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Abstract

Due to the lower energy consumption and waste production compared to traditional methods, the environmental bioremediation methods based on natural processes have been gradually becoming more prevalent in environmental engineering. Biological methods are used in waste management, wastewater treatment, gas treatment or soil remediation. For the low solubility of some pollutants and lower bioavailability, the use of biological methods may be hampered. This problem might be mitigated with the use of surfactants. This paper presents the results of studies regarding the eff ect of dosing a selected surfactant from the Tween group (Tween 20) on the efficiency of toluene elimination from the air by biofi ltration. The obtained maximum biofi ltration rate was 21.2 g/m3/h and 19.8 g/m3/h for the control bed and for the bed to which the Tween 20 solution was dosed, respectively. The eff ect of Tween was neutral (the effectiveness of toluene removal was insignificantly comparable to the effectiveness of the control series), it did not affect the effectiveness or limited the development of the biofilter microflora.

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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Miller
1
Izabela Sówka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Waldemar Adamiak
1

  1. Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The dominant feature of foreign speech is the availability of appeals, because they indicate the opposition «addressee – sender», reflecting the speaker’s attitude to the interlocutor, to the environment, certifying the status of a person, and adapting us to the perception of information and to some extent reactions to it. The aim of the article is to characterize the semantic and functional features of vocatives as integral components of foreign speech by the example of prayer texts (458 prayers are analyzed). Very often such constructions in prayers have additional means of dissemination, including artistic definitions, homogeneous affixes, separate members of the speech itself and even predicative units that we rarely find in other speech patterns. Appeals to God, the Mother of God and servants of God (apostles, angels, saints, etc.) are productive in vocative structures. The names of religious attributes, believers and evil spirits are used less actively in this role. In addition, the believer’s constant appeal to higher powers gives the prayer discourse signs of dialogue, although there is no reverse communication.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nataliya Torchyns’ka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mykhaylo Torchyns’kyy
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Khmelnytskyi National University
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Abstract

Biological regeneration of water and organic sorbents used in the absorption of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pollutants, respectively, was studied. In both cases biodegradation takes place in a membrane bioreactor. In the case of organic sorbents regeneration of the biodegradation process is integrated with the extraction of a given pollutant to water phase. In experiments carried out in this work, the proposed systems were tested using a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. For hydrophilic compounds experiments were performed using alcohols (1-butanol and 2-propanol) as model substrates. Applying the mathematical model of a membrane bioreactor elaborated previously, the values of pollutant concentration were determined and positively verified in the experiments. This system of water sorbent regeneration is fully satisfying. The process of biodegradation integrated with extraction was analysed on the basis of model compounds such as benzene and toluene. The study confirmed a possibility of organic sorbent (silicone oil) regeneration. However, due to a very high partition coefficient of benzene or toluene between the organic and aqueous phases, the process could be considered only for the case of their high concentrations in the gas directed to absorption.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Trusek-Holownia
Andrzej Noworyta
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Abstract

A SAW gas sensor based on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric substrate is simulated and evaluated for the detection of the dichloromethane (DCM) volatile organic compound (VOC). The study is performed based on the finite element method (FEM) using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The obtained device response using the ZnO substrate is compared to the one using the typical lithium niobate (LiNbO3) piezoelectric substrate. A thin film of polyisobutylene (PIB) membrane is selected to act as the sensing layer. The obtained results reveal a linear behaviour of the resonance frequency downshift (i.e., the sensor sensitivity) versus the investigated gas concentrations varying from 10 ppm to 100 ppm of DCM gas. Additionally, the sensor response is investigated by applying several thicknesses of PIB ranging from 0.3 μm to 1.0 μm. The observed sensor response shows less dependence on the PIB thickness using the ZnO substrate than the LiNbO3 one.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Moustafa
1
Ghaylen Laouini
2
Tariq Alzoubi
2

  1. Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Egypt
  2. College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait

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