cAMP is a second messenger which plays a regulatory role in a wide variety of biological processes in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes, but knowledge of its role in macroalgae and vascular plants is limited. We modified cAMP levels in the macroalga Chara vulgaris thallus and studied the effects on thallus growth and gametangia development: db-cAMP (permeable analog of cAMP), adenylate cyclase (AC) activator, forskolin and theophylline (cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor) were used to elevate cAMP levels, and the AC inhibitors 2'-dAdo and 2'-d3'-AMP were used to decrease them. The results suggest that in Chara vulgaris the cAMP pathway may regulate both vegetative thallus growth and gametangia development, and that these effects may depend on this second-messenger level. Elevated cAMP stimulated thallus growth and delayed gametangia development; decreased cAMP inhibited thallus growth and accelerated maturation of both antheridia and oogonia. These results suggest that the cAMP pathway participates in regulation of developmental processes in Chara vulgaris and that thallus growth and gametangia development require different cAMP levels in cells.

Based on theatricality, humour and camp aesthetics, the novel Lubiewo (2005) by the Polish writer Michał Witkowski recounts the tragicomic lives and adventures of Polish queers under Communism. One of the main features of the novel is the meaning-bearing nicknames of the characters, which result from the camp practice of “queer renaming”. This relies on transforming or substituting male proper names with ironic and witty female nicknames. The paper analyses the German, French, English and Czech translations of the novel to explain the strategies used to render such “talking nouns” in new linguistic-cultural contexts.

Urodzona w 1931 roku w Austrii pisarka żydowskiego pochodzenia Ruth Klüger sugeruje wobec dramatu Shoah wyższą moralność kobiet nad mężczyznami i tym samym otwiera dyskurs dotyczący zagadnień etycznych we współczesnej humanistyce. Teza ta domaga się uwypuklenia, ale także prób krytycznej analizy. Odwołując się do kontekstu filozoficzno-psychologicznego, jak i historycznego, tj. konkretnie do wspomnień więźniarek obozowych drugiej wojny światowej, próbuję dokonać refleksji nad kobiecą etyką troski i odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy wskazywane różnice podważają istnienie wspólnej obu płciom moralności ludzkiej, a więc czy moralność zależy od płci? Zadaniem interdyscyplinarnych prób interpretacyjnych w niniejszej analizie jest rozpoznanie wyzwań i problemów, jakie swoim wywodem postawiła Klüger refleksji humanistycznej dotyczącej ludzkiej kondycji godnościowej.

This article discusses finds of Roman coins made during excavations in Novae (Bulgaria), by the University of Warsaw’s Research Center on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe. Novae is a Roman legionary camp in the province of Moesia, associated mainly with the Legion I Italica. However, the camp was built by the Legion VIII Augusta. The article analyzes the coin finds from 60 years of excavations at this archaeological site, coming from the area of the so-called sector IV and sector XII. Sector IV is mainly the Legion I military hospital ( valetudinarium), while Sector XII is referred to as the Legion VIII cohort barracks area. The aim of the article is to present a model of the circulation of Roman coins in the areas of legionary camps on the lower Danube.