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Losing the Ground Beneath Your Feet

Adam Karol Chaszczewicz
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 20-23 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146570
Keywords geohazards landslides
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Abstract

Any insufficiently understood dynamic geological process can be potentially dangerous.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Karol Chaszczewicz
1
  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PGI-NRI) in Warsaw

Protection of a building against landslide. A case study and FEM simulations

A. Urbański M. Grodecki
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2019 | 67 | No. 3 | 657-664 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2019.128545
Keywords landslide numerical analysis structural measures of landslide protection
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Abstract

The main objective of this work was to present a successful stabilization action of a building structure in an active landslide. Firstly, history of the case and a FEM simulation explaining ensuing situation are presented. Then different structural measures to stabilize the whole system are discussed. The structural solution of the problem (pile system reaching solid rocky zone) is presented in more detailed way. The estimation of forces acting on the structure, caused by an unstable soil mass, being crucial for the design of stabilizing structure is described.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Urbański
M. Grodecki

Geophysical investigation and the use of their results in the evaluation of the stability of slopes of artificial water reservoirs in the flysch Carpathians

Zbigniew Bestyński Edmund Sieinski Piotr Śliwiński
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 71-85 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141874
Keywords geophysics hydroengineering landslides
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Abstract

The article presents the possibility of using geophysical surveys to assess the stability of Carpathian slopes built of flysch deposits susceptible to mass movements. Landslide slopes located in the coastal zone of artificial water reservoirs are particularly susceptible to the loss of stability due to the erosion of this zone and the changing water level in the reservoir. Geophysical surveys of landslides carried out as a part of the research programs: PR-7 carried out by IMGW in 1972–1980 and SOPO carried out by PGI in 2009–2016 made it possible to develop a methodology of geophysical surveys enabling the determination of the geometry (course of the slip surface and range levels) of the existing landslides, information necessary to carry out a computational analysis of their stability. Examples of geometry of landslides in the coastal zone of the Czorsztyn reservoir and landslides in the area of hydrotechnical drifts of the Swinna-Poreba dam were presented. The possibility of a quantitative evaluation of the stability of the Carpathian slopes was also proposed on the basis of the SMR ( Slope Mass Rating) proposed by M. Romana, using the KFG ( Klasyfikacja Fliszu-Geofizyczna) geophysical classification equivalent to the RMR ( Rock Mass Rating) classification by Z.T. Bieniawski for the assessment of the massif. A dozen or so active landslides were compiled for which the stability was determined using the SMR method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Bestyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edmund Sieinski
1
Piotr Śliwiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Warszawie

Analysis of Slope at the Static Load Increase

Eduard Petrenko Gharakhanlou Mahdi
Teka Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture | 2016 | vol. 16 | No 4
Keywords slope soil landslide-prone areas finite element method retaining wall
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Abstract

Based on the example of the pilot area in Kiev the influence of the increased static load on the superstructure of the stress-strain state of the slope was studied. The efficiency of the proposed methodology when considering the work of "home-slope-retaining structure" depending on natural and anthropogenic factors was demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eduard Petrenko
Gharakhanlou Mahdi

The landslide in the slope and side of the Warta River valley in the village of Wronki – process analysis, exploratory research, preventive measures, monitoring

Michalina Flieger-Szymanska Jerzy Sobkowiak Katarzyna Machowiak Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 285-300 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.146081
Keywords anthropopressure clays of the Poznan series landslide monitoring prevention
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Abstract

The landslide is located in Wronki. It covers the southern side on the bank of the Warta River and occupy an area of 500 m in length. The landslide was once again activated on August 22-23, 2018, causing numerous failures. The Warta River slope in the area of mass movements is built by non-construction embankments, under which the Poznan Miocene–Pliocene of quasi-layered structure lie. There are horizontal interlayers of sandy silts in these clays. The Warta drains water from a large area, and the runoff takes place mainly on the roof of clays. The slide surface of the landslide was precisely the roof of the Poznan clays. Bearing in mind the properties of the Poznan clays, such as relaxation, block disintegration, expansiveness features, the following were considered the direct causes of the failure: heavy rainfall that occurred after a drought, loading of the slope with indiscriminate cubature buildings, construction of a linear sewage system and periodically repeated vibrations caused by the implementation of neighboring investments. In order to identify the area, test boreholes were made, samples were taken for laboratory tests, and geodetic measurements were taken. Based on the obtained results, slope stability calculations were made and a measurement network was developed for systematic monitoring of geodetic displacements of control points. It was recommended to perform drainage to drain the slope and side of the Warta River, plant bushes, and make changes to the land development plan in order to prohibit further development of the area in the endangered zone.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michalina Flieger-Szymanska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Sobkowiak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Machowiak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Civil Engineering, Poznan, Poland
  2. Geomenos Jerzy Sobkowiak, Tomasz Sobkowiak Sp. j., Poznan, Poland; retired employee of Poznan University of Technology

A Conceptual Sector-Scale Numerical Modeling of a Landslide in an Open Pit Mine

Tümay Kadakci Koca
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 275-287 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2022.141458
Keywords open pit mine landslide finite element groundwater seepage analysis pumping rate
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Abstract

In this study, an old rotational landslide that has reactivated in the NW sector of an open-pit mine operated within the gneiss rock unit was evaluated for geological and hydrogeological properties. The pit slopes were susceptible to mass movement when there were variations in water inflows. Considering this fact, a conceptual numerical model concerning geostructural features, rainfall infiltration, and varying hydrological conditions was constructed. Initially, finite element (FE) groundwater seepage analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of water flow on stability in the dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season was simulated by vertical infiltration. Since the dewatering measures are of importance in open pit slope instability mitigation, pumping wells were designed to control water flow through the disturbed zone to improve the stability of the sector that can be triggered again with changing environmental conditions. The performance and organization of the pumping wells were also simulated in the FE model. This FE model was part of a dewatering plan. From this, the effect of the pumping rate from the wells on the stability of the sector was revealed. It was also found that there should be an increase in the pumping rate in the rainy season.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tümay Kadakci Koca
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey

Landslide Survey at Cam Mountain (An Giang, Vietnam) by Seismic Refraction and GPR Methods

Giang Van Nguyen Dung Quang Nguyen Thanh Ngoc Le
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 603-620 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148152
Keywords landslides rock-falls seismic refraction GPR Cam Mountains Vietnam
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Abstract

Cam Mountain in An Giang Province, Vietnam, is a granite peak that is severely fractured and eroded on its slopes and summit. Trees cover the top of the mountain and around the side of the mountain. The roads are the primary means of transportation for indigenous people and tourists daily. Recently, there has been a phenomenon of large-sized boulders rolling down from the top of the mountain, causing an accident and killing tourists. To investigate the internal causes of landslides on a 2.3 km road stretch, geophysical profiles using GPR and seismic refraction methods were conducted to clarify the current status of geological structures beneath the road surface. The refractive seismic data analysis revealed four distinct layers based on elastic wave propagation velocity. Velocity values range from 1000 to 3000 m/s for the 2 upper layers corresponding to the weathered, broken, and highly fractured rock layers and in the lower 2 layers from 3000 to more than 4500 m/s, respectively corresponding to less fractured rock on the depth of more than 50 m. According to GPR data, the structural cross-section to an average depth of 30 m is a more complex picture. Detected 6 layers with different degrees of fracture cracking and showing different structural zones. In a few places are the drainage creeks from the mountain. These places need to be monitored regularly to have a basis for predicting landslides and rockfalls in the area of Cam Mountain. Landslides occur in geological rocks which are of different ages: claystone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, or marlstone. The rock-falls occur in more compact rocks: metamorphic or igneous rocks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Giang Van Nguyen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dung Quang Nguyen
2
ORCID: ORCID
Thanh Ngoc Le
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. BinhDuong University,Vietnam
  2. Institute of Geography and Resource in HCM city, VAST, Vietnam

Piles system securing road against landslide. 2D/3D method of numerical modeling and design problems

A. Urbański M. Grodecki
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2020 | 68 | No. 6 | 1433-1442 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.135378
Keywords landslide numerical analysis piles soil-structure interaction multi-scale analysis
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Abstract

The main objective of this work is to present an innovative method of numerical modeling of anchored piles system acting as a road protection against landslide, called the “2D/3D method”. Firstly, short description of the problem and “state of the art” review are included. An effective methodology of the design supported by the numerical analysis, solving the problem of interaction of a periodic system of piles and the unstable soil mass is presented, for which some detailed information about proposed numerical approach is given. The key idea of 2D/3D method is to join the pile with the 2D plane strain continuum by fictitious connectors of Winkler type with P-Y properties identified during the analysis of a subsidiary 3D problem. Practical example of usage of proposed approach to a real case of a road endangered by a landslide then protected by the piles system is presented. On the base of this example, a discussion about important design issues like internal forces in piles (mainly bending moments) and anchors (tensile forces) or overall stability of the soil-structure system is done.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Urbański
M. Grodecki

Landslide triggered by small excavation – numerical simulations

Michał Grodecki
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 293-301 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.147660
Keywords landslide Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical modeling stability
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Abstract

The main objective of this work is to present the results of numerical simulations of the landslide triggered by small excavation. In south-eastern Poland in 2019, during excavation for a gas pipeline (relatively small – maximal depth 2.7 m), a landslide was observed. Length of the landslide was about 80 m, width about 50 m, maximal depth 6.5 m. Excavation was partially buried. Observed cracks of the terrain surface were wide, up to 0.8 m. Stability of the landslide was analyzed using the proportional reduction of the soil strength parameters (c-fi reduction) algorithm with the use of ZSoil.PC Finite Element Method (FEM) system. Stability analysis of the slope before and after excavation was performed, together with analysis of the tendency of the landslide to propagate upwards. The obtained stability loss modes were compared with the results of the field observations and a good correlation was noticed. Hypothesis that a landslide was triggered by small excavation was proved (although reasonable margin of safety was obtained for state before excavation, stability factor SF = 1•60). Use of residual soil strength parameters (instead of peak ones) and activation of cut-off (no tension) condition are advised. Presented methodology is open and can be used in engineering practice.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Grodecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland

A study of control scheme of debris flows and geological disasters in the Shiwei river basin

Hanhui Wu
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 509-526 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2024.148925
Keywords Shiwei river debris flow landslide stability calculation control scheme
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Abstract

The basic characteristics of debris flows in the Shiwei river basin are summarized through the field investigation on debris flows in the Shiwei river basin and analysis on formation conditions of debris flows from three aspects, i.e. geological environment, geological structure and neotectonic movement, as well as seismic action. Based on this, the stability of landslide in the Shiwei river basin is analyzed and calculated, and the stability coefficient of landslide is obtained. The debris flows in the Shiwei river basin will directly damage and threaten the county town, while other geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, slope sliding & collapse and potentially unstable slopes will indirectly damage and threaten the county town. The landslide form is clear, and the landslide stability calculation shows that the landslide body is generally stable – basically stable, but partially unstable – less stable. The “blocking + discharging” comprehensive control scheme is proposed according to the formation conditions and development characteristics of debris flows in the Shiwei river basin, and the study findings can be used as a reference for similar projects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanhui Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, 400020 Chongqing, China

An integrated approach for landslide hazard assessment: A case study of the Middle Dnieper Basin, Ukraine

Olena Ivanik Joana Fonseca Oleksandr Shabatura Ruslan Khomenko Kateryna Hadiatska Dmytro Kravchenko
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 81-86 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139947
Keywords Dnieper River basin Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Infrared Thermography (IRT) landslide hazards
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Abstract

Ukraine is characterised by active natural hazards processes within different structural, tectonic and landscape zones. In Middle Dnieper basin region mass movement processes have great impact on people’s livelihoods and infrastructure. These processes occur on the slopes with different geological structure. The determining causes include lithologic and stratigraphic conditions, hydrogeological regime, structural and textural peculiarities of rocks and the geomorphology of the slopes. Landslide inventory database has been developed based on long-term observations of more than 400 landslides and landslide-prone areas. This paper takes efforts forward by combining different geological and geophysical methods to advance the current understanding of landslide phenomena and contributing towards a better informed assessment of landslide hazard and risk. The developed methodology is implemented in a test sites of Kyiv region, covering an area of 18.3 km2 situated in the Middle Dnieper basin. Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Self-Potential and Infrared Thermography techniques were employed to investigate the lithostratigraphic sequences, the geometry of landslide body and potential mass movement. The results presented here confirm the potential of using an integrated approach that combines different field data to better plan mitigation activities and measures for the effective land management. This study will be useful in increasing the safety aspects of the infrastructures and lives and also for planning of research and developmental activities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Olena Ivanik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joana Fonseca
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Shabatura
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ruslan Khomenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kateryna Hadiatska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dmytro Kravchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Geology, 60, Volodymyrska str., Kyiv, 03001, Ukraine
  2. City, University of London, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, London, United Kingdom

A study of landslide body control of black bovine cave copper ore mining and beneficiation project

Hanhui Wu
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 291-309 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145268
Keywords black bovine cave copper ore landslide body stability analysis control scheme
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Abstract

Landslide is a common geological disaster which causes huge losses to people’s properties and national economic development. How to prevent and control landslides has become an important issue. This article introduces the geological and geographical environment of the landslide body, analyzes the basic characteristics of the landslide, calculates the landslide stability based on the ultimate equilibrium theory-based transfer coefficient method, discusses the development trend of the landslide and comes up with corresponding control schemes by taking the landslide body of Black Bovine Cave Copper Ore Mining & Beneficiation Project as example. It is found that the control scheme – “anti-slide pile + retraining wall + baffle + anchor cable” can be used to effectively prevent and control the geological disaster according to calculation. The study results can provide a reference for landslide body control.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanhui Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, 400020 Chongqing, China

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