Disappearance of iprodione deposits on peppers, eggplants and tomatoes grown in commercial greenhouses and in a foil tunnel were studied. It was found that iprodione residues on ripening fruits decreased according to simple regression lines. Their initial values dropped by half and reached zero levels within 2.5-2.8 and about 5 weeks after Rovral FLO 255 SC application, respectively. Iprodione deposits on pepper leaves dropped within four weeks only by 30% while on eggplant leaves in practice stayed at the same level. The chemical may be suitable for the comparative study of real disappearance of pesticides after their applications for the control of pests and diseases.

The objective of this work was to estimate the disappearance of pyrimethanil the active ingredient of Myth os 300 SC. At present, Myt hos 300 SC is commonly used for the protection of greenhouse vegetables against diseases of fungal origin. The behaviour ofpyrimethanil deposits was studied on tomato plants grown in commercial greenhouses sprayed with homogenous 0.15% aqueous solution of this plant protection product. It was found that the value of pyrimethanil residues on ripening fruits decreased by half and reached zero levels in 5. 7 and 13.7 days after Mythos 300 SC application, respectively. Pyrimethanil residues on tomato leaves decreased by half within 4.0 days and reached zero level in the first I 0.5 days. Therefore, in conditions of high infection pressure, there is a need to repeat the fungicide application as early as after 3 or 4 days after previous application of Mythos 300 SC.

Disappearance of chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, vinclozolin and carbendazim, as active ingredients of agrochemicals commonly used for the protection of greenhouse vegetables against fungal diseases, was studied comparatively. It was found that initial residues of chlorothalonil and dichlofluanid dropped by halfwithin 4 and 2 weeks after treatment, respectively, while the deposits of vinclozolin and carbendazim were the most persistent and after 5 weeks still constituted 50% of their initial levels. Therefore, the obtained results indicated that iprodione, procymidone and vinclozolin should ensure the longest effective protection of greenhouse tomatoes while chlorothalonil, and especially dichlofluanid, for the shortest.

The aim of this research was to prepare the basis for the certification of the apple orchard protection program by determining disappearance models for active ingredients (AIs) of plant protection products (PPPs) in fruits. Field trials were carried out in a conventional apple orchard protected with PPPs in accordance with the currently adopted program. Residues of their AIs were determined using Agilent GC-MS/MS 7000D and LC-MS/MS 6470 QQQ, and their decreases were expressed by the exponential formula: R _t = R ₀ × ^{e–k × t}. Of all the AIs found in mature fruits, captan disappeared at the fastest rate [t _(1/2) in the range of 9 to 13 days], followed by fluopyram [t _(1/2) = 13 days], tebuconazole [t _(1/2) = 14 days] and carbendazim [t _(1/2) in the range of 24 to 32 days]. With the exception of dithiocarbamates and some fungicides (e.g., Captan 80 WDG) based on captan and methyl thiophanate, other insecticides and fungicides currently recommended can be used up to 3 months before harvest practically with virtually no restrictions. From July 15 to August 15, the chemicals effective at application rates not exceeding 0.3 kg of AI per ha should be used. To protect apples against storage diseases, PPPs that are effective at a dose ≤ 0.1 kg AI per ha (e.g., certain triazoles or strobilurins) and applied not later than 1 month before harvest, should be used.

The number 1 aim of the paper is to note theoretical explanations of three facts: the remarkably rapid acceleration of the rate of growth of the per capita domestic product (GDP) in a small part of the world economy in the early 19th century, a strong stability of the per capita GDP growth rates in countries of that part since then, and a very strong divergence in the per capita GDP growth among the less developed countries. The number 2 aim is to note the probable implications of these explanations for the likely rate of global economic growth during this and next centuries.

The names of wives in Belarusian Narew dialects were most often formed from the husband’s name using the formatives -iχa, -ča and -ka. These forms were neutral in the past, and the formatives in questions were a maritonymic indicator. During the post-war period, particularly in the nineteen-seventies, a tendency for the gradual disappearance of wives’ names with the formatives -iχa, -ča and -ka was observed. The names of this type now refer almost exclusively to old women. They are used by persons of the oldest generation. In this usage, the names in question retain their maritonymic function and a neutral tinge. The names of wives with the formatives -iχa, -ča and -ka, used to refer to old women by young or middle-aged people, usually have an augmentative-pejorative or jocular- ironic connotation. The names of this type are gradually becoming functionally close to nicknames. What is conducive to the process is without doubt the archaic form of the names in question. The archaization of the traditional names of wives with the formatives -iχa, -ča and -ka is accompanied by the distinct activation, infl uenced by the Polish language, of maritonymic f Keywords: Białystok region, Narewka village and its vicinity, peripheral Belarusian dialects, mari-tonymic forms with the formative -iχa, -ča and -ka, disappearance and change of function Narewka village and its ormatives -ova, -ava, and partly -ina, -yna.