The scope of the paper refers to long- and medium-run trends of labour supply in Poland. The main purpose is to determine current trends in the labour supply and its projections till the year 2050. In the theoretical part of the paper determinants of labour supply are considered. The projections are based on the population forecasts till 2050 made by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (CSO) and by the authors’ own simulations. Several variants of upper limit of working age and activity rates are taken into account. The population forecasts by the CSO indicate it will occur big decrease of working age population till 2050. The biggest decrease will refer to the group of working age 18–59/64 years and the lowest decrease in the age group 18–66 years. The analysis shows that the declines in labour supply in the years 2020–2050 will occur in all variants of working age population, the biggest decline in the variant assuming the age group 18–59/64 and the smallest decline – in the group 15–74 years. Retirement age is of big importance for the size of labour supply. This is why it is recommended to encourage older people to prolong their economic activity. It is also necessary to increase activity rates in the working age population.

Na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu od kilku lat bardzo aktywnie działa Szkoła Nestorów Nauki, zorganizowana i prowadzona przez dwoje uczonych profesora Kazimierza Przyszczypkowskiego i doktor Izabelę Cytlak. W tej niezwykłej instytucji prowadzone są systematycznie wykłady akademickie dojrzałych wiekiem uczonych o najwybitniejszych kompetencjach. Dotychczas organizatorzy Szkoły Kazimierz Przyszczypkowski i Izabela Cytlak przygotowali trzy tomy zbiorów wykładów wygłoszonych w tej Szkole (dwa pierwsze nazwano „Wykłady nestorów nauki”): Nestorzy nauki Uniwersytetowi, 2019; Uniwersytet. Wspólnota różnorodności i różnicy, 2021; Uniwersytet. Otwarte przestrzenie dyskursów, 2023 (wszystkie opublikowane przez Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM).
Wykłady nestorów nauki odbywają się co miesiąc, gromadząc około 200 uczestników – naukowców z różnych dziedzin i młodzież akademicką oraz są transmitowane i utrwalane na YouTube. Autor artykułu omawia i analizuje te książki zbiorowe na tle innych badań, studiów i debat interdyscyplinarnych. Dowodzi, że Szkoła Nestorów Nauki w Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza jest unikatową w Polsce instytucją akademicką realizującą Humboldta ideę uniwersytetu.

The aim of this article is to draw attention to the growing phenomenon of working in retirement in the light of active and successful aging concepts. The change in attitudes towards aging, work and retirement among Poles can be seen as a kind of social process that has been ongoing since the early 1990s. Nowadays, more and more people of retirement age, anxious to remain active and independent for as long as possible, are delaying the moment of professional deactivation. The article presents the partial findings of research conducted by the author. The purpose of the qualitative study ”Attitudes towards retirement and type of reflexivity as determinants of positive aging” was to characterize the motivations for career continuation and the benefits of prolonged professional activity among people over 60. The findings—concerning participants considered professionals (n = 20) according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-08—suggest that continuing one’s career after reaching retirement age can be considered one of the strategies for achieving successful aging.

Due to their lower productivity, lower reliability, and lower economic stability, older power plants are leading to higher carbon emissions. Rather than simply focusing on the retirement and recuperation of power plants, this study focuses on generation expansion planning (GEP). Considering recuperation is economically and environmentally beneficial to power the power generating company. These criteria have made the GEP problem more complex. Hence, the applications of optimization algorithms are required to solve these complex, constrained, and large-scale problems. In this study, an effective hybrid spotted hyena-particle swarm optimization (HSHPSO) algorithm is proposed to handle the GEP problem for the Tamil Nadu power system. This case study addresses the GEP problem for a 7-year planning horizon (2020–2027), as well as a 14-year planning horizon (2020–2034). A significant reduction in total cost and pollution occurs by including retirement and recuperation in GEP. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed HSHPSO technique, it is compared with the existing technologies such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE). Compared to GEP with no recuperation or retirement, the total cost and CO2 emissions of the GEP have been reduced by 11.07% and 9.48%, respectively. Also, the results demonstrate that the HSHPSO algorithm outperformed other algorithms.

The article discusses the point of interconnection between historical policy and international human rights law standards on the example of a so-called decommunisation Act enacted in Poland in 2016 that reduces retirement pensions and other benefits to individuals who were employed or in service in selected state formations and institutions in 1944-1990, amending the Act adopted in 2009. The Act of 16 December 2016 is analyzed in the light of the standards of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), including relevant standards on coming to terms with the past as an element of transitional justice. The examination concludes that there is a discrepancy between the rationale for adopting this legislation in Poland, namely to reckon with the communist past and as such increase social trust in state institutions, and the legal solutions contained in the 2016 Act.