete composite girders subjected to hogging moment.Areal continuous girderwas selected as the background bridge and introduced for numerical analysis. Modeling results show that under the serviceability limit state, the principle stress of concrete slabs near the middle piers of the bridgewas far beyond the allowable material strength, producing a maximum tensile stress of 10.0 MPa. Approaches for strengthening concrete decks at the negative moment region were developed and the effectiveness of each approach was assessed by examing the tensile stress in the slabs. Results indicate that the temporary counterweight approach decreased the maximum tensile stress in concrete slabs by 22%. Due to concrete shrinkage and creep, more than 65% of the prestressed compressive stresses in concrete slabs were finally dispersed to the steel beams. A thin ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) overlay at the hogging moment region effectively increased the cracking resistance of the slabs, and practical engineering results convicted the applicability of the UHPC technique.
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Authors and Affiliations

Min Cai
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wenjie Li
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zhiyong Wan
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jianjun Sheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Juliang Tan
4
ORCID: ORCID
Chao Ma
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Guangdong Highway Construction Co., LTD, 510623 Guangzhou, China
  2. Guangdong Yunmao Expressway Co. Ltd, 525346 Guangzhou, China
  3. Guangdong Communication Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd,510507 Guangzhou, China
  4. Guangdong Communication Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd, 510507 Guangzhou, China

Mechanical behavior improving study of concrete deck of main beam at pylon root of composite beam cable-stayed bridge

Tianyu Qi Chao Wang Xiang Pan Guining Han
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 2 | 271-289 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2024.149863
Keywords steel-concrete composite structures negative bending moment zone bridge deck finite element analysis zeroblock
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Abstract

Steel-concrete composite beam has been increasingly applied to large span cable-stayed bridges. It takes full advantage of the material properties of steel and concrete. However, the concrete deck bears tension in the negative moment zone, such as zero block, which is disadvantageous to structures. Aiming at this problem, a finite element model of the zero block in the negative moment zone of a semi-floating cable-stayed bridge is built, and the local mechanical performance of the bridge deck under completed status is studied. Based on the analysis results, three improvement measures have been proposed. The improvement effect of each method and composed of three methods has been studied. The numerical results show that the whole zero block zone is in the compressed state under the combined action of the bending moment and axial force of the stay cable. However, the local negative moment effect in the zero block zone is very prominent under the support of the diaphragm plate. Removing parts of the diaphragm plate at the bearing position can significantly improve local mechanical behavior in the concrete deck, which transfers the local support to the adjacent two diaphragm plates. The composed improvement effect is prominent when the three measures are adopted simultaneously.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tianyu Qi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chao Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiang Pan
3
ORCID: ORCID
Guining Han
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment,Wuhan.Hubei, China
  2. Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, KeyLaboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education,Wuhan. Hubei, China
  3. Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment,Wuhan. Hubei, China

Analysis of Temperature-Field and Stressfield of Steel Plate Concrete Composite Shear Wall in Early Stage of Construction

Yun Sun Yaojie Guo
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 351-366 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.136477
Keywords steel plate concrete composite shear wall temperature field stress field thermal analysis cracking
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Abstract

To study the influence of temperature field and stress field on the cracking of the small thickness steel plate concrete composite shear wall (SPCW) in the early stage of construction. The temperature field and stress field of a 400 mm thickness SPCW was monitored and simulated through experimental research and numerical simulation. Moreover, a series of parameter analyses were carried out by using ANSYS to investigate the distribution of temperature field and stress field of SPCW. Based on the analysis results, some suggestions are put forward for controlling the cracking of SPCW in the early stage of construction. The results show that the temperature stress of 400 mm thickness SPCW in the early stage of construction is small, and there is no crack on the wall surface. For SPCW with thickness less than 800mm, the temperature stress caused by hydration heat in the early stage of construction is small, and the wall will not crack. The parameters such as wall thickness, steel plate thickness, boundary condition and stud space significantly influence the temperature field and stress field distribution of the small thickness SPCW in the early stage of construction, and reasonable maintenance measures can avoid cracking.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yun Sun
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yaojie Guo
1
  1. Wuhan University, School of Civil Engineering, No.8 of Donghu South Road in Wuhan, Hubei, China

Aluminium members in composite structures – a review

Marcin Chybiński Łukasz Polus Maciej Szumigała
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 253-274 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.143037
Keywords aluminium alloys aluminium-concrete composite beams aluminium-timber composite beams concrete-filled aluminium tubes engineered wood products
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Abstract

This paper presents a review of composite structures in which aluminium alloys are used. Current trends in the research of composite structures with aluminium girders and their possible applications in structural engineering were shown. In the presented solutions, advantageous properties of aluminium alloys were exploited, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and recyclability. The authors demonstrated the structural behaviour of aluminium-concrete and aluminiumtimber composite beams based on their own tests as well as investigations presented in the literature. Furthermore, aluminium-concrete composite columns, a composite mullion made of an aluminium alloy and timber, and a military bridge consisting of aluminium truss components, a stay-in-place-form, reinforcement and concrete were presented. In addition to the description of the structural elements, the main conclusions from their experimental, theoretical and numerical analyses were also demonstrated in this paper. The connection of aluminium girders with concrete or timber slabs provided for the increase of the load-bearing capacity and stiffness, and it eliminated the problem of local buckling in girder flanges and lateral-torsional buckling of girders in the analysed solutions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Chybiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Polus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Szumigała
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Piotrowo 5 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

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