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Significance of a New Preliminary Treatment Method of the Pen206_18 Borehole Penetrometer’s Pressure Readouts for a Reliable Analysis of Rock Stress-Strain Parameters

Rafał Pierszalik
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 159-178 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2022.140708
Keywords rock stress strain analysis penetrometer jack
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Abstract

This article describes some selected aspects of a preliminary treatment of measurement cycle results obtained by a new Pen206_18 type hydraulic borehole penetrometer (a borehole jack type), a tool of an in situ determining of mechanical properties of rocks. The pre-treatment of the measurement cycle results is a necessary step to prepare the data for a following appropriate analysis of stress-strain parameters of rocks. Aforementioned aspects are focused mainly on a pre-treatment of hydraulic pressure readouts.
The Pen206_18 type penetrometer is a modified version of a standard Pen206 type penetrometer. The standard version, based on a digital measurement of a critical hydraulic pressure, has been in use in polish hard coal mines for almost 15 years to determine various rock strength parameters. In contrary, the Pen206_18 type penetrometer now provides simultaneous recording of two main measurement cycle parameters (hydraulic pressure and a head pin stroke) during the whole measurement cycle duration. A recent modification of the penetrometer has given an opportunity to look closer at various factors having an influence on the measurement cycle data readouts and, as a consequence, to lay a foundation for a development a new penetrometric method of determining stress-strain parameters of rocks.
In this article it was shown that just before a main stage of the measurement cycle, a transitional stage could occur. It complicates a determination of the beginning of an useful set of measurement cycle data. This problem is widely known also in other static in situ methods of determining stress-strain parameters. Unfortunately, none of various known workouts of this problem were sufficiently adequate to the pre-treatment of the penetrometric measurement cycle results. Hence, a new method of determining the beginning of the useful set of pressure readouts has been developed. The proposed method takes into account an influence of an operational characteristics of the measuring device. This method is an essential part of a new pre-treatment procedure of the Pen206_18 measurement cycle’s pressure readouts.
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Bibliography

[1] A . Kidybiński, J. Gwiazda, Z. Hładysz, Ocena mechanicznych własności skał oraz stateczności górotworu hydraulicznym penetrometrem otworowym. Prace Głównego Instytutu Górnictwa, Seria Dodatkowa. Katowice (1976).
[2] R.E. Goodman, T.K. Van, F.E. Heuze, Measurement of Rock Deformability in Boreholes. In: Proceedings of the 10th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 523-555 (1970).
[3] AS TM D4971-02, Standard Test Method for Determining the In situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Using the Diametrically Loaded 76-mm (3-in.) Borehole Jack. AS TM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2002). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1520/D4971-16
[4] R. Pierszalik, S. Rajwa, A. Walentek, K. Bier, 2020. A Pen206 borehole jack suitability assessment for rock mass deformability determination. Arch. Min. Sci. 65 (3), 639-660 (2020). DOI : https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2020.134135
[5] P.H.V. Nguyen, M. Rotkegel, H.D. Van, Analysis of Behaviour of the Steel Arch Support in the Geological and Mining Conditions of the Cam Pha Coal Basin, Vietnam. Arch. Min. Sci. 65 (3), 551-567 (2020). DOI : https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2020.134134
[6] A . Walentek, T. Janoszek, S. Prusek, A. Wrana, Influence of longwall gateroad convergence on the process of mine ventilation network-model tests. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 29, 585-590 (2019). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2019.06.013
[7] I RB Ogrodzieniec. Penetrometr otworowy typu Pen206. Dokumentacja techniczno-ruchowa + Załącznik A – pulpit Pen206E (2008).
[8] A . Nierobisz, Oznaczanie własności mechanicznych skał za pomocą hydraulicznego penetrometru otworowego nowej generacji. Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria 34 (2), 491-500 (2010).
[9] A . Nierobisz, J. Gawryś, K. Bier, Analiza konstrukcji hydraulicznego penetrometru otworowego i jego modernizacja dla zwiększenia zakresu pomiarowego. Przegląd Górniczy 72 (6), 1-15 (2016).
[10] F .E. Heuze, Estimating the Deformability and Strength of Rock Masses – In-Situ Tests, and Related Procedures. In: STRATCOM Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD), Albuquerque (2003). DOI : https://doi.org/10.2172/15005085
[11] M. Rezaei, M. Ghafoori, R. Ajalloeian, Comparison between the In situ Tests’ Data and Empirical Equations for Estimation of Deformation Modulus of Rock Mass. Geosciences Research 1 (1), 47-59 (2016). DOI : https://doi.org/10.22606/gr.2016.11005
[12] A . Palmström, R. Singh, The deformation modulus of rock masses – comparisons between in situ tests and indirect estimates. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 16 (3), 115-131 (2001). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00038-4
[13] M. Bukowska, A. Kidybiński, Wpływ czynników naturalnych masywu skalnego na jego wytrzymałość określaną metodami penetrometryczną i laboratoryjną. Prace Naukowe Głównego Instytutu Górnictwa, Research reports mining and environment 1, 35-46 (2002).
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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Pierszalik
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Central Mining Institute (GIG ), 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland

Validation of the cone penetrometer suitability for determining the state of soil

M. Maślakowski K. Brzeziński A. Zbiciak K. Józefiak
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2018 | Vol. 64 | No 4/I | 265-280
Keywords dynamic cone penetrometer CPT static cone penetrometer in-situ methods state of soil, correlation
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Abstract

The article presents an assessment of the suitability of the cone penetrometer to determine the soil state. The work describes the principle of the device operation, which is similar to commonly used dynamic DPL probes. Then, the results of research conducted in Polish conditions using the new conical penetrometer were presented. A series of measurements were performed in real field conditions. On their basis, an attempt was made to correlate the results obtained with a conical penetrometer and a static probe CPT. Then, the obtained correlations were validated. On this basis preliminary evaluation of the conical penetrometer suitability for the soil state determining.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Maślakowski
K. Brzeziński
A. Zbiciak
K. Józefiak

The effect of methodology on determining the liquid limits values of selected organic soils

Grzegorz Straż
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 459-477 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140180
Keywords casagrande cup cone penetrometer laser diffractometer liquid limit organic soils plasticity chart
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Abstract

This paper discusses the use of the Casagrande Cup and Cone Penetrometer Methods for determining the liquid limit of selected organic soils in in the south-eastern region of Poland in laboratory conditions in accordance with the latest standard guidelines. 10 methods established on the basis of literature materials were used to interpret the test results: 4 for test in the Casagrande Cup and 6 for the Cone Penetrometer. The results were compared and used to determine the parameters necessary to assessment of consistency of all type of soils, e.g.: plasticity index ���� (%), consistency index ���� (–) or liquidity index ���� (–). The knowledge of these parameters makes it possible to determine the degree of plasticity of the tested soils using the Cassagrande chart. The conducted research and analyses have shown that the results of determining the liquid limit using the selected methods are not always comparable. The application of calculation methods based on the results of laboratory tests organic soils carried out in accordance with the procedures of the one standard (PN-B-04481: 1988), in the case of interpretation with Method No. 5 and Method No. 7, generated results with the widest range and the highest values in relation to the reference values (Method No. 1). In terms of the suitability of a given method, the type of tested soil, extremely complicated, diverse and heterogeneous structure turned out to be important, and most importantly, the content of organic parts, as evidenced by the results of consistency determination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Straż
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Civil Engineering, al. Powstanców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland

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