In this paper, a novel Power-Frequency Droop Control (PFDC) is introduced to perfectly bring back the system frequency and share the reactive power in isolated microgrid with virtual power plant (VPP). The frequency-based power delivery must be essentially implemented in VPP which can operate as a conventional synchronous generator. It has been attained by enhancing the power processing unit of each VPP to operate as an active generator. The inverter coupling impedance which has been assigned by the virtual impedance technique has reduced the affected power coupling resulting from line resistance. The reference has been subsequently adjusted to compensate the frequency deviation caused by load variation and retrieve the VPP frequency to its nominal value. In addition, the line voltage drop has compensated the voltage drop and load sharing error to obliterate the reactive power sharing imprecision resulting from the voltage deviation. The voltage feedback confirms the correct voltage after compensating the voltage drop. As an illustration, conventional PFDC after a load change cannot restore the system frequency which is deviated from 50 Hz and rested in 49.9 Hz while, proposed PFDC strategy fades away the frequency deviation via compensating the variation of the frequency reference. Likewise, the frequency restoration factor ( γ) has an effective role in retrieving the system frequency, i.e., the restoration rate of the system frequency is in proportion with γ. As a whole, the simulation results have pointed to the high performance of proposed strategy in an isolated microgrid.

This paper provides a method for simplified description of a regional power grid model aimed to deliver a grid reduction, and improve grid performance observability. The derived power grid model can be used to analyze the regional allocation of the decentralized energy generation and consumption. The expansion of wind and solar generation in the power system affects the residual load. The power balance between electricity consumption and generation was calculated and analyzed based on the temporal and spatial scales. The proposed grid clustering method is a useful approach for performance analysis in systems with a growing share of renewable generation.

The investigation of a decentralized radio network dedicated to unmanned aerial systems (UASs) was presented in the paper. Two frequencies (315 MHz; 434 MHz) and five different configurations of Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK) were taken into account. Three different algorithms for decentralized networks were investigated and their influence on the network capacity was measured. The research was done both for static and dynamically changed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) positions. In order to quantify the research three different parameters were determined: RSSI, nP (number of data packets in one second), and f (frequency of data update).

The fourth industrial revolution has broadly transformed the manufacturing system. However, this transformation is somewhat lacking in traditional or manual production systems due to the absence of IT infrastructure. Such traditional industries need to have the advantage of real-time control and monitoring. This study has developed economic assembly planning, scheduling, and control for a traditional assembly system. We used the concept of the configurable virtual workstation as the digitalization framework. Then, we employed the decentralized scheduling concept to reduce the computational effort in scheduling the complex product. The implementation result showed that scheduling and planning have transformed the traditional assembly process into intelligent scheduling and control with low digitalization effort

This article is devoted to an analytical review of the situation in the energy sector of Ukraine, taking into account constructive changes in the connection of the Ukrainian energy system to ENTSO-E and the destructive situation caused by industrial infrastructure failures and economic renewal. It focuses on Ukraine in the context of the principles of decentralization in the direction of significantly increasing the net cost of microgeneration, decarbonization and the transition to “green” energy. The national resource potential of energy-efficient and energy-saving technologies is systematized and the applied recommendations are provided to support state and local trends in energy sector development, namely energy storage projects, distributed generation and microgeneration based on Net Energy Metering to support small projects that solve energy problems. Included are institutional proposals for the establishment of the Agency for Decarbonization in Ukraine for the “green” transition, with broad powers of communication and the ability to make decisions on reducing carbon emissions in all areas. The possibility and expediency of using the concept of innovation is considered both from the global point of view of Ukrainian industry (with the potential prospect of using Ukraine’s industrial and logistics infrastructure as a mega-industrial park for the EU) and in the local sense of national energy, including improvements to the EU’s energy balance. It has been proven that the use of the nearshoring mechanism in Ukrainian industry in general, and in the energy sector in particular, can improve Europe’s energy balance, which has deteriorated over the past five years. Thus, the negative trend of the EU energy balance in thousands of tons of oil equivalent and in percentage terms was demonstrated. To improve the situation, the forecast of energy prices for individual EU countries was calculated taking into account Ukraine’s integration into the European energy system. The analysis and calculations revealed a potentially possible level of price reductions in some EU countries up to 20%. Recommendations are for improving energy-management efficiency at the regional level in particular, ensuring transparency in the development of renewable energy sources, using significant national potential of biofuels and increasing natural gas production, developing a business model of gas distribution center in Western Ukraine, which will be part of national gas distribution system and the European energy market.

The aim of the article is to consider current global and European trends in ensuring a sufficient level of energy efficiency, to provide an analysis of the institutional environment for energy security, and the development and justification of a conceptual and analytical model of energy generation and consumption at the regional level in decentralization reform in Ukraine. The current trends of world energy consumption are illustrated, the forecast of renewable energy development is built and an analysis of energy efficiency of the national economy is performed. The article presents a study of the formation of an integrated municipal energy-management system of Ukrainian communities and municipalities depending on their urbanization and offers the use of conceptual analytical model of generation-consumption. A number of normative and organizational-institutional proposals on the standardization of energy-efficiency improvement processes are provided. Analysis of the energy efficiency of communities can be modeled at the conceptual level with the study using an analytical model: a) energy-efficiency factors of this model, financial instruments for its effective functioning as a mechanism of interest budget revenues and specialized funds functional dependence of the target function of the energy generation-consumption model, taking into account the generation methods and the main consumers at the appropriate levels; b) the risks and shortcomings of this process, which propose a number of regulatory and institutional changes to improve the effectiveness of effective energy efficiency policies of communities and energy security of the state on the basis of energy cooperation and organization of the biofuel exchange. The model of organization and functioning of the cooperative for generation and consumption of solar energy, which is based on the regulatory framework, is represented as a model structural and functional solution. This allowed the development of scientific and applied recommendations for improving the legal provisions, which would allow the community to become an effective player in the wholesale energy market, selling it at a “green” tariff.

Disturbance rejection performance optimization with constraints on robustness for a multivariable process is commonly encountered in industrial control applications. This paper presents the tuning of a multi-loop Proportional Integral (PI) controller method to enhance the performance of load disturbance rejection using evolutionary optimization. The proposed design methodology is formulated to minimize the load disturbance rejection response and the input control energy under the constraints of robust stability. The minimum singular value of multiplicative uncertainty is considered a multi-loop system robust stability indicator. Optimization is performed to achieve the same, or higher level than the most-explored Direct Synthesis (DS) based multi-loop PI controller, which is derived from a conventional criterion. Simulation analysis clearly proved that the proposed multi-loop PI controller tuning method gives better disturbance rejection, and either, the same or a higher level of robust stability when compared to the DS-based multi-loop PI controller.