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Number of results: 55
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Abstract

In this experiment mixed bacteria cultures, adapted to high concentrations of oil products were used. The application of the mixed bacterial cultures to oil biodegradation in oil of different pH values (5, 7. 9), was also studied. The biodegradation process was detected in all investigated soils independly on pH values, both in soil with autochthonous bacteria and with addition of mixed bacteria cultures. In the soil inoculated with mixed bacteria cultures after 21 days reduction of oil content was 40% (± I .63%) in acid soil, 42% (±0.82%) in soil with neutral pH and 31% (±1.41%) in soil with pH about 9. After 42 days biodegradation was carried out in all investigated pH values at about 60% (± 1.63%) level of reduction of oil products. In control samples (only with autochthonous bacteria) during this time (42 days) the average 49% (±1.63%) decrease of oil products content was obtained. Addition of inoculum into soil influenced the effectivity of this process. The increase of oil removal by about I 0% was noted.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanka Boszczyk-Maleszak
Anna Zabost
Ewa Bieszkiewicz
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Abstract

In Mexico, one of the principal natural resources is oil, however, the activity related to it has generated hydrocarbon spills on agricultural soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodegradability of diesel by means of indigenous bacteria isolated from agricultural soil contaminated with 68 900 mg kg -1 diesel. We examined indigenous bacterial strains in agricultural soils contaminated with diesel from Acatzingo, Puebla, Mexico. We performed a physicochemical soil characterization, and a bacterial population quantification favoring sporulated bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus taken from the study site. Six bacterial strains were isolated. The identification was made based on the 16S rRNA gene and API systems. The tolerance and biodegradation capacity in diesel were determined at 4 000 to 24 000 mg L -1 of diesel. Residual concentrations of diesel were determined by GC-FID. Soil contaminated with diesel alters the concentrations of organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen. Analysis of soil samples showed heat resistant bacterial populations of 106 cfu g -1 dry soil. Six strains from soil pollution were identified – Pseudomonas stutzeri M1CH1, Bacillus pumilus M1CH1b, Bacillus cereus M1CH10, Bacillus subtilis M1CH15a, and Paenibacillus lautus strains M1CH19 and M1CH27. These bacteria showed different degradation behavior. Bacillus pumilus M1HC1b and Paenibacillus lautus M1CH27 use diesel oil as the sole carbon source. Bacillus pumilus degraded high concentrations of diesel (24 000 mg L -1), while for Paenibacillus lautus it became toxic and the degradation was less.
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Authors and Affiliations

Amparo Mauricio-Gutiérrez
1
Rocío Machorro-Velázquez
2
Teresita Jiménez-Salgado
3
Candelario Vázquez-Crúz
3
María Patricia Sánchez-Alonso
3
Armando Tapia-Hernández
3

  1. CONACYT – Instituto de Ciencias, Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
  2. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
  3. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
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Abstract

Investigations showing the possibility of BTX biodegradation present in the water environment under aerobic conditions have been presented. The effects of transformation of benzene, toluene, o-xylene and p-xylene by indigenous to sewage microorganisms as well as by isolated species of bacteria like Aeronwnas sobria, Bacillus steareothermophilus, Enterobacter sakazaki, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus lentus and the mixture of these species varied distinctively. The results and calculated degradation rates have been compared to some results given by other authors. In aerobic conditions all investigated aromates have shown to be biodegradable. The highest rate of degradation was found for indigenous to municipal sewage microorganisms.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alicja Machnicka
Jan Suschka
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Abstract

The method of solid-phase extraction on TENAX TA beads was applied in order to assess the content of potentially bioavailable PAH fractions in soils highly contaminated with these compounds. The extraction was carried out at 20°C and 60°C to enable separation of two fractions: ,,easily bioavailable" and ,.hardly bioavailable", correspondingly. The data obtained indicated a relatively low content of potentially bioavailable PAHs in soils with 4 and 5+6-ringed compounds as dominant groups.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Smreczak
Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach
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Abstract

The analysis of water self-purification process includes headstreams of rivers in the Upper Silesian agglomeration: the Bierawka, the Kłodnica, Bielszowicki creek and the Szotkówka. These are rivers characterized by small natural flows and a significant anthropogenic pol I utant load. Results of our own research on the self-purification rate were used. The attention was focused on biodegradable substances. The biodegradation rate coefficient k, and water assimilative capacity were determined. Within the same rivers, their particular parts differ in types of a riverbed and swift currents alternate with slow flows. In the case of Bielszowicki creek and the Szotkówka River impoundments were observed, which results in different self-purification conditions. In all investigated parts the rate of organic substance removal, characterized byk, coefficients, was usually much higher than the literature values for comparable rivers, which usually are below 2.0, rarely exceeding 3.0. The creek impoundments occurring in the watercourse beds do not always have a positive impact on the water quality. The role of the creek impoundments in the river self-purification process and their impact on water ecosystems require separate investigations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rudolf Bujok
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Abstract

Due to the observed increase in the amount of waste in landfills, there has been an increase in the demand for products made of biomaterials and the composition of biomaterials with petroleum-derived materials. The problem of waste disposal/management also applies to waste from the casting production process with the use of disposable casting moulds made with the use of organic binders (resins), as well as residues from the process of regeneration of moulding sands. A perspective solution is to add a biodegradable component to the moulding/core sand. The authors proposed the use of polycaprolactone (PCL), a polymer from the group of aliphatic polyesters, as an additive to a casting resin commonly used in practice. As part of this study, the effect of PCL addition on the (bio) degradation of dust obtained after the process of mechanical regeneration of moulding sands with organic binders was determined. The (bio) degradation process was studied in the environment reflecting the actual environmental conditions. As part of the article, dust samples before and after the duration of the (bio) degradation process were tested for weight loss by thermogravimetry (TG) and for losses on ignition (LOI).
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Bibliography

[1] Bastian, K.C., Alleman, J.E. (1996). Environmental bioassay evaluation of foundry waste residuals. Joint Transportation Research Program Technical Report Series, Purdue University, Purdue e-Pubs.
[2] Brenner, V. (2003). Biodegradace persistentních xenobiotik. Biodegradace. VI, 2003, 45-47.
[3] Sobków, D., Barton, J., Czaja, K., Sudoł, M. & Mazoń, B. (2014). Research on the resistance of materials to environmental factors. CHEMIK. 68(4), 347–354. (in Polish).
[4] Stachurek I. (2010). Biomedical systems of polyethylene oxide biodegradable in the aquatic environment. PhD thesis, Politechnika Krakowska. (in Polish).
[5] Eastman, J. (2000). Protein-based binder update: performance put to the test. Modern Casting. 90, 32-34.
[6] Kramářová, D., Brandštetr, J., Rusín, K. & Henzlová, P. (2003). Biogenic polymeric materials as binders for foundry molds and cores. Slévárenství. 60(2-3), 71-73. (in Czech).
[7] Grabowska, B., Holtzer, M., Dańko, R., Górny, M., Bobrowski, A. & Olejnik, E. (2013). New bioco binders containing biopolymers for foundry industry. Metalurgija. 52(1), 47-50.
[8] Grabowska, B., Szucki, M., Suchy, J.Sz., Eichholz, S., Hodor, K. (2013). Thermal degradation behavior of cellulose-based material for gating systems in iron casting production. Polimery. 58(1), 39-44.
[9] Major-Gabryś, K. (2016). Environmentally Friendly Foundry Moulding and Core Sands. Katowice-Gliwice, Archives of Foundry Engineering, ISBN 978-83-63605-24-7 (in Polish)
[10] Major-Gabryś, K. (2019). Environmentally Friendly Foundry Molding and Core Sands. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28(7), 3905-3911.
[11] Holtzer, M. (2001). Management of waste and by-products in foundries. Kraków: University Scientific and Didactic Publishers, AGH, Poland. (in Polish).
[12] Skrzyński, M., Dańko, R. & Czapla, P. (2014). Regeneration of used moulding sand with furfuryl resin on a laboratory stand. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 14(spec.4), 111-114. (in Polish).
[13] Dańko, R., Łucarz, M. & Dańko, J. (2014). Mechanical and mechanical-thermal regeneration of the used core sand from the cold-box process. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 14(spec.4), 21-24. (in Polish).
[14] Rui, T., Liu, J. (2010). Study of modified furan resin binder system for large steel castings. In Proceedings of 69th World Foundry Congress, 16 - 20 October 2010. Hangzhou, China, World Foundry Organization (pp. 996 – 999).
[15] Dańko, R., Holtzer, M., Dańko, J. (2015). Characteristics of dust from mechanical reclamation of moulding sand with furan cold-setting resins – impact on environment. In Proceedings of the 2015 WFO International Forum on Moulding Materials and Casting Technologies, 25 – 28 September 2015. Changsha, China. WFO Moulding Materials Commission, Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, Productivity Center of Foundry Industry of China (38-46).
[16] Iwamoto, A. & Tokiwa, Y. (1994). Enzymatic degradation of plastics containing polycaprolactone. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 45(2), 205-213.
[17] Eastmond, G.C. (2000). Poly(ε-caprolactone) blends. Advances in Polymer Science. 149, 59-222.
[18] Gutowska, A., Michniewicz, M., Ciechańska, D. & Szalczyńska, M. (2013). Methods of testing the biodegradability of biomass materials. CHEMIK. 67(10), 945-954. (in Polish).
[19] Major-Gabryś, K., Hosadyna-Kondracka, M., Skrzyński, M., Pastirčák, R. (2020). The quality of reclaim from moulding sand with furfuryl resin and PCL additive. The abstract paper at XXVI international conference of Polish, Czech and Slovak founders: 7-9.09.2020 r. Baranów Sandomierski, Poland.
[20] Major-Gabryś, K., Hosadyna-Kondracka, M. & Stachurek, I. (2020). Determination of mass loss in samples of post-regeneration dust from moulding sands with and without PCL subjected to biodegradation processes in a water environment. Journal of Applied Materials Engineering. 60(4), 121-129.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Major-Gabryś
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Stachurek
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Hosadyna-Kondracka
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
  2. ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - Foundry Research Institute, Zakopianska 73, 30-418 Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

Bioremediation is based on microorganisms able to use pollutants either as a source of carbon or in co-metabolism, and is a promising strategy in cleaning the environment. Using soil contaminated with petroleum products from an industrial area in Saudi Arabia (Jubail), and after enrichment with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) naphthalene, a Methylobacterium radiotolerans strain (N7A0) was isolated that can grow in the presence of naphthalene as the sole source of carbon. M. radiotolerans is known to be resistant to gamma radiation, and this is the first documented report of a strain of this bacterium using a PAH as the sole source of carbon. The commonly reported Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain N7B1) that biodegrades naphthalene was also identified, and gas chromatography analyses have shown that the biodegradation of naphthalene by M. radiotolerans and P. aeruginosa did follow both the salicylate and phthalate pathways.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alexis Nzila
Assad Thukair
Saravanan Sankara
Basheer Chanbasha
Musa M. Musa
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Abstract

Investigations showing the possibility of BTX biodegradation present in the water environment under anoxic conditions have been presented. The effects of transformation of benzene, toluene, o-xylene and p-xylene by indigenous to sewage microorganisms as well as by isolated species of bacteria like Aeromonas sobria, Enterobacter sakazaki, Pseudomonas aeruqinosa, Staphylococcus lentus and the mixture of these species varied distinctively. The results and calculated degradation rates have been compared to some results given by other authors. In anoxic conditions all investigated aromates have shown to be biodegradable. The highest rate of degradation was found for isolated species of bacteria from municipal sewage.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alicja Machnicka
Jan Suschka
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Abstract

Changes in activity of amylase, cellulase, protease and dehydrogenase during biodegradation of petroleum contaminants were investigated in laboratory studies. Refinery soil polluted for a long time was modified by commercial biological preparation and natural biological preparation (prepared from this soil). These modifications did not influence cellulase and protease activity. Activity of amylase and dehydrogenase changed in these samples. In the sixth week the highest activity of dehydrogenase was noticed, especially in soil with commercial biological preparation. Modifications had a great influence on contaminants degradation. The highest elimination of TPH (20,4%) and heavy fractions (10,5%) took place in soil modified by commercial biological preparation. The highest PAH elimination was in soil with natural bacterial preparation
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Authors and Affiliations

Wioletta Przystaś
Korneliusz Miksch
Anna Małachowska-Jutsz
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Abstract

Diclofenac (2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory

drug. Due to excessive use of diclofenac, this drug has been detected in surface water, ground water and drinking

water. In our study, four fungal strain Trametes trogii, Aspergillus niger, Yarrowia lipolytica and Phanerochaete

chrysosporium were investigated in terms of diclofenac degradation potential. Trametes trogii was found to be

the most effi cient strain with 100% diclofenac degradation rate. Two hydroxylated diclofenac metabolites have

been identifi ed in culture medium. Crude laccase from T. trogii almost completely removed diclofenac with 97%

removal in 48 h. We suggest that the degradation of diclofenac depends on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system

and laccase activity. After 24 h incubation decrease in toxicity of diclofenac was confi rmed by Microtox test.

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Authors and Affiliations

Y. Doruk Aracagök
Hakan Göker
Nilüfer Cihangir
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of various methods of oil mixing with wastewater on

properties of synthetic municipal wastewater containing edible oil (SMW+0.02% m/v rapeseed oil). The study was

carried out in 3L glass, cylindrical reactors to which SMW+0.02% were introduced. Various methods of its mixing

with water were applied: mechanical mixing (SMW+0.02%+mixing) and sonication (SMW+0.02%+ultrasounds).

The wastewater was sonicated at 35 kHz for 30 min. The constant temperature conditions were maintained during

the experiment for each mixing method (15°C, 20°C and 30°C). The analysis of parameters (pH, COD, BOD5

and

long chain free fatty acids concentration) of raw wastewater and after 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours of inoculation

was performed to determine the effect of mixing method.

The most signifi cant changes in wastewater chemical parameters after the introduction of the oil were observed

in the case of COD. For SMW+0.02%+ mixing a slow increase in COD within 24 hours of the process was observed.

In the case of SMW+0.02%+ultrasounds the increase and the decrease of COD value were observed in reference

to the initial value. The changes in acids concentrations observed in reactors with SMW+0.02%+ultrasounds were

referred to the ones observed in reactors with SMW+0.02%+mixing but changes were more intense in the fi rst

reactor. The use of ultrasounds in pre-treatment of wastewater resulted in the intense appearance of palmitic acid

for 6 hours. Regardless of the emulsion formation method (mixing or ultrasounds), the concentration of oleic acid

and linoleic acid was reduced. The biggest changes in free fatty acids concentration were observed for palmitic,

oleic and linoleic acids after 24 hours.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Łobos-Moysa
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Abstract

Recent studies in the area of biological air treatment in filters have addressed fundamental key issues, such as a biofilter bed of different origin composed of natural zeolite granules, foam cubes and wood chips. When foam and zeolite are mixed with wood chips to remove volatile organic compounds from the air, not only biological but also adsorption air purification methods are accomplished. The use of complex purification technologies helps to improve the efficiency of a filter as well as the bed service life of the filter bed. Investigations revealed that microorganisms prevailing in biological purification, can also reproduce themselves in biofilter beds of inorganic and synthetic origin composed of natural zeolite and foam. By cultivating associations of spontaneous microorganisms in the filter bed the dependencies of the purification efficiency of filter on the origin, concentration and filtration time of injected pollutants were determined. The highest purification efficiency was obtained when air polluted with acetone vapour was supplied to the equipment at 0.1 m/s of superficial gas velocity. When cleaning air from volatile organic compounds (acetone, toluene and butanol), under the initial pollutant concentration of ~100 mg/m3, the filter efficiency reached 95 %.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alvydas Zagorskis
Rasa Vaiškūnaitė
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Abstract

Petroleum pollution is still one or crucial environmental problems. Bioaugmcntation is a popular technique used in soil remediation. The aim of soil inoculation is acceleration or decomposition processes or improving the degradation efficiency. Effectiveness of bioaugmentation processes depends on the number and activity of microorganisms adapted to pollutant degradation. Enhancement of microorganisms' activity can be reached by the use or plants. Roots or plants excrete organic substances that stimulate microorganisms' growth. Among different species or plants interesting arc papilionaceous plants because of their nitrogen fixation ability in symbiosis with bacteria. The effects or using papilionaceous plants (Trifolium pratense), multiplied autochthonous microorganisms and commercial biopreparation in aged-petroleumpolluted soil were studied. The samples of soil were taken from the refinery in Czechowice-Dziedzice (Poland) and classified as heavily degraded with a C/N-ratio or 100:0.7. Investigations were conducted for 14 weeks. Microbiological analysis included: total bacteria, fungi, Actinomycetes and Pscudonionas counts. Concentration or heavy fractions, TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were measured at the start and at the end of the experiment. Presence of pap il ionaceous plant (Trifolium pratensei enhanced the growth or microorganisms, nitrogen concentration and biodegradation processes (removal of 63% or TPH, 44% or heavy fractions, 9% or 4-6 aromatic PAHand 80% of 2-3 aromatic PAH) in polluted soil. An increasing number of Pseudomonas species was observed in samples in which pollution removal was more effective.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
Wioletta Przystaś
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Abstract

Biodegradation of organic matter by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from soil from military testing ground and petroleum plants were investigated. The isolated microorganisms utilized low molecular weight compounds and participation of SRB in biodegradation of these compounds was similar in marine sediments and in soil (40-55%).
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Wolicka
Andrzej Borkowski
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Abstract

In this study the effect of anionic surfactants on the morphology of activated sludge floes and biomass activity is quantitatively described. Three anionic surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate and sodium alkyltrioxyethylene sulphate were tested. The batch experiments were performed for a wide range of initial concentrations of anionics in wastewater from 2.5 to 2500 mgdm3. In spite of different chemical structure the action of all tested anionic surfactants resulted in the decrease of activated sludge floes dimensions at the similar level. It occurred that in the range of anionics concentrations, which are typical for domestic wastewater (2.5-25 mgdm3), they contributed to the decrease of mean projected area of floes by about 30%, whereas at the concentrations of 250 and 2500 mg-dm3 mean projected area decreased usually by 50-60%. Sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate exerted the strongest inhibition effect on dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge biomass. This effect coincided with the decreased degrees of removal for this surfactant and its biodegradation products, especially at its lower initial concentrations in wastewater.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Liwarska--Bizukojc
Marcin Bizukojc
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Abstract

In environmental matrices there are mixtures of parent drug and its metabolites. The majority of research is focused on the biological activity and toxic effect of diclofenac (DCF), there is little research on the biological activity of DCF metabolites and their mixtures. The study focused on the assessment of the biological impact of DCF, its metabolites 4’-hydroxydiclofenac (4’-OHDCF) and 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OHDCF) and their mixtures on E. coli strains. The biological effects of tested chemicals were evaluated using the following: E. coli K-12 cells viability assay, the inhibition of bacteria culture growth, ROS (reactive oxygene species) generation and glutathione (GSH) content estimation. Moreover, we examined the influence of the mixture of DCF with caffeic acid (CA) on E. coli cells viability. Our results showed the strongest impact of the mixtures of DCF with 4’-OHDCF and 5-OHDCF on E. coli SM biosensor strains in comparison to parent chemicals. Similar results were obtained in viability test, where we noticed the highest reduction in E. coli cell viability after bacteria incubation with the mixtures of DCF with 4’-OHDCF and 5-OHDCF. Similarly, these mixtures strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli culture. We also found synergistic effect of caffeic acid in combination with DCF on E. coli cells viability. After bacteria treatment with the mixture of DCF and its metabolites we also noted the strongest amount of ROS generation and GSH depletion in E. coli culture. It suggests that oxidative stress is the most important mechanism underlying the activity of DCF and its metabolites.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Matejczyk
1
Piotr Ofman
2
Katarzyna Dąbrowska
3
Renata Świsłocka
1
Włodzimierz Lewandowski
1

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Division of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok, Poland
  2. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
  3. Department of Microbiology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The Fe-based alloy with manganese led to the appearance of new austenitic alloys, with the antiferromagnetic property pursued, resulting in compatibility with the magnetic field as that of magnetic resonance imaging. The corrosion resistance behavior of the biodegradable Fe-Mn-Si alloy was analyzed in a thermostatic chamber at 37±1°C for 24, 48 and 72 hours by immersing in Ringer solution. Also, the cast and laminated samples were subjected to electro-corrosion tests using a potentiostat equipment. Linear and cyclic potentiometry is presented for characterize the corrosion behavior of the experimental samples in electrolyte. Due to the interaction between the alloy and the liquid medium a change in the solution pH was observed. Structure analysis and chemical composition details of the surfaces were obtained using electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
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Authors and Affiliations

A.-M. Roman
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Chelariu
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Cimpoesu
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Stirbu
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Ionita
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.M. Cazacu
2
ORCID: ORCID
B.A. Prisecariu
3
ORCID: ORCID
N. Cimpoesu
3
ORCID: ORCID
P. Pietrusiewicz
4
ORCID: ORCID
A. Sodor
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron no. 41 Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania
  2. “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Department of Physics, 700050 Iasi, Romania
  3. “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Univ. Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
  4. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics , 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstract

Plastics have become indispensable in everyday life due to their properties. For this reason, the accumulation of polymer waste in the natural environment is becoming a serious global problem. The aim of the research was to isolate microorganisms capable of biodegrading plastics. The studies focused on the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene as the most common polymer. Seven and five bacterial strains were isolated from the landfill and compost, respectively. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were determined. These isolates were able to survive in an environment where the only carbon source was LDPE, but no increase in biomass was obtained. However, analysis of the spectra obtained by the ATR-FTIR method showed the formation of chemical changes on the polymer surface. Bacterial biofilm formation was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The toxicity of plastic biodegradation products in a liquid environment was tested and their safety for plants was confirmed. However, these biodegradation products have acute lethal toxicity for the Daphnia magna.
LDPE films were pre-treated with H 2O 2, HNO 3, or heat. The biodegradation of HNO 3-treated LDPE by isolated bacteria was the most significant. The weight loss was approximately 8%, and 6%, for landfill and compost-isolated bacterial strains, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Szczyrba
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana Pokynbroda
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliia Koretska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Gąszczak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Inżynierii Chemicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk, ul. Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels of the Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry named after L.M. Lytvynenko of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova str, 79060, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

The large diversity of chemical substances present in air, water, or soil makes it necessary tostudy their mutual impact on the effectiveness of microbiological decomposition ofcontaminants. This publication presents the results of the studies aimed at evaluating the effect of two biogenic heavy metals - zinc and copper - on the phenol biodegradation by the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 strain. The tests were carried out for concentrations ofmetals significantly exceeding the legally permitted wastewater values: for zinc up to13.3 g·m -3, and copper up to 3.33 g·m -3. In the tested metal concentration range, phenol biodegradation by the S. maltophilia KB2 strain was not significantly influenced by theintroduced dose of zinc. While the presence of copper inhibited both biomass growth andsubstrate degradation. Kinetic data of metal and phenol mixtures were analyzed and very goodcorrelations were obtained for the proposed equations. An equation consistents with the Hanand Levenspiel model was proposed for the system S. maltophilia KB2-phenol-copper, whilean equation consistents with the Kai model for the system St. maltophilia KB2-phenol-zinc. The simultaneous presence of Zn and Cu ions in the culture resulted in a stronger inhibition ofphenol biodegradation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Gąszczak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Szczyrba
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Szczotka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Baltycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

In the present study, the enrichment and isolation of textile effluent decolorizing bacteria were carried out in wheat bran (WB) medium. The isolated bacterium Providencia rettgeri strain HSL1 was then tested for decolorization of textile effluent in consortium with a dyestuff degrading fungus Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM 1146. Decolorization study suggests that A. ochraceus NCIM 1146 and P. rettgeri strain HSL1 alone re moves only 6 and 32% of textile effluent American Dye Manufacturing Institute respectively in 30 h at 30 ±0.2°C of microaerophilic incubation, while the fungal-bacterial consortium does 92% ADMI removal within the same time period. The fungal-bacterial consortium exhibited enhanced decolorization rate due to the induction in activities of catalytic enzymes laccase (196%), lignin peroxidase (77%), azoreductase (80%) and NADH-DCIP reductase (84%). The HPLC analysis confirmed the biodegradation of textile effluent into various metabolites. Detoxification studies of textile effluent before and after treatment with fungal-bacterial consortium revealed reduced toxicity of degradation metabolites. The efficient degradation and detoxification by fungal-bacterial consortium pre-grown in agricultural based medium thus suggest a promising approach in designing low-cost treatment technologies for textile effluent.

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Authors and Affiliations

Harshad Lade
Avinash Kadam
Diby Paul
Sanjay Govindwar
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Abstract

Studies were conducted using a 10-chamber Micro-Oxymax (Columbus, OH, USA) respirometer to determine the effect of bioaugmentation, biostimulation and combination of them on enhancing intrinsic biodegradation of oil hydrocarbons in soil. Contaminated soil was collected from a former military airport in Kluczewo, Poland. Bioaugmentation was realized by addition of indigenous or exogenous bacteria to soil. Biostimulation was done by aerated water supply and surfactant addition. Bioaugmentation + addition of a surfactant was applied as the combined treatment. The intrinsic and enhanced hydrocarbons biodegradation rates were estimated from the slopes of linear regressions of cumulative curves of O2 uptake. Pertinent biodegradation rates were recalculated on the basis of the stoichiometric reaction (mass balance equation) and conversion equation. The results showed that combined treatment (indigenous bacteria bioaugmentation + addition of a surfactant) was the most effective method of biodegradation enhancement as the 20-fold increase of biodegradation rate was observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Zawierucha
Grzegorz Malina
Wojciech Ciesielski
Piotr Rychter
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Abstract

Since fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are extensively used both in human and veterinary medicine their accumulation in the environment is causing increasing concern. The aim of the study was to isolate a microbial consortium resistant to ofl oxacin and norfl oxacin and able to biodegrade both antibiotics. Green compost was used as a source of microorganisms. The biodegradation effi ciency was monitored by changes of antibiotics concentrations and toxicity. The microbial consortium was composed of two bacterial isolates: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K2) and Achromobacter sp. (K3) and two fungi Candida manassasensis (K1) and Trichosporon asahii (K4). All the isolates were characterized as highly resistant to both antibiotics – ofl oxacin and norfl oxacin. FQs were supplied individually into the culture medium in the presence of an easily degradable carbon source – glucose. Biodegradation of norfl oxacin was much faster than ofl oxacin biodegradation. During 20 days of the experiment, the norfl oxacin level decreased by more than 80%. Ofl oxacin was generally biodegraded thereafter at relatively slow biodegradation rate. After 28 days the ofl oxacin level decreased by 60%. Similarly, the toxicity of biodegraded antibiotics decreased 4-fold and 3.5-fold for norfl oxacin and ofl oxacin, respectively. The ability of the bacterial-fungal consortium to degrade antibiotics and reduce toxicity could help to reduce environmental pollution with these pharmaceutical.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Jałowiecki
Grażyna Płaza
Helene Ejhed
Monika Nawrotek
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Abstract

High intake of over-the-counter, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, has resulted in their presence in wastewaters and surface waters. The potentially harmful effect of ibuprofen present in the waters has led to a search for new methods of drugs’ removal from the environment. One of the most important technological and economical solutions comprises microbiological degradation of these resistant pollutants. Searching for new strains able to degrade ibuprofen could be one of the answers for increasing the detection of pharmaceuticals in the waters. In this study, the ability of bacterial strain Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) to remove ibuprofen is described. Bacteria were cultured in both monosubstrate and cometabolic systems with 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mg L-1 ibuprofen and 1 g L-1 glucose as a carbon source. Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) removed ibuprofen up to 9 mg L-1 in 232 hours in the monosubstrate culture, whereas in the cometabolic culture the removal of the drug was over 6 times faster. That is why the examined strain could be used to enhance the bioremediation of ibuprofen.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ariel Marchlewicz
Urszula Guzik
Danuta Wojcieszyńska

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