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Abstract

Sugar beet is a major sugar yielding crop in the states of Minnesota (MN) and North Dakota (USA). Sugar beet root samples collected from Moorhead, MN in September 2020 had typical rot symptoms along with whitish mycelia growth and blackish sclerotia on the external surface of the root. Pure, sterile cultures were obtained from infected roots. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was identified based on morphological features and further confirmed molecularly by sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) region and matching homology with reported ITS of the fungus. Pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum was confirmed through mycelial inoculation of seeds and roots under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Inoculated seeds showed a range of symptoms that included pre- and post-emergence damping off, wilting, black discoloration of roots, constricted collar regions and stunted seedling growth. Under laboratory conditions, roots were artificially wounded using a cork borer and inoculated by mycelial plug. This resulted in noticeable root decay and growth of whitish, cottony mycelia and sclerotia externally. Transverse sections of the diseased root showed brown to black discoloration and rotting of internal tissue. Root inoculation of 4-week old sugar beet plants was achieved by depositing pathogen colonized barley grains near roots in the greenhouse, resulting in brown to black lesions and necrosis of root tissue when evaluated at 28 days post inoculation. The S. sclerotiorum was re-isolated from inoculated roots showing infection and identical pure isolates of the pathogen were recovered from field samples. These findings could be useful for sugar beet growers in Minnesota, allowing better management of this pathogen under field and storage conditions before its widespread future occurrence.
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Authors and Affiliations

Md. Ziaur Rahman Bhuiyan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dilip K. Lakshman
2
ORCID: ORCID
Luis E. Del Rio Mendoza
1
ORCID: ORCID
Presley Mosher
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed F.R. Khan
1 4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
  2. Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
  3. Plant Diagnostic Lab, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
  4. Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Fargo, USA
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Abstract

During 2016–2020, a longitudinal bark canker was observed on walnut branches in some of the provinces of Iran. The symptoms appeared on one side of the branches. No visible symptoms were observed on the sapwood after removal of the bark using a blade. In order to detect a potential agent of these symptoms on walnut trees, collected samples were transferred to the laboratory for further investigation. After isolation and purification based on standard methods, a fungus was frequently isolated from symptomatic tissues. Morphological and molecular assays indicated that the responsible agent of this disease was Alternaria malorum, moreover, a pathogenicity test confirmed that A. malorum was pathogenic on walnut trees. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to identify A. malorum as a new causative agent of bark canker on walnut trees in the world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shima Bagherabadi
1
Doustmorad Zafari
1

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

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