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Abstrakt

The changes in the paralinguistic (social, economic, cultural) and linguistic sphere influence the quantitative and qualitative changes in a categorically diversified onomastic resource and the communicative flow of its elements on three levels of linguistic contact — nationwide, local and individual. The flow is additionally determined in the sphere of spontaneous everyday communication and in higher communicative functions (official linguistic behaviour). The accumulation of determinants which allow the usage of appropriate names and appellative forms (official and unofficial, e.g. diminutives, feminisms) involves the application of cumulative research methods, including psycho-, socio- and pragmalinguistic description of proper names functioning in communication. The contemporary theory of discourse in its three dimensions — formal, functional and interactional gives this possibility. It also requires the constant specification and standardization of Neoslavonic onomastic terminology.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Robert Mrózek

Abstrakt

The article describes one of the methods for computing determinants without using fractions proposed by Bareiss. This problem has a clear algorithmic character in nature and refers to the field of computer algebra. The implementation of this algorithm is proposed in the known Maxima system of symbolic computations. In addition, this method makes it possible to get enough convenient formula for the calculation of the matrix of unitriangular transformation of a quadratic form to a canonical one.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

O. Porkuian
A. Timoshyn
L. Timoshyna

Abstrakt

The research was carried out on two different industrial wastes deposited on the premises of a chemical plant: used graphite electrode after electrolysis of brine applying the mercury-cathode method and coal catalyst past the usage period after the synthesis of vinyl chloride. The need for utilization of the waste necessitated development of a fast and reliable procedure for mercury determination. We have found procedures for mineralization of coal samples and determination of small concentrations of mercury by the cold vapour of atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS) in the available literature. Six procedures for passing mercury from the examined waste into solutions were tested, and mercury was assayed using the titration method of Wickbold and CV AAS. The results were evaluated statistically. It has been found that four ways to mineralize the examined industrial waste samples can be used.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jerzy Ciba
Joanna Kluczka
Maria Zolotajkin

Abstrakt

O znaczanie zawartości pierwiastków ekotoksycznych bezpośrednio w gazach spalinowych jest istotne z punktu widzenia określenia ich rzeczywistej emisji z procesów spalania. Ponadto, w przyjętych w 2017 roku konkluzjach BAT dla dużych obiektów energetycznego spalania, oprócz zaostrzenia norm emisji zanieczyszczeni do otoczenia tj. SO 2, NO x, pyłów oraz ustanowienia pułapów emisyjnych dla m.in. rtęci, został wprowadzony obowiązek monitorowania rzeczywistej emisji pierwiastków toksycznych z procesów spalania z wykorzystaniem konkretnych metod analitycznych. W artykule dokonano przeglądu i zestawienia dostępnych metod badania zawartości pierwiastków w gazach spalinowych zgodnie z amerykańskimi, jak i europejskimi normami. Przeprowadzony przegląd literatury obejmował zarówno metody manualne, jak i automatyczne. Dokonano ponadto identyfikacji czynników wpływających na jakość uzyskanych wyników pomiarowych.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Faustyna Wierońska-Wiśniewska
Dorota Makowska
Andrzej Strugała

Abstrakt

Evaluation apprehension is the anxiety arising from a concern that one’s knowledge or expertise may be evaluated unfavorably by an audience. In this regard, the educational field comprising students’ discussions, lectures, presentations, and interactions is not an exception. Plethora of studies on student apprehension demonstrated that the construct is under the influence of different factors and can create various consequences. The aim of the present review is to complement and encapsulate previous research on student apprehension by providing an updated review on the concept in different disciplines. Data from 30 studies published in Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and System were coded based on a coding scheme. The studies were broadly classified into four categories in the realm of education in terms of students’ disciplines; namely, Second/Foreign Language Learning (9 studies), Accounting and Finance (4 studies), Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy (6 studies), and miscellaneous disciplines (11 studies). The focus of this review pivoted around antecedents and consequences of student apprehension in each field. The analysis demonstrated the multidimensional nature of the construct caused by a host of variables and resulting in a multitude of ramifications. Based on these findings, some implications and strategies for mitigating student evaluation apprehension are presented.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Safoura Jahedizadeh
Behzad Ghonsooly
Azar Hosseini Fatemi

Abstrakt

The spectacular surge of Poland's VAT revenues after 2015 prompted a discussion about the role of the tax administration in collecting tax liabilities. Unfortunately, the scarcity of the available data prevents empirical studies from reaching reliable conclusions about the determinants of VAT revenues. Given that, this article presents a wider attempt at identifying the determinants of VAT revenues in the EU Member States. Using panel cointegration methods, several working hypotheses linking VAT gap to income factors, the business cycle, tax carousels, and an effectiveness of the government are evaluated. The results of the research provide evidence that the VAT gap in the EU countries is under a strong influence from variables approximating changes in per capita incomes, the business cycle, and the openness of an economy to intra-EU trade. The latter finding is a sufficient indication that the improvements made to Poland's tax system were both legitimate and effective.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Robert Kelm
1

  1. Chair of Econometric Models and Forecasts, University of Lodz, Poland
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Abstrakt

W artykule omawiam modalną wersję tzw. argumentu z konsekwencji za inkompatybilizmem. Przedstawiam najczęściej pojawiające się w literaturze uwagi krytyczne i staram się na nie odpowiedzieć. Główna strategia podważania argumentu polega na wynajdywaniu takich sensów użytych w nim wyrażeń, przy których przesłanki okazują się fałszywe, konkluzja nie dość mocna, reguły niepoprawne. Kwestionuję tę strategię i twierdzę, że argument z konsekwencji należy uznać za poprawny. Jest on bardzo mocną racją za prawdziwością inkompatybilizmu.
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Bibliografia

Beebee H. (2013), Free Will. An Introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Beebee H., Mele A. (2002), Humean Compatibilism, „Mind” 111, s. 201–223.
Campbell J.K. (2007), Free Will and the Necessity of the Past, „Analysis” 67, s. 105– 111.
Campbell J.K. (2010), Compatibilism and Fatalism: Reply to Loss, „Analysis” 70, s. 71–76.
Ginet C. (1966), Might We Have No Choice?, w: K. Lehrer (red.), Freedom and Determinism, New York: Random House, s. 87–104.
Grobler A. (2006), Metodologia nauk, Kraków: Aureus – Znak.
Huemer M. (2000), Van Inwagen’s Consequence Argument, „The Philosophical Review” 109, s. 525–544.
Kane R. (2007), Libertarianism, w: J.M. Fischer, R. Kane, D. Pereboom, M. Vargas, Four Views on Free Will, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, s. 5–43.
Lewis D. (1979), Counterfactual Dependence and Time’s Arrow, „Nous” 13, s. 455– 476.
Lewis D. (1981), Are We Free to Break the Laws?, „Theoria” 3, s. 113–121.
McKay T.J., Johnson D. (1996), A Reconsideration of An Argument Against Compatibilism, „Philosophical Topics” 24, s. 113–122.
Speak D. (2012), The Consequence Argument Revisited, w: R. Kane (red.), The Oxford Handbook of Free Will, Oxford Handbooks Online, www.oxfordhandbooks.com.
Van Inwagen P. (1975), The Incompatibility of Free Will and Determinism, „Philosophical Studies” 27, s. 185–199.
Van Inwagen P. (1983), An Essay on Free Will, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Van Inwagen P. (2000), Free Will Remains a Mystery, „Philosophical Perspectives” 14, s. 1–19.
Vihvelin K. (2000), Libertarian Compatibilism, „Philosophical Perspectives” 14, s. 139–166.
Warfield T.A. (2000), Causal Determinism and Human Freedom are Incompatible: A New Argument for Incompatibilism, „Philosophical Perspectives” 14, s. 167–180.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Nowakowski
1

  1. Uniwersytet Marii Curie‑Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Wydział Filozofii i Socjologii, Pl. M. Curie‑Skłodowskiej 4, 20‑031 Lublin

Abstrakt

Niniejszy tekst jest próbą zwięzłego przedstawienia poglądów Petera Strawsona wyrażonych w jego szeroko dyskutowanym artykule Freedom and Resentment. Zaczynamy od uwag dotyczących pozycji tego artykułu wśród prac Strawsona oraz powodów, dla których cieszy się on ogromnym uznaniem wielu współczesnych autorów piszących o odpowiedzialności lub wolnej woli. Następnie przechodzimy do kwestii związanych z tym, jak należy odczytywać zasadniczą myśl Strawsona sformułowaną we Freedom and Resentment. Najpierw przedstawiamy najczęściej sugerowaną wykładnię tego artykułu, która – przynajmniej na pierwszy rzut oka – zdaje się oddawać w sposób dość przekonujący wywody Strawsona. Po tych rozważaniach proponujemy nieco inne spojrzenie na główną linię dociekań Strawsona i na jego naczelne przesłanie. Argumentujemy, że naczelnym tematem tego artykułu jest filozoficzny problem kary. To ten problem – jak sądzimy – jest zasadniczym przedmiotem sporu pomiędzy optymistą/kompatybilistą i pesymistą/libertarianinem.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Przemysław Gut
Stefaan E. Cuypers
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Abstrakt

The objective of the research was to investigate the efficiency of selected methods of data fusion from visual sensors used on-board satellites for attitude measurements. Data from a sun sensor, an earth sensor, and a star tracker were fused, and selected methods were applied to calculate satellite attitude. First, a direct numerical solution, a numerical and analytical solution of the Wahba problem, and the TRIAD method for attitude calculation were compared used for integrating data produced by a sun sensor and an earth sensor. Next, attitude data from the star tracker and earth/sun sensors were integrated using two methods: weighted average and Kalman filter. All algorithms were coded in the MATLAB environment and tested using simulation models of visual sensors. The results of simulations may be used as an indication for the best data fusion in real satellite systems. The algorithms developed may be extended to incorporate other attitude sensors like inertial and/or GNSS to form a complete satellite attitude system.
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Bibliografia

  1.  E. Babcock, “CubeSat Attitude Determination via Kalman Filtering of Magnetometer and Solar Cell Data,” in 25th AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, 2011, [Online]. Available: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2011/all2011/56/.
  2.  M. Fakhari Mehrjardi, H. Sanusi, Mohd.A.Mohd. Ali, and M.A. Taher, “Three-Axis Attitude Estimation Of Satellite Through Only Two- Axis Magnetometer Observations Using LKF Algorithm,” Metrol. Meas. Syst., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 577–590, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/104365/edition/90368.
  3.  T. Nguyen, K. Cahoy, and A. Marinan, “Attitude Determination for Small Satellites with Infrared Earth Horizon Sensors,” J. Spacecr. Rockets, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1466– 1475, 2018, doi: 10.2514/1.A34010.
  4.  Y.T. Chiang, F.R. Chang, L.S. Wang, Y.W. Jan, and L.H. Ting, “Data fusion of three attitude sensors,” in SICE 2001. Proceedings of the 40th SICE Annual Conference. International Session Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8603), 2002, pp. 234–239, doi: 10.1109/SICE.2001.977839.
  5.  H. Kim, J. Hong, W. Park, and C. Ryoo, “Satellite celestial navigation using star-tracker and earth sensor,” in 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS), Oct. 2015, pp. 461–465, doi: 10.1109/ICCAS.2015.7364961.
  6.  L. Yuqing, Y. Tianshe, L. Jian, F. Na, and W. Guan, “A fault diagnosis method by multi sensor fusion for spacecraft control system sensors,” in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Aug. 2016, pp. 748–753, doi: 10.1109/ICMA.2016.7558656.
  7.  F.L. Markley, “Attitude Determination Using Two Vector Measurements,” 1998. [Online]. Available: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search. jsp?R=19990052720.
  8.  J.J. Moré, “The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm: Implementation and theory,” in Numer. Anal., vol. 630, 1978, pp. 105–116.
  9.  A. Forsgren, P.E. Gill, and M.H. Wright, “Interior Methods for Nonlinear Optimization,” SIAM Rev., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 525–597, Jan. 2002, doi: 10.1137/S0036144502414942.
  10.  E.B. Dam, M. Koch, and M. Lillholm, “Quaternions, Interpolation and Animation,” Copenhagen, 1998. [Online]. Available: https://web. mit.edu/2.998/www/QuaternionReport1.pdf.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Janusz Narkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mateusz Sochacki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Rodacki
1
Damian Grabowski
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, ul. Nowowiejska 24, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono dwie alternatywne propozycje opracowania kinematycznych sieci modularnych. Pierwszy sposób polega na zastosowaniu idei transformacji wielogrupowej, co sprowadza się do zestawienia układu równań warunkowych z niewiadomymi. Parametry kinematyczne (prędkości ruchu punktów) wyznaczane są w tym przypadku po wyrównaniu obserwacji, łącznie ze współrzędnymi punktów. Druga pozycja opiera się na idei klasycznej metody parametrycznej. Podano zależności teoretyczne dla modeli funkcjonalnych wyrównania sieci według każdej z metod. Przedstawiono uwarunkowania praktyczne, dotyczące wykorzystania zaproponowanych modeli (metod) przy konstruowaniu szczegółowych algorytmów obliczeniowych. Technologia sieci modularnych może stanowić odpowiednią metodę geodezyjnego wyznaczania przemieszczeń, zwłaszcza w trudnych warunkach terenowych (skarpy, zadrzewienia, niekorzystna ekspozycja na sygnały satelitarne)
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tadeusz Gargula
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

The United Nations General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 to achieve an equitable and sustainable future for all by 2030. This study aims to model the relationship between government revenue per capita, quality of governance and the targets of several of these goals, including the coverage of the critical determinants of health; water, sanitation, healthcare, and education. We used government revenue because the policies and practices of international and multinational organisations - including corporations and banks - are more likely to influence revenue rather than government spending in countries in which they are engaged. Also, government revenue reflects a government's ability to spend across all sectors rather than just health or education. An unbalanced non-linear panel data model was employed, and annual data on 217 countries over the period 1960-2000 was used. The coverage of the Sustainable Development Goal variables was expressed as percentages and measures of the quality of governance included in the model. A linear relationship between revenue and the determinants of health would not be appropriate; therefore, we employ a logistic function. A standard panel logistic function would impose the same shape “S” curve on all countries, which is inappropriate. Therefore, we augment the parameters of the logistic function with measures of the quality of governance in each country, which allows each country to have a different “S” shape as the quality of its governance varies. Our study found that increased government revenue is associated with increased progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. An improvement in the quality of governance could amplify this effect. This modelling and its accompanying visualisations can predict the potential of an increase in government revenue in an individual country regarding progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bernadette O'hare
1
Steve G. Hall
2

  1. St Andrews University, United Kingdom
  2. Leicester University, United Kingdom, Pretoria University, South Africa

Abstrakt

The presented study is based on three theoretical approaches: the sociocultural model of eating disorders, self- determination theory and objectification theory. The study has two aims. Firstly, to test a model of body dissatisfaction in women based on these theories and secondly, to experimentally examine the effect of low-intensity fat talk on body dissatisfaction and its related variables. The results showed that body surveillance and self-determination were directly associated with body dissatisfaction. There was an indirect effect of thin-ideal internalization on body dissatisfaction as well as an indirect effect of self-determination on body dissatisfaction, both through body surveillance. The experimental effect of this subtle form of fat talk was not confirmed. However, the content analysis of the participants’ short texts revealed that even this form of fat talk was associated with marked body dissatisfaction and negative emotions for some participants. In summary, body surveillance was a central variable in the model of body dissatisfaction in young women. This habit of constant monitoring of body appearance is not trivial and should be addressed in interventions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Eva Paulisova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Orosova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic

Abstrakt

Autor stara się wyjaśnić, jakie konsekwencje dla moralności społecznej pociąga za sobą przyjęcie tezy, że postawy moralne wyrażają się nie tylko w słowach, ale także w postawach reaktywnych. Peter F. Strawson przyjmuje pogląd, że objawy resentymentu mogą zmienić postawy osób odpowiedzialnych za ich wywołanie. Z drugiej strony, umiemy kontrolować postawy gniewu i zniecierpliwienia w zależności od tego, jakie motywy przypisujemy sprawcom i jaką zdolność samokontroli. Wydaje się ponadto, że postawy reaktywne, choć są mniej jednoznaczne niż wypowiedzi słowne, są jednocześnie bardziej szczere i uczciwe.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jacek Hołówka
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstrakt

Geographic trajectory of a pipeline is important information for pipeline maintenance and leak detection. Although accurate trajectory of a ground pipeline usually can be directly measured by using global positioning system technology, it is much difficult to determine trajectory for an underground pipeline where global positioning system signal cannot be received. In this paper, a new method to determine trajectory for an underground pipeline by using a pipeline inspection robot is proposed. The robot is equipped with a low-cost inertial measurement unit and odometers. The kinematic model, measurement model and error propagation model are established for estimating position, velocity and attitude of the robot. The path reconstruction algorithm for the robot is proposed to improve accuracy of trajectory determination based on pipeline features. The experiment is given to illustrate that the position errors of the proposed method are less than 40% of that of the standard extended Kalman filter.
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Bibliografia

[1] Liu, Z.,&Kleiner,Y. (2013). State of the art reviewof the inspection technologies for condition assessment of water pipes. Measurement, 46(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.05.032
[2] Kishawy, H. A., & Gabbar, H. A. (2010). Review of pipeline integrity management practices. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 87(7), 373–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/ https://j.ijpvp.2010.04.003
[3] Zhang, T.,Wang, X., Chen, Y., Shuai, Y., Ullah, Z., Ju, H., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Geomagnetic detection method for pipeline defects based on ceemdan and WEP-TEO. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 26(2), 345–361. https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2019.128363
[4] Ju, H.,Wang, X., Zhang, T., Zhao, Y., & Ullah, Z. (2019). Defect recognition of buried pipeline based on approximate entropy and variational mode decomposition. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 26(4), 735–755. https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2019.129587
[5] Piao, G., Guo, J., Hu, T.,&Deng, Y. (2019). High-sensitivity real-time tracking system for high-speed pipeline inspection gauge. Sensors, 19(3), 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030731
[6] De Araújo, R. P., De Freitas, V. C. G., De Lima, G. F., Salazar, A. O., Neto, A. D. D., & Maitelli, A. L. (2018). Pipeline inspection gauge’s velocity simulation based on pressure differential using artificial neural networks. Sensors, 18(9), 3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093072
[7] Chowdhury, M. S., & Abdel-Hafez, M. F. (2016). Pipeline inspection gauge position estimation using inertial measurement unit, odometer, and a set of reference stations. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems Part B: Mechanical Engineering, 2(2), 021001-1-10. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4030945
[8] Coramik, M., & Ege, Y. (2017). Discontinuity inspection in pipelines: a comparison review. Measurement, 111, 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.07.058
[9] Idroas, M., Abd Aziz, M. F. A., Zakaria, Z., & Ibrahim, M. N. (2019). Imaging of pipeline irregularities using a PIG system based on reflection mode ultrasonic sensors. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, 20(2), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOGCT.2019.097449
[10] Li, Z., Wang, J., Li, B., & Gao, J. (2014). GPS/INS/Odometer integrated system using fuzzy neural network for land vehicle navigation. Journal of Navigation, 67(6), 967–983. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S0373463314000307
[11] Jiang, Q., Wu, W., Jiang, M., & Li, Y. (2017). A new filtering and smoothing algorithm for railway track surveying based on landmark and IMU/odometer. Sensors, 17(6), 1438. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/s17061438
[12] Georgy, J., Karamat, T., Iqbal, U., & Noureldin, A. (2011). Enhanced MEMS-IMU/odometer/GPS integration using mixture particle filter. GPS Solutions, 15(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-010-0186-4
[13] Zhao, Y. (2015) Cubature plus extended hybrid Kalman filtering method and its application in PPP/IMU tightly coupled navigation systems. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(12), 6973–6985. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2015.2469105
[14] Guan, L., Cong, X., Zhang, Q., Liu, F., Gao, Y., An, W., & Noureldin, A. (2020). A comprehensive review of micro-inertial measurement unit based intelligent PIG multi-sensor fusion technologies for small-diameter pipeline surveying. Micromachines, 11(9), 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11090840
[15] Wang, L., Wang, W., Zhang, Q., & Gao, P. (2014). Self-calibration method based on navigation in high-precision inertial navigation system with fiber optic gyro. Optical Engineering, 53(6), 064103. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.53.6.064103
[16] Usarek, Z., &Warnke, K. (2017). Inspection of gas pipelines using magnetic flux leakage technology. Advances in Materials Science, 17(3), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0014
[17] Sasani, S., Asgari, J., & Amiri-Simkooei, A. R. (2016). Improving MEMS-IMU/GPS integrated systems for land vehicle navigation applications. GPS solutions, 20(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0471-3
[18] Hyun, D., Yang, H. S., Park, H. S., & Kim, H. J. (2010). Dead-reckoning sensor system and tracking algorithm for 3-D pipeline mapping. Mechatronics, 20(2), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.mechatronics.2009.11.009
[19] Lee, D. H., Moon, H., Koo, J. C., & Choi, H. R. (2013). Map building method for urban gas pipelines based on landmark detection. International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, 11(1), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-012-0049-6
[20] Li, T., Zhang, H., Niu, X., & Gao, Z. (2017). Tightly-coupled integration of multi-GNSS singlefrequency RTK and MEMS-IMU for enhanced positioning performance. Sensors, 17(11), 2462. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112462
[21] Sahli, H., & El-Sheimy, N. (2016). A novel method to enhance pipeline trajectory determination using pipeline junctions. Sensors, 16(4), 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16040567
[22] Guan, L., Cong, X., Sun, Y., Gao, Y., Iqbal, U., & Noureldin, A. (2017). Enhanced MEMS SINS aided pipeline surveying system by pipeline junction detection in small diameter pipeline, IFACPapersOnLine, 50(1), 3560–3565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.962
[23] Crassidis, J. L., & Junkins, J. L. (2011). Optimal Estimation of Dynamic Systems. CRC press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11154
[24] Noureldin, A., Karamat, T. B., & Georgy, J. (2012). Fundamentals of Inertial Navigation, Satellite- Based Positioning and their Integration. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-642-30466-8
[25] Xu, L., Li, X. R., Duan, Z., & Lan, J. (2013). Modeling and state estimation for dynamic systems with linear equality constraints. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 61(11), 2927–939. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2013.2255045
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Shuo Zhang
1
Stevan Dubljevic
1

  1. University of Alberta, Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, T6G 2R3 Edmonton, AB, Canada

Abstrakt

W procesie tworzenia oraz modernizacji i aktualizacji baz danych ewidencji gruntów i budynków potrzebna jest znajomość dokładności analitycznego obliczenia pola powierzchni. Znajomość precyzyjnie wyznaczonego pola powierzchni jest nieodzowna również przy realizacji innych przedsięwzięć gospodarczych, chociażby w zakresie obsługi inwestycji lub kontroli dopłat bezpośrednich dla rolnictwa realizowanych w ramach Zintegrowanego Systemu Zarządzania i Kontroli (!ACS). W sytuacji dwukrotnego wyznaczania pola powierzchni obiektu ze współrzędnych jego punktów wierzchołkowych, wyznaczonych na podstawie wyników dwóch niezależnych, jednakowo dokładnych pomiarów, również stwierdza się różnicę w uzyskanych wynikach obliczeń. Wielkość stwierdzonej różnicy, powstałej w naturalny sposób - wskutek działania prawa przenoszenia się błędów, należy poddać dyskusji w aspekcie jej dopuszczalności. W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono analizę obowiązujących w Polsce uwarunkowań technicznych i prawnych w zakresie dopuszczalnych błędów analitycznego wyznaczenia powierzchni. Przedstawiono następnie sposób wyznaczenia wielkości dopuszczalnych różnic dwukrotnego obliczenia pola powierzchni obiektów katastralnych (i innych) ze współrzędnych punktów załamania ich granic, przy założeniu wyznaczenia tych współrzędnych z obowiązującą dokładnością (tj. stanowiącą łącznie błąd położenia punktu nie większy niż O. I O m) oraz z uwzględnieniem kształtu obiektu geometrycznego i wielkości jego pola powierzchni. Zaproponowano wzór definiujący maksymalną wielkość dopuszczalnej różnicy dwukrotnego obliczenia pola powierzchni, która jest funkcją powierzchni działki i jej kształtu oraz dokładności wyznaczenia położenia jej punktów wierzchołkowych. W dalszej kolejności wyniki uzyskane z użyciem zaproponowanego wzoru porównano z wynikami otrzymanymi przy wykorzystaniu obowiązującej w Polsce formuły oraz innymi wzorami zaczerpniętymi z literatury. Zrealizowane badania wykazały, iż w celu zapisywania pól powierzchni obiektów katastralnych zgodnie z obowiązującymi przepisami należy znacznie podnieść dokładność wyznaczania położenia punktów granicznych.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adam Doskocz

Abstrakt

Celem artykułu jest przytoczenie argumentów na rzecz tezy, że o kwestiach moralnych nie sposób decydować bez odwoływania się do rozstrzygnięć natury ontologicznej. Ilustracją głównej linii argumentacyjnej jest wybór Cyphera – jednego z pobocznych bohaterów filmu Matrix. Cypher decyduje się na zdradę walczących o wolność ludzi w zamian za dostanie życie w rzeczywistości wirtualnej. Wybór ten wydaje się przy pierwszej analizie problemu całkowicie naganny, gdyż wiąże się z porzuceniem świata rzeczywistego i prowadzeniem pozornie nieautentycznego życia w symulacji komputerowej. Argumentować można jednak, że dychotomia świata rzeczywistego i wirtualnego jest jedynie pozorna. Wybierając rzeczywistość wirtualną Cypher wybrał funkcjonowanie w świecie, który tak samo jak świat rzeczywisty umożliwia zaistnienie podmiotowości moralnej i autentyczne przeżywanie. To, co różni oba światy, to z pewnością rodzaje determinacji jakim podlega podmiot. Cypher woli żyć w świecie, w którym podlega determinacjom narzucanym przez Matrix, niż w świecie realnym, gdzie jego zachowanie determinowane jest przez geny i imperatywy biologiczne.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jacek Gurczyński

Abstrakt

The distribution of net profit is one of the basic problems of the financial strategy of companies. The amount of retained earnings affects the level of investment and the pace of their development, whereas the level of dividends translates into stock prices. Therefore, it is assumed that maintaining the right proportions in the distribution of net profit into the retained part and the part transferred to the shareholders will translate into the company’s value. The first part of the paper contains theoretical considerations on macroeconomic, microeconomic and the capital market determinants influencing companies’ distribution of net profit. A large group of microeconomic factors – long-term trends in changes of net profit, shareholder structure, the company’s life cycle and its investment opportunities – as well as a selection of financing sources facilitating the attainment of the optimal capital structure are discussed. The most important macroeconomic factors include the economic situation, the level of inflation, sector specifics and the situation on the stock market. The authors present the results of empirical research in which they assume that the dividend yield of companies from the oil and gas sector influences the value of the company depending on the level of investments shaping the book value of shares, and that the dividend yield affects the duration of the return on capital expressed as the price to net profit ratio, and thus the level of company risk. The calculated Pearson linear correlation coefficients show an insignificant influence of the dividend yield on the value of companies from the oil and gas sector. This value is determined by a number of other factors. The study is based on statistical data for 2010–2020 derived from Warsaw Stock Exchange Yearbooks.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Agata Sierpińska-Sawicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maria Sierpińska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Economics, Poznań, Poland
  2. University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland

Abstrakt

Modelowanie matematyczne procesów przeróbczych jest zadaniem bardzo złożonym ze względu na losowy charakter rozdrabnianych materiałów, pozwalający jednak na zastosowanie ogólnie obowiązujących praw zachowania i transportu mas. Podstawową metodą opisu efektów procesów rozdrabniania jest określenie krzywych składu ziarnowego produktów. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję stosowania cenzurowanych rozkładów wielkości ziarna, tzn. wzorów na dystrybuanty rozkładów: potęgowego, Weibulla, logarytmiczno-normalnego i logistycznego jako podstawy opisu prac kruszarek (wzory 1, 2, 3, 4). Cenzurowanie rozkładów realizowane jest poprzez przyjęcie rozmiaru maksymalnego ziarna dmax, a kształt ich dystrybuant zależy od parametrów kształtu i skali. Powiązanie parametrów technicznych urządzeń rozdrabniających z parametrami wzorów określających dystrybuanty produktów pozwala na stworzenie satysfakcjonujących modeli procesów rozdrabniania. Po zastosowaniu uogólnionych krzywych rozdziału możliwy jest opis procesów przesiewania (wzory 6a i 6b), a w dalszej kolejności układów procesów rozdrabniania. Optymalizację procesów produkcji kruszyw można oprzeć na wprowadzeniu funkcji celu określającej zysk w zależności od ilości poszczególnych sortymentów. W przypadku analizy układów rozdrabniania (wzór 10) w przygotowaniu nadawy do procesów wzbogacania, funkcję celu należałoby oprzeć na poziomach odsłonięcia minerałów użytecznych w klasach. W artykule pokazano możliwość symulacji przebiegu procesów rozdrabniania, prowadzącej do określenia warunków optymalnych pracy układów złożonych z procesów rozdrabniania i przesiewania. Zwrócono uwagę na konieczność budowy empirycznych modeli procesów mielenia, które będą stanowiły uzupełnienie modeli wynikających z heurystycznej analizy zjawisk. Omówiono także elementarne zasady doboru postaci modeli oraz ich modyfikacji polegające na uzasadnieniu zależności parametrów rozkładu od podstawowych parametrów technicznych maszyn oraz właściwości rozdrabnianych materiałów. Artykuł jest wstępem do zamierzonych szerszych badań uogólnionego podejścia do powiązania właściwości materiałów uziarnionych z efektami rozdrabniania.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tadeusz Tumidajski
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

Objective: The current study aims to investigate, which of the factors are directly and indirectly associated with disordered eating in a non-clinical population of university students in Slovakia. Methods: 302 university students (52.3% female, M age=21) filled in a questionnaire assessing the perceived pressure to be thin, the internalization of appearance ideals, disordered eating, satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the regulation of exercise. The hypothesized model was tested with a parallel multiple mediation analysis using PROCESS macro.
Results: The pressure to be thin from partner, the internalization of appearance ideals and the controlled regulation of exercise were directly associated with disordered eating. The pressure to be thin from media was indirectly associated with disordered eating through the internalization of appearance ideals. The pressure to be thin from partner and from family as well as satisfaction of the need for competence were indirectly associated with disordered eating through the controlled regulation of exercise.
Conclusions: The results of the current study support the focus of the existing eating disorder interventions at decreasing the internalization of sociocultural appearance ideals. The results suggest the usefulness of incorporating the promotion of autonomous regulation of behaviour, especially with regard to exercising, within the prevention and intervention field.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Eva Paulisova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Orosova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lucia Barbierik
2

  1. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Kosice
  2. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Faculty of Arts, Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Kosice

Abstrakt

W czterech tomach Filozofii i wartości Bogusława Wolniewicza (1993, 1998, 2003, 2016) zawarty jest jego system filozofii normatywnej. Wolniewicz podejmuje tradycję aksjologii H. Elzenberga, gdzie filozofia jest wojną światopoglądów, konfrontacją postaw wartościujących. Wizja świata Wolniewicza jest pesymistyczna: w świecie istnieje realne i aktywnie działające zło (manicheizm), ludzki charakter moralny jest narzucony biologicznie (determinizm), nie wszyscy ludzie mają sumienie (dualizm), zły charakter nie daje się poprawić (nonmelioryzm), rozum nie wystarcza do dobrego działania (woluntaryzm), wola jest siłą popędu (irracjonalizm). Wszyscy ludzie kierują się przyjemnością (hedonizm), ale jednym sprawia przyjemność egoistyczny interes, a innym realizacja wartości perfekcyjnych. Religia jest tworem ziemskim, powstaje jako reakcja istoty rozumnej na konieczność śmierci. Instytucja Kościoła powinna być szanowana nawet przez niewierzących, ponieważ sprzyja wartościom konserwatywnym. We współczesnym społeczeństwie zaostrza się podział na orientację konserwatywną („prawoskrętną”) i lewicową („lewoskrętną”), przy niejasnym udziale centrowych liberałów. Konserwatyzm opiera się na uznaniu siły losu („tychizm”), która ma moc przemienić ludzkie życie w tragedię. Jest to wizja świata zbieżna z religią katolicką św. Augustyna (grzech pierworodny, predestynacja, dualizm dobra i zła, państwo Boże i piekło), ale pozbawiona religijnej pociechy.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Kowalik
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

Zarówno H. Bergson, jak i G. Milhaud dokonują radykalnej krytyki koncepcji uniwersalnego determinizmu, gdyż uważają, że umysł jest w stanie działać w sposób wolny i twórczy. W moim artykule staram się zanalizować, w jakim stopniu ich argumenty, które mają na celu wykazanie tej autonomiczności, są zbieżne. Próbuję również ustalić, czy opowiedzenie się za wolnością aktów umysłowych prowadzi obu filozofów, po pierwsze, do tych samych wniosków odnośnie do zakresu poznawczego intelektu, oraz po drugie, do nadania podobnego statusu poznaniu naukowemu.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Elżbieta Walerich

Abstrakt

In 1995, Professor Krzysztof Skubiszewski added a Dissenting Opinion to the East Timor Judgment, wherein the ICJ declined jurisdiction in a proceeding started by Portugal against Australia for its having concluded the East Timor Gap treaty with Indonesia, in blatant violation of the East Timorese’s right to self-determination. Ad-hoc Judge Skubiszewski posited that the Court should have accepted jurisdiction and he presented a series of convincing arguments for this proposition. In 2019 the ICJ rendered an Opinion in the Chagos Islands case. The fact that the ICJ accepted jurisdiction in this case demonstrates that an impressive development has taken place since 1995, one whereby many of Professor Skubiszewki’s requests have been implemented. At the same time however, the Chagos Opinion is not fully satisfying as it neglects, to a considerable extent, the human rights issue. This contribution shows that Skubiszewski’s Dissenting Opinion would have provided guidance also for these questions and that it remains as topical today as it was in 1995.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Peter Hilpold
ORCID: ORCID
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

The subject of the wind tunnel tests is a steel chimney 85 m high of cylindrical – type structure with a grid-type curtain structure situated at its upper part. The model of the upper part of the chimney made in the scale of 1:19 was equipped with 3 levels of wind pressure measurement points. Each level contained 24 points connected with pressure scanners. On the base of the pressure measurements, both mean and instantaneous aerodynamic drag and side force coefficients were determined. Next wind gust factors for these two wind action components were determined. Moreover, for each pressure signal Fast Fourier Transform was done. Mean wind action components were also determined using stain gauge aerodynamic balance. Obtained results make possible to conclude that the solution applied in the upper part of the designed chimney is correct from building aerodynamics point of view. Some minor vortex excitations were observed during model tests of the upper part of the chimney. The basic dynamic excitation of this part of the chimney is atmospheric turbulence.
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Bibliografia



[1] Zdravkovich M.M., “Review and classification oof various aerodynamic and hydrodynamic means for suppressing vortex shedding”. J.Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 7(2): pp. 145-189, 1981.
[2] Arunachalam, S., & Lakshmanan, N. (2015). “Across-wind response of tall circular chimneys to vortex shedding”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 145, pp. 187–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.06.005.
[3] Wang, L., & Fan, X. (2019). “Failure cases of high chimneys: A review”. Engineering Failure Analysis, 105, pp. 1107–1117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.07.032.
[4] Vickery, B. J., & Basu, R. I., “The response of reinforced concrete chimneys to vortex shedding”. Engineering Structures, 6(4), pp. 324–333, 1974
[5] Flaga A., “Wind vortex-induced excitation and vibration of slender structures-single structure of circular cross-section normal to flow”. Monograph No. 202. Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 1996.
[6] Lipecki, T., & Flaga, A. (2013). “Vortex excitation model. Part I. mathematical description and numerical implementation”. Wind and Structures, 16(5), pp. 457–476.
[7] Lipecki, T., & Flaga, A. (2013). “Vortex excitation model. Part II. application to real structures and validation”. Wind and Structures, 16(5), pp. 477–490, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.16.5.477.
[8] Brownjohn, J. M. W., Carden, E. P., Goddard, C. R., & Oudin, G. (2010). “Real-time performance monitoring of tuned mass damper system for a 183 m reinforced concrete chimney”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 98(3), pp. 169–179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.10.013.
[9] Christensen, R. M., Nielsen, M. G., & Støttrup-Andersen, U. (2017). “Effective vibration dampers for masts, towers and chimneys”. Steel Construction, 10(3), pp. 234–240, https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.201710032.
[10] Belver, A. V., Ibán, A. L., & Lavín Martín, C. E. (2012). “Coupling between structural and fluid dynamic problems applied to vortex shedding in a 90m steel chimney”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 100(1), pp. 30–37. .
[11] Verboom, G. K., & van Koten, H. (2010). “Vortex excitation: Three design rules tested on 13 industrial chimneys”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 98(3), pp. 145–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.10.008.
[12] Kawecki, J., & Żurański, J. A. (2007). ”Cross-wind vibrations of steel chimneys – A new case history”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 95(9–11), pp. 1166–1175.
[13] Lupi, F., Höffer, R., & Niemann, H.-J. (2021). “Aerodynamic damping in vortex resonance from aeroelastic wind tunnel tests on a stack”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 208, pp. 104–438.
[14] Lupi, F., Niemann, H.-J., & Höffer, R. (2017). “A novel spectral method for cross-wind vibrations: Application to 27 full-scale chimneys”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 171, pp. 353–365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.10.014.
[15] Rahman, S., Jain, A. K., Bharti, S. D., & Datta, T. K. (2020). “Comparison of international wind codes for across wind response of concrete chimneys”. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 207, pp. 104–401.
[16] Ruscheweyh H., “Dynamische Windwirkung an Bauwerken. Band 2: Praktische Anwendungen. Bauverlag”. Wiesbaden und Berlin, 1982.
[17] Blevins R.D., “Flow-induced vibration. Second edition”. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1990.
[18] Flaga A., “Wind engineering – fundamentals and applications” (in Polish), Arkady, Warsaw (2008).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Flaga
1
ORCID: ORCID
Renata Kłaput
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Flaga
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Krajewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wind Engineering Laboratory, Jana Pawła II 37/3a, 31-864 Cracow
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

Campylobacter spp. are the leading causes of ovine abortions leading to severe economic losses and a source of bacterial food borne illness in humans, posing a major public health concern. This study reports an increase in Brucella negative abortions in sheep farms in Kashmir, India in the last few years. Screening of sheep farms was carried to rule out Campylobacter abortion. Three Government sheep breeding farms in the Kashmir valley and some other private flocks were screened for the presence of C. jejuni and C. fetus subsp. fetus. A total of 217 samples comprising of 200 swabs (rectal and vaginal swabs; 100 each) from clinically healthy animals, ten vaginal swabs from cases of abortion and seven abomasal contents of the aborted fetuses were collected from sheep breeding farm Khimber (District, Srinagar), sheep breeding farm Goabal, the Mountain Research Centre for sheep and goats (MRCSG, SKUAST-K) (District, Ganderbal) and from private sheep breeders were screened. In the present study a total of 15.2% of samples were positive for different Campylobacter spp. by PCR. C. jejuni and C. coli were detected individually or coexisting by PCR in the rectal swabs from all farms, while C. fetus subsp. fetus was detected only in the vaginal swabs from private sheep farms and abortion samples. Additionally, C. jejuni was also isolated from vaginal swabs. A total of 5, 20 and 18 samples were confirmed positive by PCR for C. fetus subsp. fetus, C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. The Campylobacter isolates obtained in the present study were screened for flaA, cdtB, cadF, wlaN, pldA, virB and dnaJ virulence determinants. However, the isolates harboured flaA, cdtB and cadF virulence determinants only. The recovery of virulent Campylobacter isolates from healthy sheep fecal swabs in the present study may have longer human health implications. The presence of abortive strains of C. jejuni and C fetus subsp. fetus in sheep farms has long term economic implications in the Kashmir valley. This study emphasizes the need for efforts to be taken on farms to prevent animal infections and minimizing human exposure to these pathogens through proper hygiene and production practices as suggested by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
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Bibliografia

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Bisma G, Sabia Q, Zahid AK, Ahmad WS, Nabi MS, Ahmad MF, Isfaqul HM, Aasim H, Ali RM, Shafkat MK, Rafia M (2018) RFLP analysis of flagellin (Fla) gene of Campylobacter jejuni from ovines of Kashmir, India. J Food Saf 38: 12509.

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Chon JW, Seo KH, Kim B, Jeong D, Song KY (2020) Advanced methods for isolating from and confirming Campylobacter spp. in milk and dairy products. J Dairy Sci Biotechnol 38: 121-133.

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Datta S, Niwa H, Itoh K (2003) Prevalence of 11 pathogenic genes of Campylobacter jejuni by PCR in strains isolated from humans, poultry meat and broiler and bovine faeces. J Med Microbiol 52: 345-348.

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Dorsch MA, Casaux ML, Calleros L, Araoz V, Caffarena RD, Monesiglio C, Barcellos M, da Silva Silveira C, Perdomo Y, Banchero G, Uzal FA (2022) Placentitis and abortion caused by a multidrug resistant strain of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus in a sheep in Uruguay. Rev Ar-gent Microbiol 54: 25-30.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

M. Hafiz
1
S. Qureshi
1
M. Gulzar
1
Z. Kashoo
1
M. Sharief Banday
2
S. Farooq
1
M. Altaf Bhat
1
P. Dar
1
S.A. Hussain
3
S.M. Andrabi
4
M.I. Hussain
1
G. Badroo
1
F. ud Din
1

  1. Campylobacter Laboratory; Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama (Aulesteng)-19006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
  2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar- 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
  3. Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K) Shuhama (Aulesteng) Srinagar-19006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
  4. Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e -Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K) Shuhama (Aulesteng) Srinagar-19006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

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