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Abstract

Over the two-year study (2008–2009) we monitored the influence of integrated and conventional

production systems on microbiological activity in soil and strawberry yield. The experiment also involved

fertilizers applied in three variants of treatment. The studied parameters were monitored over 2008 and 2009 by

determining the total number of soil microorganisms, the number of ammonifying bacteria and the strawberry

yield. The results of the study suggest the pronounced inhibitory effect of insecticides on number of studied

microorganism groups in all three conventionally treated variants, over the both years of study, which further

infers negligible stimulative influence of strawberry plants on yield.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Pešaković
S. Milenković
D. Dragutin
L. Mandić
I.S. Glišić
J. Luković
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Abstract

Strawberry plants showing symptoms of leaf spots and petiole lesions were collected from El Qalubya governorate, which is one of the most famous areas that extensively grows strawberry in Egypt. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize the causal pathogen of the disease. The isolated pathogen was identified as Paramyrothecium roridum (formerly known as Myrothecium roridum) based on its morphological characteristics and sequencing the partial rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A pathogenicity test using detached leaf assay revealed that P. roridum is a potential pathogen of strawberry. Symptoms started as small necrotic areas which expanded rapidly to macerate whole leaflets and petioles. In advanced stages of infection, dark olive green sporodochia were clearly distinguished on the infected tissues. Six strawberry cultivars showed different levels of susceptibility to P. roridum. Florida was the most resistant cultivar while Beauty, Camarosa, Fortuna and Sweet Charlie were susceptible. Festival showed a moderate level of susceptibility. An in vitro assay on the effect of the liquid culture filtrate of P. roridum on strawberry leaves showed that the filtrate caused damage to tissues and clear necrotic symptoms were developed. High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) analysis on the filtrate of 10 day old P. roridum culture revealed the presence of various mycotoxins. The two major toxins detected were 8-alpha-hydroxyroridin H and myrothecin A in addition to other trichothecenes. Data also revealed the capability of P. roridum to produce polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase (Cx) enzymes in liquid cultures. The activity of PG was found to be significantly correlated with the age of the growth culture. This is the first record of P. roridum on strawberry in Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maali Shaker Soliman
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Authors and Affiliations

Rana Samara
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tawfiq Qubbaj
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ian Scott
3
ORCID: ORCID
Tim Mcdowell
3

  1. Horticulture and Agricultural Extension, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine
  2. Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
  3. London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
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Abstract

Strawberry leaves showing leaf blight symptoms were collected from six different farms in Ismailia and Beheira Governorates in Egypt during the 2020–2021 growing season. Eight bacterial isolates, i.e., Pa1, Pa2, Pa3, Pa4 (Ismailia farms) and Pa5, Pa6, Pa7 and Pa8 (Beheira farms) were isolated. A pathogenicity test of bacterial isolates was carried out using detached strawberry leaf technique. All bacterial isolates produced leaf blight disease symptoms. Isolates Pa2 and Pa6 showed the highest pathogenic characteristics with clear symptoms on detached strawberry leaves. The phenotypic, biochemical and physiological characters of the highest pathogenic isolates were confirmed by PCR analysis using 16S rRNA gene. The two bacterial isolates were identified as Pantoea ananatis with similarity of 97.05% with accession number MH_127816.1 (isolate Pa2, Ismailia), while the isolate ( Pa6, Beheira) with similarity of 97.03% with accession number NR_026045.1. The 16S rDNA sequences were deposited in the GenBank nucleotide databases under accession numbers OM258167 and OM279507, respectively. According to the pathogenicity test, morphological and physiological characteristics as well as molecular data (16S rRNA sequencing analysis), this finding is the first report of P. ananatis as a causal agent of strawberry leaf blight disease in Egypt.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tarek Gomaa Abdel-Gaied
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maryan Makram Youssef
2
Shereen Abu El-Maaty
3
Maurice Sabry Mikhail
2

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  3. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

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