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Comparative study of cooling of automobile LED headlights without and with fins and finding comfortable operating conditions

Manbodh Kumar Mishra V.P. Chandramohan Karthik Balasubramanian

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2019 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 295-314 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2019.129677

Keywords LED lights automobile headlight finite element method junction temperature safe working conditions

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Abstract

LED light must be cooled to avoid reaching a certain temperature. Two different 3D practical domains of LED light are modelled, (i) square aluminium plate with a cylindrical plate and an LED module (model I), (ii) the same provision of model I with 25 fins (model II). ANSYS 16.0 is used for solving the problem. Temperature distribution, junction temperature (T_j) and heat flux are estimated. Analyses are carried out for various ambient temperatures (T_a) and for different LED power dissipations (Q) to identify the safe operating conditions. In model I, it is found that 38% of working conditions go beyond the critical limit of T_j and it is reduced to 21.4% in model II. In model II, for low T_a of 30 and 40ºC with all Q considered in this analysis are safer. If T_a is between 30 and 80ºC, then Q must be maintained at 0.5 to 1.25 W. Beyond this, conditions are not safe.

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Authors and Affiliations

Manbodh Kumar Mishra

V.P. Chandramohan

Karthik Balasubramanian

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, India.

Small lighting luminaires for illumination applications

Antoni Różowicz Henryk Wachta Sebastian Różowicz

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 1035-1050 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142123

Keywords computer visualization illumination LED light sources luminance distribution

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Abstract

The application of solid-state light sources in luminaires creates a new quality in illumination design works. In a confrontation with a commonly used but relatively unattractive flood method, the use of small-size luminaires allows one to present an illuminated architectural object in a more attractive way in the evening and at night. In this case, it is possible to apply the principles of illumination described in the literature, especially the principle of height amplification and the principle of depth amplification. The conceptual work of illumination with the use of a large number of small-size luminaires does not require the use of supporting graphical tools, but the specification of actual lighting equipment using only polygonal samples in this case is not possible. The paper presents selected issues of the key stages of the completed work. Using specialized computer software, a geometric model of the architectural object has been developed, facade materials have been parameterized, models of small-size illuminating equipment have been selected and, finally, calculations of luminance distribution on illuminated surfaces have been carried out. As a result of computer work, luminance distributions and photorealistic visualizations of illuminations from defined main directions of observation were obtained. The Lubomirski Palace in Przemysl is an example of the architectural object indicated for detailed works.

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Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Różowicz

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Henryk Wachta

Sebastian Różowicz

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Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automatic Control, Kielce University of Technology, Tysiaclecia Panstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Department of Power Electronics and Power Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland

Evaluation of the effects of photostimulation on freeze-thawed bull sperm cells in terms of reproductive potential

A.D. Ömür

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 2 | 249-259 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.141809

Keywords in vitro analysis laser LED (Light Emitting Diode) photostimulation sperm cell

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the time-dependent effectiveness of photo-stimulation against bovine sperm cells using a multi-wavelength LED (Light Emitting Diode). Spermatological parameters were evaluated for viability, acrosome structure and motility. In addition, the effect of photo-stimulation on frozen-thawed sperm cells subjected to in vitro capacitation was evaluated in terms of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. The study consisted of two separate experiments and a total of 32 sperm samples obtained from separate bulls were used. All sperm samples were obtained from Holstein bulls using an artificial vagina. Semen was diluted to a final concentration of 92 x 106 spermatozoa per ml in 0.25 ml straws. The sperm cells were frozen using the conventional method. Straws were kept in a 37°C water bath for 20 seconds and diluted 1:4 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to eliminate the potentially deleterious effect of glycerol, the main permeable cryoprotectant in the freezing medium for bull sperm. This dilution also helped in the evaluation of sperm quality parameters. In the first experiment, whereas the 15-10-15 showed no differences with the control, other treatments such as 10-10-10, 5-5-5, and 3-1-3 exhibited significantly higher percentages of viable spermatozoa at 24h. The results obtained for acrosome integrity were pretty much similar to those observed in the sperm viability assessment. In effect, while the treatment consisting of 15-10-15 had no positive effects, shorter treatments exerted a much more positive effect. The percentages of acrosome-intact spermatozoa in 2-1-2 and 1-1-1 were significantly higher than those obtained in the control. The significant differences in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed at 0, 2, 4 and 24h post-photo-stimulation in all treatments, except 15-10-15. The highest increase in the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting high mitochondrial membrane potential was found in 10-10-10, 5-5-5 and 3-1-3 treatments. With regard to total and progressive motility, whereas 10-10-10 was the best regime, 5-5-5 and 3-1-3 treatments also had a positive effect. However, 15-10-15 appeared to have a stimulating effect upon progressive motility at 2h and 4h but later declined and showed no significant differences with regard to the control at 24h. In the second experiment, not immediately after thawing but after having been kept at room temperature for up to 24h, it was observed that there was no statistical difference in terms of viability, acrosome integrity and total/progressive motility between photostimulation and the control group. This indicates that photo- stimulation is less able to exert a beneficial effect when post-thawed sperm are not immediately stimulated. As a result it was determined that photo-stimulation at a pattern of 10-10-10, 5-5-5, 3-1-3 and, to a lesser extent 2-1-2, increases the resilience of frozen-thawed bull sperm when applied upon thawing.

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Authors and Affiliations

A.D. Ömür

1 2 3

Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Yakutiye/ Erzurum, Turkey
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Yakutiye/Erzurum, Turkey
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Yakutiye/Erzurum, Turkey

An accurate model of LED luminaire using measurement results for estimation of electrical parameters based on the multivariable regression method

Roman Sikora Przemysław Markiewicz Paweł Rózga

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2022 | vol. 29 | No 2 | 251-269 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.140031

Keywords LED light source LED luminaire linear regression electrical parameters measurement

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Abstract

Light sources and luminaires made in the LED technology are nowadays widely used in industry and at home. The use of these devices affects the operation of the power grid and energy efficiency. To estimate this impact, it is important to know the electrical parameters of light sources and luminaires, especially with the possibility of dimming. The article presents the results of measurements of electrical parameters as well as luminous flux of dimmable LED luminaires as a function of dimming and RMS supply voltage. On the basis of the performed measurements, a model of LED luminaire was developed for prediction of electrical parameters at set dimming values and RMS values of the supply voltage. The developed model of LED luminaire has 2 inputs and 26 outputs. This model is made based on 26 single models of electrical parameters, whose input signals are supply and control voltages. The linear regression method was used to develop the models. An example of the application of the developed model for the prediction of electrical parameters simulating the operation of an LED luminaire in an environment most similar to real working conditions is also presented.

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Roman Sikora

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Przemysław Markiewicz

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Paweł Rózga

Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Łódz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland

Comparison of selected methods for measuring the luminous flux of solid-state light sources

Krzysztof Górecki Aleksandra Kalinowska Przemysław Ptak

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e149234 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.149234

Keywords LED light sources measurement method luminous flux integrating sphere goniometer

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Abstract

The paper presents a simple method of measuring the luminous flux value dedicated to LED light sources. This method uses information about a spatial radiation pattern of the lighting source under test and the results of illuminance measurements at the axis of this source. The method is described and the results of the measurements obtained using this method and the classical method are compared and discussed. Tests have been carried out for LED modules of different geometries. The measurement error of the considered method is analysed.

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Krzysztof Górecki

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Aleksandra Kalinowska

Przemysław Ptak

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Department of Marine Electronics, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland

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Comparative study of cooling of automobile LED headlights without and with fins and finding comfortable operating conditions

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Small lighting luminaires for illumination applications

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Authors and Affiliations

Evaluation of the effects of photostimulation on freeze-thawed bull sperm cells in terms of reproductive potential

Abstract

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Authors and Affiliations

An accurate model of LED luminaire using measurement results for estimation of electrical parameters based on the multivariable regression method

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Comparison of selected methods for measuring the luminous flux of solid-state light sources

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations