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Number of results: 101
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Abstract

The results of first investigation (from the formation in 1939) Gliwice Channel of polycyclic hydrocarbons concentration in bottom sediments was given. PAHs is a very important element of pollution for point of view of bottom deposits utilisation. From the Gliwice Harbour during the channel concentrations of PAHs are reduce. The most polluted is section of first 10 km. The highest concentration (7528 μgfkg) was determined in the bottom sediments of Kłodnica River, on the water intake to the channel. The smallest concentration was determined on the section from 19 to 28.9 km of channel (175 to 700 μg/kg ). The section from chemical factory Blachownia to Kozie Harbour has concentrations 946.88 μgfkg to 2254.915 μgfkg. During the every flood-gate-sections the PAHs concentrations were increased. The hydraulic conditions are the agent determining the distribution of PAHs by influent on the organic suspended solids sedimentation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Marianna Czaplicka
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Abstract

The results of investigation on the amount and chemical composition of biogas emitted from bottom sediments of polluted Dzierżno Duże dam reservoir have been presented. The bottom sediments could be a resource of considerable quantity of biogas, e.g. methane. The dilution of methane in water is similar to that of oxygen. The presence of methane dissolved in the water deteriorates environmental conditions. The quantity of biogas depending on temperature ranged from 2 to 12 dm3/m2*d. The biggest singular grow exist in the water temperature 10-15°C. Chemical composition for biogas is dependent on the temperature. Along with the water temperature growth from 7 to 24°C, participation of methane in the biogas increased from 73% to 85%, and the participation of nitrogen from 3.9% to 22.47%. The participation of carbon dioxide decreased from 22% to 4.5%. The heterogeneous process of biogas emission arc running in the kinetic and diffusion area is dependent on temperature. In the low temperature the progress of the process is controlled by the speed of biochemical reaction. The progress of the diffusion process grows in a high temperature, and in the range of 15-24° C the processes is controlled by diffusion of substrates and products of reaction.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Jerzy Mazierski
Eligiusz Kowalski
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Abstract

Determined concentrations of BTEX and PAHs in bottom sediments of strong polluted dam- reservoir Dzierżno Duże (Western Part of Upper Silesian Region in South of Poland) are presented. Hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations have not grown since 1979. The effect of adaptation process of microbiological groups to PAH degradation over the long period of pollution in the anthropogenic ecosystem is presented. Organic pollutants are deposited in the bottom of the Kłodnica river estuary. Total PAHs concentration in bottom sediments was estimated about 30 mg/kg dry weight near the Kłodnica estuary and it gradually decreases. In the distance of 700 m from first part of the water reservoir, PAH concentration is lower than 80% of the concentration, which was determined in the first sampling points of the estuary. In the present ecosystem the hydrocarbons are the element of strong environmental contamination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Marianna Czaplicka
Anna Węglarz
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of the studies on a degree of pollution and sanitary-bacteriological stale of bottom sediments of Wigry Lake in I 998 and 1999. Total Viable Count at 20°C (TYC 20°C) and Total Viable Count at 37°C (TYC 37°C) were used as indicators of pollution, while Total Coli (TC), Faecal Coli (FC), Faecal Streptococcus - Enterococcus (FS) and Clostridium perfringens - as indicators of the sanitary stale. Bottom sediment samples wen: collected from 3 sites situated in the centre of the lake and from 6 sites in the vicinity of the lake shore. Sanely and gravel offshore bottom sediments showed less degree or pollution than muddy bottom sediments collected from the centre or the lake. Higher numbers of anaerobic spore-forming and sulphite reducing bacteria (Clostridium pcrfringens) found at sites 1 and 2 in the vicinity of the mouth of Czarna Hańcza River lo Lake Wigry. At those places a higher bacteriological pol lution of bottom sediments samples was found.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Korzeniewska
Anna Gotkowska-Plachta
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Abstract

The results of the first (since 1939) investigation of Gliwice Channel have been presented. The concentrations of mobiles and constant forms of heavy metals in the bottom sediments have been given. The changes range was: for chromium 4.8-463.2 mg Cr/kg, for cadmium 0.6-18.2 mg Cd/kg, for lead 4-197 mg Pb/kg, for cupric 6-2152 mg Cu/kg, for manganese 33-1664 mg Mn/kg, for nickel 5-85.2 mg Ni/kg, for zinc 64-2244 mg Zn/kg, for iron 2080-94080 mg Fe/kg. The percent participation of stable forms of chromium decreases during longitude profile of canal whereas participation of mobile forms is increases. The stable and mobile forms of cadmium (Cd) increase. The concentrations of stable and mobile form of lead (Pb) decrease. The percent participation of stable forms of copper (Cu) is high (82- 100%). On total longitude of canal the participation of mobile forms of manganese (Mn) increases, but stable forms have advantage. For nickel (Ni) the stable forms are prevail too (form 55% to 81%). The participation of mobile forms of zinc (Zn) is 18% to 60%. The sharply outlined relationship between metals and organic matter concentrations indicates the significance in the metals transport processes from water to bottom sediments. Consequently, pollution of bottom sediments by heavy metals is the secondary result of organic substances of water enrichment. The relationships between total metals and iron (Fe) concentration points to the role of heavy metals stable amalgamations with amorphous ferric oxides. The cascade character and pulsatory water flow of Gliwice Channel makes the concentrations of heavy metals in bottom sediments successfully decrease in each canal section. At the same time, in each section of the canal gradual increase in metals concentration occurs and the maximum values for all determinated metals are present just before sluices closing sections. The best ecological effect, from the economical point of view, is obtained by bottom sediment removal on the about 1 km sectors over each of the sluice.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
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Abstract

The study presents the results of the research into different phosphorus forms in the bottom sediments of anthropogenic limnic ecosystems i.e. the reservoirs of Pławniowice, Rybnik and Goczałkowice (SP). The bottom sediments of dam reservoirs were investigated by chemical extraction procedure for phosphorus forms. The lowest value of the mean AAP form percentage in the Pławniowice bottom sediments reflected the effect of reclamation with the hypolimnetic removal that had been conducted in the reservoir since 2003. The highest percentage of the RDP form (2%) was found in the Goczałkowice bottom sediments. The order of the specific speciation forms in the bottom sediments of the examined reservoirs was:

Rybnik: AAP > EP > WDP > RDP; 4,630> 3,740 > 117 > 65 > 3.5 mgP/kg

Pławniowice: AAP > EP > WDP > RDP; 916 > 783 > 107 > 15 > 1.4 mgP/kg

Goczałkowice: AAP > WDP > EP > RDP; 686 > 628 > 51 > 7 > 0.14 mgP/kg

The mutual correlations between the phosphorus speciation forms (AAP : EP : WDP : RDP) were as follows:

Rybnik: 1,323 : 1,068 : 33 : 18 : 1;

Pławniowice: 654 : 559 : 76 : 11 : 1;

Goczałkowice: 4,900 : 4,485 : 364 : 50 : 1.

The comparison of the mean concentration values for specific phosphorus forms in the bottom sediments of the three investigated reservoirs demonstrated that the Rybnik sediments had the highest contents of phosphorus. The contents in Pławniowice and Goczałkowice were 5-7 times lower

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Krystyna Janta-Koszuta
Katarzyna Stahl
Bartosz Łozowski
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Abstract

Water and bottom sediment samples collected from a few fish-breeding ponds/reservoirs were subjected to tests. The aim of this paper was to determine the total content of aluminium and its fractions in the samples tested to estimate the potential risk to fish caused by the toxic forms of aluminium. The monomeric inorganic aluminium in waters was determined using the ion exchange and extraction-colorimetric method with oxychinoline according to Barnes's-Driscoll's procedure. The bottoms were fractionated using a three-step sequential extraction procedure and the microwave mineralisation. The total content of aluminium in waters and extracts was determined using the spectrophotometric method with eriochromocyanine R, and comparatively using the ICP OES technique. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The level of concentration of labile Al in the waters about 26-34 μg/dm3 and content of exchangeable Al 5-34 mg/g range in bottom sediments are possibly hazardous to aquatic organisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Kluczka
Maria Zołotajkin
Jerzy Ciba
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Abstract

Physical analysis of the 15-cm top layer of the Rzuno lake bottom sediments showed that their properties changed adequate by depth. They changed from granular structure, in the lakes shallow parts, to amorphic structure, in the lakes deeper parts, from light color to almost black and from loose to gelatinous consistence. Chemical investigation of this lake bottoms sediments showed that their main components is silica (more than 50% of dry matter of sediments), therefore these bottom sediments were classified as silicate sediments. Organic matter was another essential component of these sediments. The content of organic matter increased adequate by depth from 7% to 36%. The investigated sediments exhibited small contents of nitrogen (about 0.6%), with predominance of organic nitrogen. They make up are characterized by small phosphorus contents (about 0.06%), with similar amount of inorganic and organic phosphorus. The content of metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Mn) was also small in the investigated sediments. Correlation analysis showed that iron ions precipitate phosphate phosphorus from water and accumulate it in sediments. The material deposited in bottom sediments of Rzuno lake in mainly of an autochthonous origin. The chemical composition of bottom sediments of Rzuno lake, as well as its comparison with other lakes, show that this lake is moderately eutrophic.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Trojanowski
Janusz Bruski
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Abstract

The research objective was to study temporal and spatial relations between specific phosphorus species as well as to examine total phosphorus content in the bottom sediments of an anthropogenic, hypertrophic limnic ecosystem Rybnik Reservoir, functioning under thermal pollution conditions. The chemical extraction procedure for the speciation of bioavailable phosphorus forms was used. It was found that available algae phosphorus was the most dominant phosphorus species in both sediment layers (83%), while the lower share was readily desorbed phosphorus form (0.1%). The phosphorus species concentrations depended on the organic matter concentration. The differences between phosphorus species contents in the upper (5 cm) and lower (15–20 cm) sediment core layers were low. The biologically active sediment layer extended from the sediment surface to at least 20 cm depth of the sediment core. Distributions of the concentrations within the year and at specific sampling points resulted from the variability observed for particular points and transformation intensity. Furthermore in the following study, the reaction rate constant for the increase and decrease in the concentrations of the phosphorus species in sediments was given. It was indicated that the speed of the phosphorus species transformations was affected by the environment temperature. In the heated water discharge zone (water temp. 17–35°C) the concentrations of selected speciation phosphorus forms increased more than in the dam zone (5–25°C). It was also found that the abundance of the bottom sediments with phosphorus species was related to the oblong and transverse asymmetry of reservoir depth.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Malwina Tytła
Joanna Kernert
Katarzyna Stahl
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Abstract

The object of the investigation was metal contamination of bottom sediments of the Skroda and

Chwaliszówka rivers, which are the right contributaries of the Lusatian Neisse river, draining the territory of

the so called “anthropogenic lake district”. The district came into existence as a result of mining activities in the

border of Silesia and Lusatia, which date from the half of 19th century to 1974. The district includes about 100

reservoirs, of the total area of over 150 ha, which are from about 30 to 100 years old.

The rocks accompanying the Miocene coal-bearing formations were deposited on waste dumps. The dumps

form embankments of the aquifers arising as a result of post-exploitation mining subsidence. The streams dewatering waste dumps inflow directly or indirectly to the Chwaliszówka and Skroda rivers. The pyrite is the

mineral present in mine waste material. The pyrite weathering products inflow into surface waters and affect

adversely the water quality. In the last stage of migration the pollutants are accumulated in the bottom sediments

of rivers and lakes. The samples of bottom sediments of the two rivers were analysed by means of a five-step

sequential extraction procedure performed for the partitioning of selected trace metals (Fe, Mn, As, Cr and Al).

It was determined that the bottom sediments of the two analysed rivers contain significant concentrations of

aluminium and iron. The concentrations of other metals (Mn, Cr and As) are in the range of geochemical background of water sediments in Poland. Concentrations of arsenium, chromium and manganese, which are bound

to easy-available fractions (I – exchangeable and II – bound to carbonates) are not significant, so it could be

assumed that they are not expected to be released and they do not threaten the river ecological system. There is,

however, the possibility of the aluminium and iron re-mobilisation, taking into account the high concentrations

of easy-available fractions of these metals in the sediment. Fe and Al are potential source of water contamination, and re-mobilisation of these metals will produce the aggravation of quality parameters of river waters.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Skoczyńska-Gajda
M. Labus
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Abstract

The aim of the presented research was to analyse the pollution of the Kozłowa Góra Dam Reservoir

with PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr). The investigated water

and bottom sediments were sampled from two sampling points in November, 2009. The sampling points were

located in the southern part of the Kozłowa Góra Dam Reservoir. The samples of bottom sediments were taken

from the surface layer of 5 cm thickness. The extraction of PCBs from the bottom sediments was performed

according to the EPA 3550B standard. For the sequential extraction analysis of metals from the sampled bottom

sediments, the method suggested by Tessier was applied. Based on the obtained results the water and bottom

sediments from the Kozłowa Góra Dam Reservoir were polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls. The highest

concentration of the investigated PCB congeners in bottom sediments was determined in the sampling point

No. 1 (2.78 µg/kg d.m.), whereas in the sampling point No. 2 this level was over 20-fold lower which might

result from the inflow of these compounds with the waters of the Brynica river. In both sampling points the investigated bottom sediments were predominated by higher chlorinated PCBs with comparable contents of 86%

and 85%, respectively. The level of pollution in the investigated bottom sediments (calculated per dry matter)

with polychlorinated biphenyls did not exceed the level of TEL (< 0.02 mg/kg). The PEL value (3.5 mg/kg) was

exceeded in the case of cadmium in the bottom sediment from the sampling point No. 2 and also lead (91 mg/kg)

from both sampling points. The first two fractions with the mobile forms of metals are the most sensitive fractions to any changes of the environmental conditions in the benthic zone. In those fractions significant contents

of lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc were observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Rosińska
L. Dąbrowska
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Abstract

Article deals with a fractional and chemical composition of sediments from the sediment reservoir in Ilyash village, Ferghana region, Uzbekistan (Syr Darya river basin) and analyses their feasibility. As a key factor in the study of this process was considered the fractional and agrochemical composition of sediments moving with water in the sediment reservoir, and the change of their share in the water along the length of the reservoir. The main composition of the sediments in reservoir consists of fractions >0.25 and 0.25–0.01 mm, with the average fraction of 69% in the inlet and 60% in the outlet. The river sediments are rich in minerals important for the irrigated cropland. Based on the results we conclude that it is possible to regulate the number of chemical compounds in the water by controlling the exploitation regime of reservoir and the sedimentation process in it.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tatiana Kaletova
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Aybek Arifjanov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Luqmon Samiev
2
ORCID: ORCID
Farrukh Babajanov
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
  2. Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Uzbekistan
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Abstract

Several conclusions and recommendations concerning sediment trap geometry, the technique of their deployment and interpretation of measurements results are described in this paper. Only cylindrical sediment traps are able to cope with the diverse and dynamic environment of glaciated fjords. The relation between different trap parameters shows the optimal proportion of cylinder diameter as being between 6 and 10 cm and ratio length/diameter not less than 7/1. During the peak of the melting season in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen) the rate of sedimentation of total matter reaches over 900 g m–2 d–1 and the velocity of brackish water current can reach 80 cm s–1 on the surface. Owing to the high productivity of Arctic fiords and large concentration of suspended mineral matter it is possible to collect of large samples in a short time, therefore prevention of sediment traps by swimmers is not necessary.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Zajączkowski
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Abstract

This paper deals with the results of chemical pre-treatment of effluents from Chip Washing by coagulation. Three different, most frequently used coagulants i.e. calcium hydroxide, aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride were applied. Influence of single and simultaneous dosage of the reagents was investigated. Fully randomized block systems were applied in the factorial variance analysis and final approximation analytic-empiric mathematical equations with application of the central point method were formulated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Piekarski
Tadeusz Piecuch
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Abstract

This work determined the solid-water distribution coefficient Kd, the Freundlich constant KF and the organic carbon normalized coefficient K0c of ibuprofen in natural, aquifer sediments. They are characterized as silt sediments with different clay and sand fraction contents varied in specific surface areas. Content of organic carbon and pH are on the same level. For determining sorption coefficients values of ibuprofen in sediments, its concentration was measured in the aqueous and calculated in the solid phase. Batch tests were conducted following OECD Guideline 106. The resulting Kd values ranged between 1.14 and 2.29 L/kg, ~ between 0.25 and 5.48 and Koc between 1.22 and 2.53 for ibuprofen in sediments SI and S2, respectively. These experiments proved that the presence of clay minerals beside organic carbon and pH might be relevant in sorption of ibuprofen in sediments. A comparison of experimentally determined Koc with modelled Koc calculated on the base of octanol-water partitioning coefficient K0w shows that the prediction of sorption behaviour cannot be based only on Kow· This is probably due to the fact that these approaches well describe hydrophobic interactions, but fail to predict sorption of polar and ionic compounds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Styszko
Katarzyna Sosonowska
Piotr Wojtanowicz
Janusz Gołaś
Jerzy Górecki
Mariusz Macherzyński
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The contents of total P and its bioavailable forms. as well as of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, and OM in the bottom sediments of the Solina-Myczkowce (S-E Poland) cascade of reservoirs, are presented. Notwithstanding a relatively low calcium content, it is the apatite fraction that accounts for the largest share of total phosphorus in the shallower parts of the Solina and Myczkowce Reservoirs. In turn, while contents of iron and aluminium (and manganese in the Solina Reservoir) are high, the fraction containing non-apatite inorganic phosphorus accounts for the smallest portion of the total phosphorus in the bottom sediments of both reservoirs. Bottom sediments of the Solina Reservoir are also characterised by significant correlations between total phosphorus content and aluminium content. Otherwise, significant correlations are reported for only some of the stations at each of the reservoirs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lilianna Bartoszek
Janusz A. Tomaszek
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Abstract

On the ground of results obtained by the seismoacoustic profiling carried out in 1985 and primary examination of core samples the following main seismoacoustic units are distinguished and characterized: unit A — bedrock, unit B — till and/or compacted glaciomarine deposit, unit C — glaciomarine ice-front deposit, unit D — glaciomarine mud. These results enabled to present the distribution of seismoacoustic units along the fiord and its extension on the shelf, as well as to determine a relation of bottom structures to Late Vistulian(?) deglaciation and the action of Holocene tributary glaciers, probably during the Little Ice Age. The position of marginal structures corresponding to local retreat stages of the glacier front is also presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz Kowalewski
Stanisław Rudowski
S. Maciej Zalewski
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Abstract

Ninety eight polychaete species were found in the shallow sublittoral of Admiralty Bay. The most abundant were Leitoscoloplos kerguelensis, Tauberia gracilis, Ophelina syringopyge, Rhodine intermedia, Tharyx cincinnatus, Aricidea (Acesta) strelzovi, Apistobranchus sp., Cirrophorus brevicirratus and Microspio moorei. Mean abundance of polychaetes was estimated at 120 ind./ 0.1m2. As a result of cluster analysis several polychaete assemblages were distinguished. The highly specific assemblage with two characteristic species, Scoloplos marginatus and Travisia kerguelensis, from shallow areas with sandy bottom situated far from glaciers; a distincly specific assemblage with Apistobranchus sp. from poorly sorted sediments in the bottom areas situated on the slopes at the base of steep rubble shores; the richest and most diverse, highly specific polychaete assemblage from the central basin of the bay with Tauberia gracilis as the most characteristic species, as well as two assemblages from the bottom areas neighbouring glaciers and influenced by the intensive enrichment of very small grain-sized sediments with Ophelina cylindricaudata and Tharyx cincinnatus. Clear assemblages’ arrangement was observed along the gradient: sand, silty sand, silt towards clay silt. Other important factors, supporting the proposed classification of assemblages and their character, include the sorting coefficient of the sediment (So) as well as the slope of the bottom. The between-habitat diversity of polychaete fauna is strongly connected with the phenomena occurring in the neighbouring terrestrial coastal areas.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Siciński

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