The power sector confronts a crucial challenge in identifying sustainable and environmentally friendly energy carriers, with hydrogen emerging as a promising solution. This paper focuses on the modeling, analysis, and techno-economic evaluation of an independent photovoltaic (PV) system. The system is specifically designed to power industrial loads while simultaneously producing green hydrogen through water electrolysis. The emphasis is on utilizing renewable sources to generate hydrogen, particularly for fueling hydrogen-based cars. The study, conducted in Skikda, Algeria, involves a case study with thirty-two cars, each equipped with a 5 kg hydrogen storage tank. Employing an integrated approach that incorporates modeling, simulation, and optimization, the techno-economic analysis indicates that the proposed system provides a competitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution, with a rate of 0.239 $/kWh. The examined standalone PV system yields 24.5 GWh/year of electrical energy and produces 7584 kg/year of hydrogen. The findings highlight the potential of the proposed system to address the challenges in the power sector, offering a sustainable and efficient solution for both electricity generation and hydrogen production.

Nowadays the demand for renewable energy sources is constantly growing. There are several reasons of such state, including requirements for energy-efficient new buildings and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. An exemplary solution that may help to reduce “traditional” primary energy consumption is local energy source utilization. The article presents a simplified feasibility study of hybrid energy system under Polish law and economic conditions for a self-government unit, that is legally obliged to apply means of energy efficiency improvement. The aim of this paper is to provide a simple algorithm to find optimal hybrid PV and wind power source sizing for a prosumer. Resource data used in analyses are imported from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System and cover a period of one year. The paper includes two different methodologies applied to solve the problem of optimal hybrid energy system sizing. The first approach is heuristic and based on monthly energy balancing while the second is iterative and takes into account hourly energy balance. The results from both methods are compared and verified by HomerPro software, that shows significant differences between two algorithms. At the end economic assessment based on Net Present Value method is performed.

Recently, interest in incorporating distributed generators (DGs) into electrical distribution networks has significantly increased throughout the globe due to the technological advancements that have led to lowering the cost of electricity, reducing power losses, enhancing power system reliability, and improving the voltage profile. These benefits can be maximized if the optimal allocation and sizing of DGs into a radial distribution system (RDS) are properly designed and developed. Getting the optimal location and size of DG units to be installed into an existing RDS depends on the various constraints, which are sometimes overlapping or contradicting. In the last decade, meta-heuristic search and optimization algorithms have been frequently developed to handle the constraints and obtain the optimal DG location and size. This paper proposes an efficient optimization technique to optimally allocate multiple DG units into a RDS. The proposed optimization method considers the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) based DG units in power distribution networks. It is based on multi-objective function (MOF) that aims to maximize the net saving level (NSL), voltage deviation level (VDL), active power loss level (APLL), environmental pollution reduction level (EPRL), and short circuit level (SCL). The proposed algorithms using various strategies of inertia weight particle swarm optimization (PSO) are applied on the standard IEEE 69-bus system and a real 205-bus Algerian distribution system. The proposed approach and design of such a complicated multi-objective functions are ultimately to make considerable improvements in the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of power distribution networks. It was found that EIW-PSO is the best applied algorithm as it achieves the maximum targets on various quantities; it gives 75.8359%, 28.9642%, and 64.2829% for the APLL, EPRL, and VDL, respectively, with DG units’ installation in the IEEE 69-bus test system. For the same number of DG units, EIW-PSO gives remarkable improved performance with the Adrar City 205-bus test system; numerically, it shows 72.3080%, 22.2027%, and 63.6963% for the APLL, EPRL, and VDL, respectively. The simulation results of this study prove that the proposed algorithms exhibit higher capability and efficiency in fixing the optimum DG settings.