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Abstract

This paper discusses the defi nitions of the glottal stop encountered in the literature. The term glottal stop appears in many works in the field of linguistics (or, more precisely, phonetics and phonology), phoniatrics, voice emission and speech therapy. However, this term may be understood in various ways. Generally speaking, in speech therapy, a glottal stop is defined, for example, as: 1. a form of phonation; 2. a type of pseudo articulation. In phonetics the term is referred to as: 1. a form of voicing initiation; 2. a type of articulation; 3. both the type of articulation and the type of phonation. In the light of the definitions quoted in this work, the answer to the question posed in the title of this paper is neither simple nor clear

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Osowicka-Kondratowicz
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Abstract

Geminates (such as the double /k/ in Polish lekki “light”) form a group of consonants that are mainly characterized by longer durations than the corresponding singletons. Most of the research has concentrated on durational and spectral properties of geminates in contrast to singletons. Much less attention has been paid to the realization of the voicing contrast in geminates and whether it is differently implemented than in singletons. In the current study, we contribute to this research with the data from Polish stop geminates. To this end, a total of 49 native speakers of Polish produced all stop geminates and corresponding singletons in wordforms of the same phonological make-up. The measurements included closure duration, voicing ratio, duration and mean intensity of the release burst. The results showed that the voicing ratio was 0.69, classifying Polish stop geminates as mildly devoiced. There was a significant speaker-dependent variability in that some speakers devoiced all geminates, while others either partially devoiced or never devoiced. The analysis of interactions between geminates and singletons revealed that geminates cancelled voicing cues observed in singletons such as longer durations and lower intensity of the release burst. We discuss the current results in terms of voicing implementation in Polish and in relation to other geminating languages.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Rojczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Porzuczek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Speech Processing Laboratory, University of Silesia in Katowice
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Abstract

This paper concerns analytical considerations on a complex phenomenon which is diffusive-inertial droplet separation from the twophase vapour-liquid flow which occurs in many devices in the power industry (e.g. heat pumps, steam turbines, organic Rankine cycles, etc.). The new mathematical model is mostly devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms of diffusion and inertia influencing the distance at which a droplet separates from the two-phase flow and falls on a channel wall. The analytical model was validated based on experimental data. The results obtained through the analytical computations stay in a satisfactory agreement with available literature data.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
1
Oktawia Dolna
1
Roman Kwidziński
1

  1. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

In this article, we propose a new stopping criterion for turbo codes. This criterion is based on the behaviour of the probabilistic values alpha 'α' calculated in the forward recursion during turbo decoding. We called this criterion Sum-α. The simulation results show that the Bit Error Rates BER are very close to those of the Cross-Entropy CE criterion with the same average number of iterations.
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Bibliography

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[3] M. Y. M. Nasir, R. Mohamad, M. Kassim, N. M. Tahir and E. Abdullah, “Performance Analysis of Cross-Entropy Stopping Criterion for Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, ” 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), Shah Alam, Malaysia, pp. 273-276, 2019.
[4] R. Y. Shao, S. Lin and M. P. C. Fossorier, “Two simple stopping criteria for turbo decoding, ” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1117–1120, Aug. 1999.
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[8] M. AlMahamdy and J. Dill, “Early Termination of Turbo Decoding by Identification of Undecodable Blocks,” 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), San Francisco, CA, pp. 1-6, 2017.
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[10] L. Trifina, H.G. Baltă and A. Ruşinaru, “Decreasing of the turbo MAP decoding time by using an iterations stopping criterion, ” IEEE International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems ISSCS 2005, Iasi, Romania, pp. 371–374, 14-15 July 2005
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[13] A. Savin, L. Trifina, M. Andrei, “Threshold Based Iteration Stopping Criterion for Turbo Codes and for Scheme Combining a Turbo Code and a Golden Space-Time Block Code,” Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol.14, no.1, pp.139-142, 2014.
[14] I. Amamra et N. Derouiche, “Enhancement of iterative turbo decoding for HARQ systems,” ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1295-1300, Jun. 2016
[15] A. Ouardi, A. Djebbari, B. Bouazza, “Optimal M-BCJR Turbo Decoding: The Z-MAP Algorithm,” Wireless Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 230–234, 2011.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aissa Ouardi
1

  1. Laboratory Technology of Communication, Department of Electronics, University of Saida Dr. Moulay Tahar, Saida, Algeria
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Abstract

All the available modes of travel and their respective travel parameters must be known to the commuters before their trip. Otherwise they may either spend more money or more time for the trip. In addition to this, recent pandemic, rapidly spreading novel corona virus is demanding a smart solution for contactless commuting. This paper suggests a practical solution to make both the above possible and it emphasizes the applicability of two developed android applications, one for travel data collection and another to predict travel time for a multimodal trip within the study area. If the whole trip is by a single mode, the user can get the corresponding travel time estimate from “Google maps”. But, if the trip is by multiple modes, it is not possible to get the total travel time estimate for the whole trip at a time from “Google maps”. A separate travel mode for “auto” is unavailable in “Google maps” alongside drive, two-wheeler, train or bus and walk alternatives. It is also observed that the travel time estimate of “Google maps” for the city buses is inaccurate. Hence, the two modes (Buses and Autos) were chosen for the study. Unless and until the travel times and stopping times of the two modes are known, it is not possible to predict their trip times. Hence, the mobility analysis was performed for the two modes in the study area to find their respective average travel rate at peak hours, across 15 corridors and the results were presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kanala Teja Vinay Kumar Reddy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Surya Prakash Challagulla
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, K. L. University, Vijayawada-522502, AP, India

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