With improved technological successions, wireless communication applications have been incessantly evolving. Owing to the challenges posed by the multipath wireless channel, radio design prototypes have become elemental in all wireless systems before deployment. Further, different signal processing requirements of the applications, demand a highly versatile and reconfigurable radio such as Software Defined Radio (SDR) as a crucial device in the design phase. In this paper, two such SDR modules are used to develop an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) wireless link, the technology triumphant ever since 4G. In particular, a non-coherent end-to-end OFDM wireless link is developed in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band at a carrier frequency of 470 MHz. The transmitter includes Barker sequences as frame headers and pilot symbols for channel estimation. At the receiver, pulse alignment using Max energy method, frame synchronization using sliding correlator approach and carrier offset correction using Moose algorithm are incorporated. In addition, wireless channel is estimated using Least Square (LS) based pilot aided channel estimation approach with denoising threshold and link performance is analyzed using average Bit Error Rate (BER), in different pilot symbol scenarios. In a typical laboratory environment, the results of BER versus receiver gain show that with 4 pilot symbols out of 128 carriers, at a gain of 20 dB, BER is 0.160922, which is reduced to 0.136884 with 16 pilot symbols. The developed link helps OFDM researchers to mitigate different challenges posed by the wireless environment and thereby strengthen OFDM technology.

In recent years, power systems have been pushed to operate above their limits due to the increase in the demand for energy supply and its usage. This increase is accompanied by various kinds of obstructions in power transmission systems. A power system is said to be secured when it is free from danger or risk. Power systems security deals with the ability of the system to withstand any contingencies without any consequences. Contingencies are potentially harmful disturbances which occur during the steady state operation of a power system. Load flow constitutes the most important study in a power system for planning, operation, and expansion. Contingency selection is performed by calculating two kinds of performance indices; an active performance index (PIP) and reactive power performance index (PIV) for a single transmission line outage. In this paper, with the help of the Newton Raphson method, the PIP and PIV were calculated with DIgSILENT Power Factory simulation software and contingency ranking was performed. Based on the load flow results and performance indexes, the Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) North-West region network is recommended for an upgrade or the reactive power or series compensators should be constructed on the riskiest lines and substations.

The paper discusses the methods for calculating the power parameters of a line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM). The calculations have been performed using the author’s specialized FEM software and professional FEM packages, ANSYS Maxwell and COMSOL Multiphysics. The author’s algorithm for solving equations of the electromagnetic field based on the FEM has been presented. The in-house software developed on this algorithm and professional software have been used to analyse the power parameters of the LSPMS motor. In addition, both calculation time and accuracy were analysed. The calculation results were compared to the measurement results.

A machine learning model was developed to support irrigation decisions. The field research was conducted on ‘Gala’ apple trees. For each week during the growing seasons (2009–2013), the following parameters were determined: precipitation, evapotranspiration (Penman–Monteith formula), crop (apple) evapotranspiration, climatic water balance, crop (apple) water balance (AWB), cumulative climatic water balance (determined weekly, ΣCWB), cumulative apple water balance (ΣAWB), week number from full bloom, and nominal classification variable: irrigation, no irrigation. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of the WEKA 3.9 application software. The attribute evaluator was performed using Correlation Attribute Eval with the Ranker Search Method. Due to its highest accuracy, the final analyses were performed using the WEKA classifier package with the J48graft algorithm. For each of the analysed growing seasons, different correlations were found between the water balance determined for apple trees and the actual water balance of the soil layer (10–30 cm). The model made correct decisions in 76.7% of the instances when watering was needed and in 87.7% of the instances when watering was not needed. The root of the classification tree was the AWB determined for individual weeks of the growing season. The high places in the tree hierarchy were occupied by the nodes defining the elapsed time of the growing season, the values of ΣCWB and ΣAWB.

The article deals with the technological principles regarding the final drying process of the porous ammonium nitrate (PAN) granules in multistage gravitational shelf dryers. The data on the dryer’s optimal technological operating modes are obtained. PAN samples are studied; the regularity of the porous structure change in the granule depending on the dryer’s hydrodynamic and thermodynamic conditions is established. Experimental data obtained during the research will be used to create a methodology for the engineering calculation of gravitational shelf dryers. Moreover, the data on the optimal operating conditions of the drying machines at the final drying stage will be used to improve the technology to form porous granules from agricultural ammonium nitrate.

Mining industry is an important sector that produces materials for other industries, also plays an important role in economic and social development, especially in a developing country like Vietnam. However, mineral mining can destroy the environment and deplete resources over time. The biggest challenge for state managers is to balance the conflict between the mining planning, development planning of other economic sectors and environmental issues. One of the solutions is to replace backward, manual extraction tools with the application of the modern computer (Modernize government administration).
In Viet Nam, at present, the provincial management agency of mines faces up with difficult problems such as: backward management method, lowly informative level, not using the current data effectively, even some areas can manage data well but can hardly and lowly share them, the current softwares are mainly document management, most of maps are stored on paper, digital map manage is not really cared. The traditional procedure and technology needs to be innovated by the way of enhancing to synthetically manage mineral resources, this can advance speed and quality of data processing, reduce the burden on employees and raise the level of office automation. The article uses the open code ASP.NET combined with GIS (Geographic Information Systems), based on the mineral economic development planning map in Tuyen Quang province, tools for editing, storing and extracting informaion are built detailedly for activities in mines from the beginning to the end of mining process. As a result, managers and authorities can easily search information for their work.

Sound processing with loudspeaker driving depends critically on high quality electroacoustic transducers together with their relevant amplifiers. In this paper, the nonlinear effects of electrodynamic loudspeakers are investigated as regard the influence of the changes of their main descriptive parameters values. Indeed, while being operated nonlinear effects observed with loudspeakers are due to changes of such constitutive parameters. Regarding either current or voltage-drive, an original model based on Simulink R is presented, taking account of all the electrical and mechanical properties closely associated with nonlinear behaviours. Moreover, as such a Simulink R model may be combined with the PSpice R advanced software, the behaviour of both loudspeaker and amplifier can be exhaustively investigated and optimized. To this end, the amplifier is simulated thanks to the Orcad-Capture-PSpiceR software prior to match with the loudspeaker model with the so-called SLPS co-simulator. Then, values of the current flowing through the loudspeaker can be determined and plotted considering voltage controlling. Obviously in this case current-drive has not to be assessed. This way to proceed allows us to highlight any critical information especially due to the voice coil displacement, yielded velocity, and acceleration of the diaphragm. Indeed our approach testifies to the imperative necessity of mechanical measurements together with electrical ones. Then, considering a given amplifier-loudspeaker association with specific parameters changes of the latter, the entailed nonlinear distortion allows us to qualify and criticize the whole design. Such an original approach should be most valuable so as to match the best fitted amplifier with a given electrodynamic loudspeaker. Then non linear effects due to voltage and current-drive are compared highlighting the advantages of an apt currentcontroled policy.

The paper presents descriptions of bridge disintegration types and contact mass loss in the bridge stage. There is presented Matlab solvers to solve equation describing dynamic changes of temperature in the bridge region. The final result of program calculations is the mass loss and the volume of the metal of contacts which was lost during the bridge stage.

Simulation software dedicated for design of casting processes is usually tested and calibrated by comparisons of shrinkage defects

distribution predicted by the modelling with that observed in real castings produced in a given foundry. However, a large amount of

expertise obtained from different foundries, including especially made experiments, is available from literature, in the form of

recommendations for design of the rigging systems. This kind of information can be also used for assessment of the simulation predictions.

In the present work two parameters used in the design of feeding systems are considered: feeding ranges in horizontal and vertical plates as

well as efficiency (yield) of feeders of various shapes. The simulation tests were conducted using especially designed steel and aluminium

castings with risers and a commercial FDM based software. It was found that the simulations cannot predict appearance of shrinkage

porosity in horizontal and vertical plates of even cross-sections which would mean, that the feeding ranges are practically unlimited. The

yield of all types of feeders obtained from the simulations appeared to be much higher than that reported in the literature. It can be

concluded that the feeding flow modelling included in the tested software does not reflect phenomena responsible for the feeding processes

in real castings properly. Further tests, with different types of software and more fundamental studies on the feeding process modelling

would be desirable.

The demand for castings of high quality and sound work is nowadays very high. The production of sound castings without foundry errors is the big issue in modern foundries. Foundry simulation software can do a lot to help improve the disposition of castings, gating system and feeder system, and assure good filling and solidification conditions, and also produce sound casting without the need of the old method of "try and error". One can easily change a lot of parameters for filling and solidification, and create the best proposal for production. Connor inlets have two functions. One is that it serves as an ingate, through which molten metal passes and comes into the mould cavity. The second function is that it serves as a feeder and substitutes the metal contracted during solidification and cooling of the castings. It can also save quite a lot of metal in comparison to classic feeders.

A model-based approach, the Model-View-Interactor Paradigm, for automatic generation of user interfaces in software frameworks for measurement systems is proposed. The Model-View-Interactor Paradigm is focused on the "interaction" typical in a software framework for measurement applications: the final user interacts with the automatic measurement system executing a suitable high-level script previously written by a test engineer. According to the main design goal of frameworks, the proposed approach allows the user interfaces to be separated easily from the application logic for enhancing the flexibility and reusability of the software. As a practical case study, this approach has been applied to the flexible software framework for magnetic measurements at the European Organization for Nuclear research (CERN). In particular, experimental results about the scenario of permeability measurements are reported.

The article refers to the idea of using the software defined network (SDN) as an effective hardware and software platform enabling the creation and dynamic management of distributed ICT infrastructure supporting the rapid prototyping process. The authors proposed a new layered reference model remote distributed rapid prototyping that allows the development of heterogeneous, open systems of rapid prototyping in a distributed environment. Next, the implementation of this model was presented in which the functioning of the bottom layers of the model is based on the SDN architecture. Laboratory tests were carried out for this implementation which allowed to verify the proposed model in the real environment, as well as determine its potential and possibilities for further development. Thus, the approach described in the paper may contribute to the development and improvement of the efficiency of rapid prototyping processes which individual components are located in remote industrial, research and development units. Thanks to this, it will be possible to better integrate production processes as well as optimize the costs associated with prototyping. The proposed solution is also a response in this regard to the needs of industry 4.0 in the area of creating scalable, controllable and reliable platforms.

The article presents the issue related with a proper preparation of a data sheet for the

analysis, the way of verifying the correctness and reliability of input information, and proper

data encoding. Improper input or coding of data can significantly influence the correctness

of performed analyses or extend their time. This stage of an analysis is presented by an

authorship questionnaire for the study on occupational safety culture in a manufacturing

plant, using the Statistica software for analyses. There were used real data, obtained during

the research on the issue of occupational safety and factors having the greatest influence on

the state of occupational safety.

We demonstrate a modularity bug in the interface system of Java 8 on the practical example of a textbook design of a modular interface for vector spaces. Our example originates in our teaching of modular object-oriented design in Java 8 to undergraduate students, simply following standard programming practices and mathematical denitions. The bug shows up as a compilation error and should be xed with a language extension due to the importance of best practices (design delity).

The chapter deals with the issue of the risk and security management process in public administration, according to the internal audit standards and their requirements. Main legal acts and standards were specified and shortly described. Specially the risk analysis process and security measures selection were emphasized. The possibility to use the software tools for the risk analysis and security measures selection support in public administration was presented. The experiment of OSCAD usage in public administration was shortly described and its results were presented. This experiment shows that the software primarily intended for IT Security Management can be used for risk management in different area as well, for example – in public administration. Some possibilities of further development of risk management supporting tools were proposed.

As one of the key techniques in the fully mechanized mining process, equipment selection and matching has a great effect on security, production and efficiency. The selection and matching of fully mechanized mining equipment in thin coal seam are restricted by many factors. In fully mechanized mining (FMM) faced in thin coal seams (TCS), to counter the problems existing in equipment selection, such as many the parameters concerned and low automation, an expert system (ES) of equipment selection for fully mechanized mining longwall face was established. A database for the equipment selection and matching expert system in thin coal seam, fully mechanized mining face has been established. Meanwhile, a decision-making software matching the ES was developed. Based on several real world examples, the reliability and technical risks of the results from the ES was discussed. Compared with the field applications, the shearer selection from the ES is reliable. However, some small deviations existed in the hydraulic support and scraper conveyor selection. Then, the ES was further improved. As a result, equipment selection in fully mechanized mining longwall face called 4301 in the Liangshuijing coal mine was carried out by the improved ES. Equipment selection results of the interface in the improved ES is consistent with the design proposal of the 4301 FMM working face. The reliability of the improved ES can meet the requirements of the engineering. It promotes the intelligent and efficient mining of coal resources in China.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the performance of four UAV image processing software for the automatic estimation of volumes based on estimated volume accuracy, spatial accuracy, and execution time, with and without Ground Control Points (GCPs). A total of 52 images of a building were captured using a DJI Mavic Air UAV at 60m altitude and 80% forward and side overlap. The dataset was processed with and without GCPs using Pix4DMapper, Agisoft Metashape Pro, Reality Capture, and 3DF Zephyr. The UAV-based estimated volume generated from the software was compared with the true volume of the building generated from its as-built 3D building information modeled in Revit 2018 environment. The resulting percentage difference was computed. The average volumes estimated from the four software with the use of GCPs were 4757.448 m3 (3.87%), 4728.1 m3 (2.54%), 4291.561 m3 (11.5%), and 4154.938 m3 (14.35%), respectively. Similarly, when GCPs were not used for the image processing, average volumes of 4631.385 m3 (4.52%), 4773.025 m3 (1.6%), 4617.899 m3 (4.89%), and 4420.403 m3 (8.92%) were obtained in the same order. In addition to the volume estimation analysis, other parameters, including execution time, positional RMSE, and spatial resolution, were evaluated. Based on these parameters, Agisoft Metashape Pro proved to be more accurate, time-efficient, and reliable for volumetric estimations from UAV images compared to the other investigated software. The findings of this study can guide decision-making in selecting the appropriate software for UAV-based volume estimation in different applications.

In recent years, the rate of urban growth has increased rapidly especially in Egypt, due to the increase in population growth. The Egyptian government has set up new cities and established large factories, roads and bridges in new places to solve this trouble. This paper investigates the change monitoring of land surface temperature, urban and agricultural area in Egypt especially Kafr EL-Sheikh city as case study using high resolution satellite images. Nowadays, satellite images are playing an important role in detecting the change of urban growth. In this paper, cadastral map for Kafr El-Sheikh city with scale 1:5000, images from Landsat 7 with accuracy 30 meters; images from Google Earth with accuracy 0.5 meter; and images from SAS Planet with accuracy 0.5 m are used where all images are available during the study period (for year’s 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2017). The analysis has been performed in a platform of Geographical Information System (GIS) configured with Remote Sensing system using ArcGIS 10.3 and ERDAS Imagine image processing software. From the processing and analysis of the specified images during the studied time period, it is found that the building area was increased by 28.8% from year 2003 up to 2017 from Google Earth images and increased by percentage 34.4% from year 2003 up to year 2017 from supervised Landsat 7 images but for unsupervised Landsat 7 images, the building area was increased by percentage 35.9%. In this study, land surface temperature (LST) was measured also from satellite images for different years through 2003 until 2017. It is deduced that the increase in the building area (urban growth) in the specified city led to increase the land surface temperature (LST) which will affect some agricultural crops. Depending on the results of images analysis, Forecasting models using different algorithms for the urban and agricultural area was built. Finally, it is deduced that integration of spacebased remote sensing technology with GIS tools provide better platform to perform such activities.

In this work, we integrated exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess the work performance efficiency under the traffic noise environment for open shutter shopkeepers in the Indian urban context. 706 valid questionnaire responses by personal interviews in local language were collected from open shutter shopkeepers exposed to noise level (Leq) of 77 dBA for 12 to 14 hours daily. The questionnaire was prepared based on demographics, environmental conditions, and primary effects of noise pollution. Among which four common latent factors which summaries 17 questionnaire response items were obtained by exploratory factor analysis, which are “Impacts of noise” (IM), “Environmental conditions” (EC), “Personal characteristics” (PC) and “Work efficiency” (WE). The associations between the individual latent factors were studied by the structural equation model method in AMOS software. Validation of the constructed model was carried out by testing the proposed hypothesis as well as goodness-of-fit indices like Absolute fit, Incremental fit, and Parsimonious fit indices. The effect of specific latent factors derived on the work efficiency of shopkeepers in the noisy area was characterized by the path coefficients estimated in the SEM model. It was found that work performance efficiency (WE) was greatly influenced by the primary impacts of noise pollution like annoyance, stress, interference in spoken communication, which was associated with the latent factor “Impacts of noise” (IM) with a path coefficient of 0.931. The second latent factor “Environmental conditions” (EC), which was associated with parameters like ambient temperature and humidity, showed less path coefficient of 0.153. And lastly, a latent factor called “Personal characteristics” (PC) associated with age, experience, education, showed the least path coefficient of 0.05. The work efficiency of open shutter shopkeepers working in a highly noisy commercial area is profoundly affected by the prominent effects of noise pollution and least affected by ambient environmental conditions as well as their personal characteristics. The developed model clarified some casual relationships among complex systems in the study of noise exposure on individuals n tier 2 cities in the Indian context and may help other researchers to study of tier I and tier III cities.

A lightning protection system (LPS) of an urban 110 kV substation is designed and analysed according to NFPA 780 and IEC 62305-3 standards. The analysis of the LPS is established on the value of risk assessment. The total area of the plant is described by one soil layer with uniform resistivity. This study aims to improve the understanding of an unexpected manner of the grounding system beneath lightning currents by clarifying the basic concepts of the lightning protection level and the new design procedure in this paper was clarified according to NFPA-780 level 1 for a lightning protection system. The program is integrated with the CDEGS software, which provides effective geometrical modeling with object and result visualization. Furthermore, module and automated fast Fourier transform (FFT) is implemented in this study to simulate electromagnetic fields in the time and frequency domains. These current values are compared to the desired protection levels within the standards. The study results show that for the improved protection of the system against lightning, the total power grid must be considered as a source of improvement for studying shielding influence and the protection levels provided inside this substation.

The article is devoted to the development of a method for increasing the efficiency of communication channels of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the conditions of electronic warfare (EW). The author analyses the threats that may be caused by the use of electronic warfare against autonomous UAVs. A review of some technologies that can be used to create original algorithms for countering electronic warfare and increasing the autonomy of UAVs on the battlefield is carried out. The structure of modern digital communication systems is considered. The requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers for onboard electronic equipment are analyzed, and the choice of the hardware platform of the target radio system is justified. The main idea and novelty of the proposed method are highlighted. The creation of a model of a cognitive radio channel for UAVs is considered step by step. The main steps of modelling the spectral activity of electronic warfare equipment are proposed. The main criteria for choosing a free spectral range are determined. The type of neural network for use in the target cognitive radio system is substantiated. The idea of applying adaptive coding in UAV communication channels using multicomponent turbo codes in combination with neural networks, which are simultaneously used for cognitive radio, has been further developed.

The 5G System is being developed and enhanced to provide unparalleled connectivity to connect everyone and everything, everywhere. 5G technology use cases depicts the prospects of 5G network model to revolutionize Industry and Education is not an exception . To catch up with the latest technology in the higher education environment there’s a need to have 5G Lab as a Service (LaaS) in education to simulate the real network experience. The software is the key to this generation as the virtualization, modularity and abstraction become more popular in the implementation and that the cloud computing is nowadays becoming the trend of technology. This paper presents a software selection between free5gc, magma and open5gs program. The 5G lab located in Jakarta Indonesia has the ability where in physical and virtual resources can be accessed and managed from any location in the world. Free5gc opensource software solution is the most suitable software which can be used as LaaS in Higher Education laboratory. With a LaaS, we can configuration, connection, and troubleshoot 5G infrastructure including radio access networks, core networks, and transportation networks.

In the article, a validation module, being a component of an integrated system supporting routing in software defined networks (SDNRoute), is proposed and thoroughly examined. The module allows for the verification of the results provided by the optimization module before these results are deployed in the production network. Routing policies are validated for their impact on the network quality parameters and against the threat of overloading (congestion).