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Abstract

Nozzle type and herbicide application timing can affect herbicide efficacy. Prickly sida ( Sida spinosa) and barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli) are problematic weeds in eastern Mississippi cotton production and have reduced yield in recent years. Field studies were conducted at two locations – Brooksville, MS (2018, 2019) and Starkville, MS (2019) to understand the nozzle type and herbicide application timing effects on prickly sida and barnyardgrass control in cotton. Studies also compared applications made by an eight-nozzle tractor-mounted sprayer with a four-nozzle backpack sprayer. Herbicide applications were made at four timings: preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST), and late-postemergence (LPOST) corresponding to the preemergence (immediately after planting), two-to-three leaf, four-to-six leaf, and early-bloom stages, respectively. Treatments were made at 140 l · ha−1 applied at each growth stage, with nozzle type and sprayer as variables by each timing. Results showed no differences in treatments applied with backpack and tractor-mounted sprayers. Control of barnyardgrass was significantly affected by nozzle type, but control of prickly sida was not significantly influenced by nozzle type. In all three site-years, plots receiving a MPOST only herbicide application resulted in less weed control than areas receiving a two-pass POST herbicide program. Cotton yield was significantly affected by the herbicide program at one site-year, but was not significantly affected by the herbicide program except where cotton injury exceeded 15%. A two- or three-pass herbicide program was most effective in controlling prickly sida and barnyardgrass in Mississippi cotton.
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Authors and Affiliations

J. Connor Ferguson
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Justin S. Calhoun
3 2
Kayla L. Broster
2
Luke H. Merritt
4 2
Zachary R. Treadway
5 2
Michael T. Wesley Jr.
6 2
Nicholas Fleitz
7

  1. Weed Science and Technical Agronomy, Sesaco Corporation, Yukon, Oklahoma, United States
  2. Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
  3. Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Portageville, Missouri, United States
  4. Orr Agricultural Research & Demonstration Center, University of Illinois, Baylis, Illions, United States
  5. Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma, United States
  6. Agronomy, Bayer Crop Science, Jerseyville, Illions, United States
  7. Application Agronomist, Pentair-Hypro, New Brighton, Minnesota, United States

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