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Abstract

The deployment of a distributed power-flow controller (DPFC) in a single-machine infinite-bus power system with two parallel transmission lines are considered for the analysis in this paper. This paper presents the network analysis of the DPFC for power flow control. The performance is evaluated on a given test system with a single line-to-ground fault. The improvement in the stability as well as power quality is evident from the results. Thus the DPFC has the ability to enhance the stability and power quality of the system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vikash Anan
Sanjeev Kumar Mallik
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Abstract

This paper presents a new strategy for optimal placement of multi-type FACTS devices with a view to minimize losses besides enhancing the voltage profile using biogeography based optimization. The strategy places three types of FACTS devices that include static VAR compensator, thyristor controlled series compensator and unified power flow controller; and offers optimal locations for placement, type and parameters of the FACTS devices. Test results on IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus systems reveal the superiority of the algorithm.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Subramanian
G. Ravi
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Abstract

The early philosophical standpoint of Professor Bogusław Wolniewicz alluded mainly to the so-called first philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, as expressed in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Professor Wolniewicz’s views have found their expressions, first, in the book (in Polish) Things and Facts. An introduction to the first philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1968), and finally in his monograph (in Polish) Ontology of Situations. Foundations and Applications (1985). In both cases, Wolniewicz’ standpoint has been expressed by giving a substantive interpretation to semiotical and logical concepts (i.e. by producing hypostases). This practice looks rather dubious to me, in both cases, although I hope that ontology of situations can be usefully treated as a general formal theory of semantical correlates characteristic for sentential statements.

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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Andrzej Stuchliński
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Abstract

This paper addresses the state-variable stabilising control of the power system using such series FACTS devices as TCPAR installed in the tie-line connecting control areas in an interconnected power system. This stabilising control is activated in the transient state and is supplementary with respect to the main steady-state control designed for power flow regulation. Stabilising control laws, proposed in this paper, have been derived for a linear multi-machine system model using direct Lyapunov method with the aim to maximise the rate of energy dissipation during power swings and therefore maximisation their damping. The proposed control strategy is executed by a multi-loop controller with frequency deviations in all control areas used as the input signals. Validity of the proposed state-variable control has been confirmed by modal analysis and by computer simulation for a multi-machine test system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Nogal
Jan Machowski
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Abstract

The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is the multipurpose FACTS device with the multiple input and multiple output system for the enhancement of its dynamic performance in power system. Based on artificial intelligence (AI) optimization technique, a novel controller is proposed for CSC based STATCOM. In this paper, the CSC based STATCOM is controlled by the LQR. But the best constant values for LQR controller's parameters are obtained laboriously through trial and error method, although time consuming. So the goal of this paper is to investigate the ability of AI techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods to search the best values of LQR controller's parameters in a very short time with the desired criterion for the test system. Performances of the GA, PSO & ABC based LQR controllers are also compared. Applicability of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB and the simulation results are shown an improvement in the input-output response of CSC-STATCOM.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sandeep Gupta
Vipin Kumar Tripathi
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Abstract

In the Two Concepts of Rules (1955) John Rawls presents the following distinction between two concepts of rules governing human action: a rule as summary of past decisions versus a rule defining a practice. The latter concept was incorporated by John Searle (1964, 1969, 1991, 1995) as the key element of his ontology of social facts. For, according to Searle, a rule of such type is used to create a new practice or institution, and consequently, a new kind of conduct in the framework of such institution. Usually (but not always) a sentence expressing such a rule is a definition of special kind with an unexpected feature: what has been defined is a creation of the definition / of the author. The present paper is an attempt to reveal the essential contribution of Rawls to the early stage of development of Searle’s social ontology as well as an attempt to present its development from 1964 onward until the appearance of its full blooded version in 1995. Moreover, particular attention is devoted to the concept of Searle’s definition of institutional object. The special features of the definition indicate the need to distinguish a fourth concept of ‘definition’, a ‘creative definition’, over the three proposed by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz in his Three concepts of definition (1958).
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Bibliography

Ajdukiewicz K. (1958a), Trzy pojęcia definicji, „Studia Filozoficzne” 5 (8), s. 3–16; również w: tenże, Język i poznanie, t. II, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1965, s. 296–307.
Ajdukiewicz K. (1958b), Le problème du fondement des propositions analytiques, „Studia Logica” 8, s. 259–272; wyd. pol.: Zagadnienie uzasadniania zdań analitycznych, przeł. H. Mortimer, w: K. Ajdukiewicz, Język i poznanie, t. II, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1965, s. 308–321.
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Searle J.R. (1964), How to Derive „Ought” From „Is”, „The Philosophical Review” 73, s. 43–58.
Searle J.R. (1965), What Is a Speech Act?, w: M. Black (red.), Philosophy in America, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, London: Allen & Unwin, s. 221–239; częściowe wyd. pol.: Czym jest akt mowy?, przeł. H. Buczyńska‑Garewicz, „Pamiętnik Literacki” 1980, nr 2, s. 241–248.
Searle J.R. (1969), Speech Acts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; wyd. pol.: Czynności mowy, przeł. B. Chwedeńczuk, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, 1987.
Searle J.R. (1991), Intentionalistic Explanations in the Social Sciences, „Philosophy of Social Sciences” 21, s. 332–344.
Searle J.R. (1995), The Construction of Social Reality, New York: Free Press.
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Znamierowski Cz. (1921), O przedmiocie i fakcie społecznym, „Przegląd Filozoficzny” 24, s. 1–33.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90‑131 Łódź
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Abstract

The problem of improving the voltage profile and reducing power loss in electrical networks must be solved in an optimal manner. This paper deals with comparative study of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Differential Evolution (DE) based algorithm for the optimal allocation of multiple FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices in an interconnected power system for the economic operation as well as to enhance loadability of lines. Proper placement of FACTS devices like Static VAr Compensator (SVC), Thyristor Controlled Switched Capacitor (TCSC) and controlling reactive generations of the generators and transformer tap settings simultaneously improves the system performance greatly using the proposed approach. These GA & DE based methods are applied on standard IEEE 30 bus system. The system is reactively loaded starting from base to 200% of base load. FACTS devices are installed in the different locations of the power system and system performance is observed with and without FACTS devices. First, the locations, where the FACTS devices to be placed is determined by calculating active and reactive power flows in the lines. GA and DE based algorithm is then applied to find the amount of magnitudes of the FACTS devices. Finally the comparison between these two techniques for the placement of FACTS devices are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Bhattacharyya
Sanjay Kumar
Vikash Kumar Gupta
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Abstract

The hybridization of a recently suggested Harris hawk’s optimizer (HHO) with the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been proposed in this paper. The velocity function update in each iteration of the PSO technique has been adopted to avoid being trapped into local search space with HHO. The performance of the proposed Integrated HHO-PSO (IHHOPSO) is evaluated using 23 benchmark functions and compared with the novel algorithms and hybrid versions of the neighbouring standard algorithms. Statistical analysis with the proposed algorithm is presented, and the effectiveness is shown in the comparison of grey wolf optimization (GWO), Harris hawks optimizer (HHO), barnacles matting optimization (BMO) and hybrid GWO-PSO algorithms. The comparison in convergence characters with the considered set of optimization methods also presented along with the boxplot. The proposed algorithm is further validated via an emerging engineering case study of controller parameter tuning of power system stability enhancement problem. The considered case study tunes the parameters of STATCOM and power system stabilizers (PSS) connected in a sample power network with the proposed IHHOPSO algorithm. A multi-objective function has been considered and different operating conditions has been investigated in this papers which recommends proposed algorithm in an effective damping of power network oscillations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ramesh Devarapalli
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vikash Kumar
1

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, B.I.T. Sindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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Abstract

The deviation from the ideal waveform causes disturbances and failure of end-user load equipment. Power traveling a long distance from the generation plant to the end-user leads to deterioration of its quality, and the intensive utilization of power leads to serious issues in the grid resulting in power quality problems. To make the system effective and able to meet modern requirements, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices should be installed into the grid. The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is the latest FACTS device, which compensates for both active and reactive power among multi-line systems. The converters used in the IPFC are crucial as they can be adjusted to regulate the power flow among the lines. This paper proposes a cascaded IPFC with hysteresis and proportional resonant voltage controllers. Some main drawbacks of controllers like steady-state errors and reference tracking of converters can be easily achieved by the PR controller, which makes the system efficient and can be used for a wide range of grid applications. Hysteresis and PR controllers are explained in detail in the following sections. A comparative analysis is carried out among control algorithms to choose the suitable controller which maintains stability in the system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sridhar Babu Gurijala
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Ravi Kishore
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramchandra Nittala
2
ORCID: ORCID
Rohith Reddy Godala
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, St. Martin’s Engineering College, Dhulapally, near Kompally, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
  3. Faculty of Power and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Abstract

This paper presents the application of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices based on heuristic algorithms in power systems. The work proposes the Autonomous Groups Particle Swarm Optimization (AGPSO) approach for the optimal placement and sizing of the Static Var Compensator (SVC) to minimize the total active power losses in transmission lines. A comparative study is conducted with other heuristic optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Timevarying Acceleration Coefficients PSO (TACPSO), Improved PSO (IPSO), Modified PSO (MPSO), and Moth-Flam Optimization (MFO) algorithms to confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Computer simulations have been carried out on MATLAB with the MATPOWER additional package to evaluate the performance of the AGPSO algorithm on the IEEE 14 and 30 bus systems. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm offers the best performance among all algorithms with the lowest active power losses and the highest convergence rate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed A. Shehata
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed Refaat
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mamdouh K. Ahmed
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nikolay V. Korovkin
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Energy, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
  2. Electrical Engineering Department, Port-Said University, Egypt
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Abstract

Bogusław Wolniewicz created an original formal system based on his considerations on the ontology and semantics embedded in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. His system – called by Wolniewicz ‘ontology of situations’ – can be complemented by a philosophical interpretation. In this article I identify the implicit and intuitive underpinnings of the system, its formal content and its philosophical implications. I also indicate a few applications of the system to axiology and logical hermeneutics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mieczysław Omyła
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Abstract

The goal of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is to select the most appropriate of the alternatives by evaluating many conflicting criteria together. MCDM methods are widely available in the literature and have been used in various energy problems. The key problems studied in electrical power systems in recent years have included voltage instability and voltage collapse. Different flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) equipment has been used for this purpose for decades, increasing voltage stability while enhancing system efficiency, reliability and quality of supply, and offering environmental benefits. Finding the best locations for these devices in terms of voltage stability in actual electrical networks poses a serious problem. Many criteria should be considered when determining the most suitable location for the controller. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of MCDM techniques to be used for optimal location of a static VAR compensator (SVC) device in terms of voltage stability. The ideal location can be determined by means of sorting according to priority criteria. The proposed approach was carried out using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB in the IEEE 14-bus test system. Using ten different MCDM methods, the most appropriate locations were compared among themselves and a single ranking list was obtained, integrated with the Borda count method, which is a data fusion technique. The application results showed that the methods used are consistent among themselves. It was revealed that the integrated model was an appropriate method that could be used for optimal location selection, providing reliable and satisfactory results to power system planners.
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Authors and Affiliations

Faruk Aydin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bilal Gümüş
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21680, Turkey
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Abstract

Transmission line loss minimization in a power system is an important research issue and it can be achieved by means of reactive power compensation. The unscheduled increment of load in a power system has driven the system to experience stressed conditions. This phenomenon has also led to voltage profile depreciation below the acceptable secure limit. The significance and use of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices and capacitor placement is in order to alleviate the voltage profile decay problem. The optimal value of compensating devices equires proper optimization technique, able to search the optimal solution with less computational burden. This paper presents a technique to provide simultaneous or individual controls of basic system parameter like transmission voltage, impedance and phase angle, thereby controlling the transmitted power using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) based on Bacterial Foraging (BF) algorithm. Voltage stability level of the system is defined on the Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) of the lines. The IEEE 14-bus system is used as the test system to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed system. The test result showed that the ocation of UPFC improves the voltage profile and also minimize the real power loss.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kumar
P. Renuga
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Abstract

Among the FACTS device, the distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is a superior device. This can be evaluated after eliminating the dc capacitor between shunt and series convertors of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) and placing a number of low rating single phase type distributed series convertors in the line instant of using single large rating three phase series convertors as in the UPFC. The power flow through this dc capacitor as in the UPFC now takes place through the transmission line at a third harmonic frequency in the DPFC. The DPFC uses the D-FACTS that allows the replacement of a large three-phase converter as in the UPFC by several small-size series convertors present in the DPFC. The redundancy of several series convertors increases the system’s reliability of the power system. Also, there is no requirement for high voltage isolation as series convertors of the DPFC are hanging as well as single-phase types. Consequently, the DPFC system has a lower cost than the UPFC system. In this paper, the equivalent ABCD parameters of the latest FACTSdeviceDPFChave been formulated with the help of an equivalent circuit model of the DPFC at the fundamental frequency component. Further, the optimal location in the transmission line and maximum efficiency of the DPFC along with Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), Static Synchronous Shunt Compensator (STATCOM) and UPFC FACTS devices have been investigated using an iteration program developed in MATLAB under steady-state conditions. The results obtained depict that the DPFC when placed slightly off-center at 0.33 fraction distance from the sending end comes up with higher performance. Whereas, when the TCSC, STATCOM and UPFC are placed at 0.16, 0.2815, 0.32 fraction distances from sending end respectively give their best performance.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Santosh Kumar Gupta
Jayant Mani Tripathi
Mrinal Ranjan
Ravi Kumar Gupta
Dheeraj Kumar Gupta
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Abstract

This paper sets out to characterise and analyse logical atomism of Bertrand Russell. Main tenets of that theory are described by reference to Russell’s lecture Facts and Propositions (1918) and to other publications by that author. The essential claims of Russell’s position are discussed and confronted with tenets of ontology of situations developed by Bogusław Wolniewicz, a position inspired by logical atomism of Ludwig Wittgenstein. The author argues that several of Russell’s theses on logical atomism can be interpreted in the light of Wolniewicz’s ontology of situations. Finally, some minor concluding remarks are offered that can help to develop an ontology conceived in the spirit of the ontology of logical atomism. 366 Janusz Kaczmarek
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kaczmarek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź
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Abstract

Bogusław Wolniewicz’s book Things and facts, although it is essentially devoted to the interpretation of the Wittgenstein’s Tractatus, also has a substantive layer in which Wolniewicz raises very important problems in the fields of methodology, semiotics and metaphysics, such as: (a) the problem of clarity of philosophical texts and its relation to simplicity and brevity, as well as to thoroughness and suggestiveness; (b) the problem of semantic correlation types; (c) the problem of analysis, interpretation and definition; (d) the problems of modality, negative facts, absolute monism and coherentionism; (e) the problem of abstraction and moral-praxeological antinomy. The author of the paper reconstructs Wolniewicz’s views on these matters.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Jadacki

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