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Abstrakt

Industry 4.0 is expected to provide high quality and customized products at lower costs by increasing efficiency, and hence create a competitive advantage in the manufacturing industry. As the emergence of Industry 4.0 is deeply rooted in the past industrial revolutions, Advanced Manufacturing Technologies of Industry 3.0 are the precursors of the latest Industry 4.0 technologies. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of technological evolution of manufacturing industry based on the relationship between the usage levels of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and Industry 4.0 technologies. To this end, a survey was conducted with Turkish manufacturers to assess and compare their manufacturing technology usage levels. The survey data collected from 424 companies was analyzed by machine learning approach. The results of the study reveal that the implementation level of each Industry 4.0 technology is positively associated with the implementation levels of a set of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tuğba SARI

Abstrakt

Stanisław Lem is mostly known as a sci-fi writer and not widely perceived as a visionary of the cyber age, despite the fact that he foresaw the future of information technology better than most scientific experts. Indeed, his visions of future information- based societies have proved to be remarkably accurate. Lem’s stories fuse together elements of fantasy, philosophy, and science, but what we can really learn from them is the nature of humanity, technology, and philosophy, as well as the values of technological prophecies. Moreover, Lem gave birth to, without naming it as such, the concept of philosophy in technology, which is a perspective on technology and philosophy that explores the deep implicit philosophical foundations of technology and humanity.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Polak
1
Roman Krzanowski
1

  1. The Pontifical University of John Paul II, Cracow, Poland
Słowa kluczowe culture and technology

Abstrakt

Dr. Naomi Mandel from Israel, one of this year’s fellows of the Polish Institute of Advanced Studies (PIASt), studies how culture informs technology and, vice-versa, how technology informs culture.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Naomi Mandel

Abstrakt

Gasification technology is often seen as a synonym for the clean and efficient processing of solid fuels into combustible gas containing mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the two basic components of synthesis gas. First and foremost, the facts that gas may be cleaned and that a mixture with any composition may be prepared in a relatively easy and inexpensive manner influence the possibility of using gas produced in the energy and chemical industries. In the energy industry, gas may be used directly to generate heat and electricity in the systems of a steam power plant or in combined cycle systems. It is also possible to effectively separate CO2 from the system. However, in chemistry, synthesis gas may be used to produce hydrogen, methanol, synthetic gasolines, and other chemical products. The raw material for gasification is full-quality pulverized coal, but a possibility of processing low-quality sludges, combustible fractions separated from municipal waste as well as industrial waste also exists. Despite such a wide application of technology and undoubted advantages thereof, making investment decisions is still subject to high uncertainty. The paper presents the main technological applications of gasification and analyzes the economic effectiveness thereof. In this context, significant challanges for the industrial implementation of this technology are discussed
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marek Ściążko
Tomasz Chmielniak
Krzysztof Kwaśniewski
Leszek Stępień
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

One of the basic requirements of the paradigm of sustainable architecture is the use of materials and building systems characterized by low embodied energy. The aim of this paper is to examine the problem of rational design for lower embodied energy of building components and details. To raise the suitable competence of building professionals and stakeholders, the paper recommends some ways of approach to these issues. The reduction in the quantity of applied materials, so called dematerialization, the use of low energy materials for construction, reduced maintenance works, less frequent exchange of components and materials during the building operation, and their higher durability lead to better results in this regard. Some exemplary practical applications of such approach to design of contemporary buildings using the state-of-the art technologies, which strive to be in line with the requirements for sustainability, as well as some other being contradictory to them, have been covered in this paper.
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Bibliografia

[1] A. Stephan, A.Athanassiadis, “Quantifying and mapping embodied environmental requirements of urban building stocks”, Building and Environment, vol. 114, pp. 187–202, 2017.
[2] L. Oberfrancová, J. Legény, and R. Špacek, “Critical thinking in teaching sustainable architecture”, World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019.
[3] M. Hegger, M. Fuchs, T. Stark, M. Zeumer, “Energy manual”, Sustainable Architecture, Birkhauser, Basel, 2008.
[4] P.J. Davies, S. Emmitt, and S.K. Firth, “Delivering improved initial embodied energy efficiency during construction”, Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 14, pp. 267–279, 2015, DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2014.09.010.
[5] M.K. Dixit, “Life cycle recurrent embodied energy calculation of buildings: A review”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 209. pp. 731–754, 2019.
[6] M.K. Dixit, “Life cycle embodied energy analysis of residential buildings: A review of literature to investigate embodied energy parameters”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, pp. 390–413, 2017.
[7] S. El Khouli, V. John, and M. Zeumer, “Sustainable construction techniques. From structural design to interior fit-out: assessing and improving the environmental impact of buildings”, Edition Detail Green Books, Munich, Germany, 2015.
[8] A. Stephan, Ch.A. Jensen, and R.H. Crawford, “Improving the life cycle energy performance of apartment units through façade design”, Procedia Engineering, vol. 196, pp. 1003–1010, 2016.
[9] A. Rauf, “The effect of building and material service life on building life cycle embodied energy”, The University of Melbourne, pp. 140–148, 2017.
[10] A.M. Moncaster and J.Y. Song, “A comparative review of existing data and methodologies for calculating embodied energy and carbon of buildings”, International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development, vol. 3, no. 1, 2017.
[11] M.K. Dixit, “Embodied energy and cost of building materials: correlation analysis”, Building Research and Information, vol. 45, no. 5, 2017.
[12] R.M. Eufrasio, “The hidden energy of buildings and construction materials”, Zero Carbon Yorkshire BUILDINGS/ AECB, Yorkshire, 2019.
[13] International Energy Agency Evaluation of Embodied Energy and CO2eq for Building Construction (Annex 57), Subtask 2: A Literature Review, August 2016.
[14] R.H. Crawford and A. Stephan, “A comprehensive framework for assessing the life-cycle energy of building construction assemblies”, Architectural Science Review, vol. 53, p. 296, 2017.
[15] A. Stephan, “Towards a comprehensive energy assessment of residential buildings. A multi-scale life cycle energy analysis framework”, PhD. Thesis, Brussels School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 2013.
[16] L. Qarout, “Reducing the environmental impacts of building materials: Embodied energy analysis of a highperformance building”, PH.D. Thesis, University ofWisconsin Milwaukee, UWM Digital Commons, May 2017.
[17] R.H. Crawford et al., “Hybrid life cycle inventory methods – A review”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, pp. 1273–1288, 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.176.
[18] G.P. Hammond and C.I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Energy, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 87–98, 2008, DOI: 10.1680/ener.2008.161.2.87.
[19] T. Woolley, “Low impact building. housing using renewable materials”, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, 2013.
[20] Ch.J. Kibert, “Sustainable construction”, Green Building Design and Delivery, 4-th ed., John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2016.
[21] “ISO 15686-1:2011. Buildings and constructed assets – Service life planning – General principles and framework”, ISO, Geneva, 34.
[22] A. Rauf and R.H. Crawford, “Building service life and its effect on the life cycle embodied energy of buildings”, Energy, vol. 79, pp. 140–148, 2008.
[23] R.H. Crawford and A. Stephan, “The significance of embodied energy in certified passive houses”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering, vol. 7, no. 6, p. 201, 2013.
[24] A. Cotgrave and M. Riley, “Total sustainability in the built environment”, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2013.
[25] J.T. Lyle, “Regenerative design for sustainable development”, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1994.
[26] L. Swiatek, “Dematerializacja w architekturze: imperatyw projektowania zrównowazonego”, Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT, Szczecin, Poland, 2015.
[27] T. Herzog, R. Krippner, W. Lang, “Façade Construction Manual”, Birkhauser, Basel, 2004.
[28] M. McMullan, “Environmental Science in building”, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2012.
[29] L. Krajcsovics, H. Pifko, and S. Jurenka, “Building sustainability assessment method CESBA in Slovak conditions”, 15-th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2015, SGEM2015 Conference Proceedings, June 18–24, book 6, vol. 2, pp. 385–390, 2015, DOI: 10.5593/SGEM2015/B62/S27.050.
[30] E. Krídlová Burdová et al., “Evaluation of family houses in Slovakia using a building environmental assessment system”, Sustainability, vol. 12, p. 6524, 2020.
[31] A. Hossain, “Assessing the energy efficiency and embodied energy of insulating materials in the UK housing stock”, Cardiff University, UK, 2018, https://www.sustainableplaces.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/SP2018- Hossain-Mourshed_Assessing-the-energy-efficiency-embodied-energy-of-insulation-materials-in-the-UK-hous ing-stock.pdf (accessed on 12.01.2020).
[32] A. Stephan, R.H. Crawford, and K. de Myttenaere, “A comprehensive assessment of the life cycle energy demand of passive houses”, Applied Energy, vol. 112, pp. 23–34, 2020.
[33] E. Schild et al., “Bauschadensverhutung im wohnungsbau schwachstellen”, Bauverlag GmbH,Wiesbaden, Berlin, pp. 1980–1992, 1978.
[34] “BS EN 15978:2011 Sustainability of construction works. Assessment of environmental performance of buildings. Calculation method”, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, 2011.
[35] T.J.M. van der Voordt, in Niezabitowska E.D., “Research Methods and Techniques in Architecture”, Routledge, New York, 2018.
[36] E.D. Niezabitowska, “Research methods and techniques in architecture”, Routledge, New York, 2018.
[37] R. Foque, “Building knowledge in architecture”, UPA University Press, Antwerp, 2010.
[38] H.J. Holtzhausen, “Embodied energy and its impact on architectural decisions”, https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/fada/department%20of-architecture/Documents/Conference%20Paper.doc (accessed on 6.04.2020).
[39] J. Cremers, “Environmental impact of membrane and foil materials and structures – status quo and future outlook”, Technical Transactions. Architecture, vol. 7-A, 2014.
[40] L.A. Robinson, “Structural opportunities of ETFE (Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene)”, MIT, 2005.
[41] C. Monticelli, et al., “Environmental load of ETFE cushions and futureways for their self-sufficient performances”, in: Evolution and Trends in Design, Analysis and Construction of Shell and Spatial Structures, A. Domingo, C. Lazaro, Proceedings of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures. Symposium, Univer sidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, pp. 754–766, 2020.
[42] N. Lushnikova, “Approaches to teaching building materials and technologies for energy-efficient sustainable construction”, Budownictwo i Architektura vol. 15, no. 3, 2016, DOI: 10.24358/Bud-Arch_16_153_04.
[43] I. McCaig, “Conservation Basics”, Ashgate Publishing Ltd., English Heritage, London, 2013.
[44] F. Paolini, T. Ferrante, and T. Villani, “Maintenance Systems and Costs for Wooden Façades”, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327690084_MAINTENANCE_SYSTEMS_AND_COSTS_FOR_WOODEN_FACADES


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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Waclaw Celadyn
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Cracow, Poland

Abstrakt

Any apparatus that makes use of nuclear radiation is typically thought about in terms of posing significant hazards. But such devices as particle accelerators, detectors, and even nuclear reactors can also serve to improve our safety and security.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Spinalski
1

  1. National Centre for Nuclear Research in Świerk

Abstrakt

Prof. Hanna Bogucka, head of the Department of Wireless Communications at the Poznań University of Technology, discusses unnecessary inhibitions, the usefulness of microphones, and the links between people and technology.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hanna Bogucka

Abstrakt

Replacing silicon with diamond may significantly reduce energy losses in electronic devices, according to Dr. Michał Pomorski from the CEA-LIST Diamond Sensors Laboratory in France.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Michał Pomorski

Abstrakt

The ceaseless progress of nanotechnology, observed in the last years, causes that nanomaterials are more and more often applied in several

fields of industry, technique and medicine. E.g. silver nanoparticles are used in biomedicine for disinfection and polymer nanoparticles

allow insulin transportation in pharmacology. New generation materials containing nanoparticles are also used in the chemical industry

(their participation in the commercial market equals app. 53 %). Nanomaterials are used in electronics, among others for semiconductors

production (e.g. for producing nanoink Ag, which conducts electric current).

Nanomaterials, due to their special properties, are also used in the foundry industry in metallurgy (e.g. metal alloys with nanocrystalline

precipitates), as well as in investment casting and in moulding and core sand technologies. Nanoparticles and containing them composites

are applied in several technologies including foundry practice, automotive industry, medicine, dentistry etc. it is expected that their role

and market share will be successively growing.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Kmita
A. Roczniak

Abstrakt

This paper considers modern production technologies of solid biofuels from the point of view of compliance with labor protection and environmental safety measures. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that environmental safety, in our opinion, supported by the results of the analysis of literature sources and their research, covers almost all residential areas of the community. The purpose of this scientific research is to develop theoretical foundations and practical management solutions to ensure environmental safety when producing solid biofuels. Thematic works of domestic and foreign specialists form the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The following methods of scientific research were used as objective methods: logical analysis of knowledge, scientific generalization, deduction and analogies. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the application of established models and emergency situations as well as environmental safety in practice. An environmental safety system was developed that regulates the state in its natural conditions based on established production control models for solid biofuels. The article presents recommendations for students of higher educational institutions (technical areas) to study materials on labor protection and the environmental safety of our time.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Larysa E. Piskunova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr I. Yeremenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana O. Zubok
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hanna A. Serbeniuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zoia V. Korzh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

Abstrakt

W pierwszej części artykuły przedstawiono i opisano najczęściej stosowane procesy w barierze aktywnej technologii !'RB. Do procesów tych należą: reakcje redox, wytrącanie przez regulację pH, adsorpcja oraz biodegradacja. Procesy te przebiegają w zestawionych w tabeli materia/ach aktywnych. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono procedurę postępowania w ocenie możliwości zastosowania technologii PRB. Zasugerowano by w pierwszym etapie procedury przeprowadzać ocenę wstępną, która ogranicza zakres analizy do niezbędnych i najistotniejszych czynników. Przedstawiono warunki stosowania technologii PRB. które mogą być pomocne w podjęciu decyzji o akceptacji bądź rezygnacji z jej stosowania w początkowym etapie procedury. W artykule wstępnie oceniono możliwości zastosowania technologii PRB dla dwóch wybranych obszarów składowisk odpadów zlokalizowanych na terenie województwa śląskiego w Polsce. Po zaakceptowaniu w ich obszarze możliwości stosowania technologii, zaproponowano dla obu z nich odpowiedni material aktywny pozwalający na skuteczne oczyszczanie wód gruntowych.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tomasz Suponik
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Lutyński
ORCID: ORCID
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

To comprehensively investigate the diversity of a chamfer technology and a convex roll technology under the same soft reduction process (i.e., section size, reduction amount, casting speed and solid fraction), a three-dimensional mechanical model was developed to investigate the effect of the chamfer profile and roll surface profile on the deformation behavior, cracking risk, stress concentration and reduction force of as-cast bloom during the soft reduction process. It was found that a chamfer bloom and a convex roll can both avoid the thicker corner of the as-cast bloom solidified shell, and significantly reduce reduction force of the withdrawal and straightening units. The convex profile of roll limits lateral spread along bloom width direction, therefore it forms a greater deformation to the mushy zone of as-cast bloom along the casting direction, the tensile strain in the brittleness temperature range (BTR) can obviously increase to form internal cracks. The chamfer bloom is much more effective in compensating the solidification shrinkage of mushy zone. In addition, chamfer bloom has a significant decrease of tensile strain in the brittleness temperature range (BTR) areas, which is expected to greatly reduce the risk of internal cracks.
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Bibliografia

[1] H. Bhadeshia, Prog. Mater. Sci. 57, 304 (2012).
[2] Q . Dong, J. Zhang, B. Wang, X. Zhao, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 81, 238 (2016).
[3] K. Liu, Q. Sun, J. Zhang, C. Wang, Metall. Res. Technol. 113, 504 (2016).
[4] S. Luo, M. Zhu, C. Ji, Ironmak. Steelmak. 41, 233 (2014).
[5] N. Zong, H. Zhang, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, Ironmak. Steelmak. 46, 872 (2019).
[6] S. Ogibayashi, M. Uchimura, K. Isobe, H. Maede, Y. Nishihara, S. Sato, Proc. of 6th Int. Iron and Steel Cong, ISIJ, Tokyo, 271 (1990).
[7] H.M. Chang, S.O. Kyung, D.L. Joo, J.L. Sung, L. Youngseog, ISIJ Int. 52, 1266 (2012).
[8] J. Zhao, L. Liu, W. Wang, H. Lu, Ironmak. Steelmak. 46, 227 (2017).
[9] N. Zong, H. Zhang, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, Metall. Res. Technol. 116, 310 (2019).
[10] N. Zong, H. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Lu, Metall. Res. Technol. 116, 608 (2019).
[11] C. Li, B. Thomas, Metall. Mater. Trans. B. 35B, 1151 (2004). [12] B. Li, H. Ding, Z. Tang, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 19, 21 (2012).
[13] K.O. Lee, S.K. Hong, Y.K. Kang, Int. J. Automot. Technol. 10, 697 (2009).
[14] K. Demons, G.C. Lorraine, S.A. Taylor, Mater. Eng. Perform. 16, 592 (2007).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Nanfu Zong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Jing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yang Liu
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Tsinghua University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
  2. Jiangsu Changqiang Iron and Steel Corp., Ltd., Jiangsu 214500, China

Abstrakt

The paper presents results of a simulation of the plasmon effect achieved between a thin precious metal layer and a biconical optical fibre taper, manufactured on a standard single mode fibre. Gold, silver and titanium were used as a metal which fulfilled a cladding function for a small diameter structure. For simulation Mode Solution software was used on which modal and frequency analyses of a wavelength were provided in the range of 800–1700 nm. A displacement of a plasmon pick in dependence of thickness of a deposited precious layer for the highest plasmon effects was observed.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

K.A. Stasiewicz
J.E. Moś

Abstrakt

Abstract Industry 4.0 (I4) as a concept offers powerful opportunities for many businesses. The set of Industry 4.0 technologies is still discussed, and boundaries are not perfectly clear. However, implementation of Industry 4.0 concept becomes strategic principle, and necessary condition for succeeding on turbulent markets. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was used before I4 emerged. However, it should be treated as its important part and even enabler. The question arises how adoption of RFID was impacted by I4 paradigm. Therefore, to answer this question a set of technology management tools was selected and applied to forecast RFID potential development in forthcoming years. Moreover, case studies were conducted for technology management tools and their applications for RFID for qualitative discussion of its relevance. It aimed to prove that existing toolset should be applied for modern technologies related to I4. Tools were proven to be necessary and successful. However, some specific challenges were observed and discussed.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bartlomiej Gladysz
1
Donatella Corti
2
Elias Montini
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Production Systems Organization, Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Applied Science and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Department of Innovative Technologies

Abstrakt

The nanocomposites based on water glass matrix were attempted in the study. Nanoparticles of ZnO, Al2O3 or MgO in organic solutions

were applied into water glass matrix in the amounts of: 1.5; 3; 4 or 5 mas. %. Wettability of the quartz sad by the nanocomposites based on

water glass matrix was determined by testing changes of the wetting angle θ in time τ for the system: quartz – binder in non-stationary

state, by means of the device for measuring wetting angles. Wettability measurements were carried out under isothermal conditions at an

ambient temperature (20 – 25 oC). The modification improves wettability of quartz matrix by water glass, which is effective in improving

strength properties of hardened moulding sands. Out of the considered modifiers in colloidal solution of propyl alcohol water glass

modified by MgO nanoparticles indicated the smallest values of the equilibrium wetting angle θr. This value was equal app. 11 degrees and

was smaller no less than 40 degrees than θr value determined for not modified water glass. Viscosity η of nanocomposites based on water

glass matrix was determined from the flow curve, it means from the empirically determined dependence of the shearing stress τ on shear

rate γ: τ = f (γ) (1), by means of the rotational rheometer. Measurements were carried out at a constant temperature of 20 oC. The

modification influences the binder viscosity. This influence is conditioned by: amount of the introduced modifier as well as dimensions and

kinds of nanoparticles and organic solvents. The viscosity increase of the modified binder does not negatively influence its functional

properties.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Kmita
A. Roczniak

Abstrakt

The paper presents results of preliminary examinations on possibility of determining binder content in traditional moulding sands with the microwave method. The presented measurements were carried-out using a special stand, the so-called slot line. Binder content in thesandmix was determined by measurements of absorption damping Ad and insertion losses IL of electromagnetic wave. One of main advantages of the suggested new method of binder content measurement is short measuring time.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

D. Nowak

Abstrakt

Modelowanie komputerowe odgrywa istotną rolę we współczesnej nauce. Epistemologiczna rola, jaką odgrywają takie modele oraz prowadzone na ich bazie symulacje skłaniają do postawienia pytań o możliwe użycie podobnych metod w filozofii. Pomysły wykorzystania narzędzi matematycznych do sformułowania koncepcji filozoficznych sięgają czasów Barucha Spinozy i Isaaca Newtona. Newtonowska filozofia przyrody stała się przykładem udanego zastosowania matematycznych rozważań do opisu przyrody na poziomie fundamentalnym. Oczywiście podejście Newtona otworzyło zarówno nowe obszary badań w fizyce, jak i stało się źródłem dla nowych rozważań o rzeczywistości fizycznej. Według Michała Hellera niektóre teorie fizyczne można traktować jako specyficzne formalizacje koncepcji filozoficznych. Modelowanie komputerowe w filozofii może być traktowane jako rozszerzenie tej idei, co będę starał się ukazać w niniejszym artykule. Będę również rozważał rolę modelowania komputerowego jako źródła nowych metafor filozoficznych zgodnie z koncepcją technologii definiującej D. J. Boltera. Rozważania te wiodą do konkluzji mówiącej, że w metodologii filozofii zachodzą istotne zmiany. Nowe podejście nie sugeruje odrzucenia bądź zanegowania dotychczasowych metod, a wskazuje raczej nowe narzędzie analityczne filozofii i źródło inspirujących metafor.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Polak

Abstrakt

Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia ocenę efektywności ekonomicznej hipotetycznej instalacji zgazowania odpadów komunalnych i przemysłowych do produkcji gazu procesowego wykorzystywanego w dalszej kolejności do produkcji energii bądź produktów chemicznych. W pierwszej części pracy przedstawiono przykładowy układ technologiczny energochemicznego przetwarzania mułu węglowego i odpadów komunalnych, bazujący na procesie zgazowania z wykorzystaniem reaktora fluidalnego. Hipotetyczna instalacja składa się z dwóch głównych bloków: przygotowania paliwa oraz zgazowania. W bloku przygotowania paliwa realizowane są operacje przyjęcia surowców, ich magazynowania (składowania), a następnie podjęcia, mielenia, mieszania, suszenia oraz transportu paliwa do bloku zgazowania. W bloku zgazowania realizowane są operacje zgazowania paliwa, produkcji tlenu, chłodzenia i oczyszczania surowego gazu procesowego oraz obróbki popiołu. W dalszej części szczegółowo opisano kluczowe założenia dotyczące prowadzonego procesu zgazowania, a także oszacowano nakłady inwestycyjne oraz koszty operacyjne związane z prowadzeniem procesu. W konsekwencji bazując na metodzie zdyskontowanych przepływów pieniężnych, wyznaczono jednostkowy koszt wytworzenia energii zawartej w gazie syntezowym (cost of energy, COE) oraz dokonano interpretacji wyników. Celem uzyskania akceptowalnej efektywności procesu zgazowania paliw odpadowych do produkcji alternatywnego paliwa, gazu procesowego, konieczne jest uzupełnienie mieszanki miał-muł domieszką RDF. W takim przypadku jednostkowy koszt paliwa mierzony wskaźnikiem zł/GJ jest niższy niż w przypadku węgla kamiennego a porównywalny z węglem brunatnym. Wykorzystanie mułów węglowych do produkcji gazu procesowego w sposób efektywny ekonomicznie jest możliwe jedynie w przypadku zmian w systemie regulacji prawnych umożliwiających pobieranie opłat za utylizacje odpadów przemysłowych – mułów węglowych.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Kwaśniewski
Paweł Grzesiak
Radosław Kapłan

Abstrakt

Kopalnia nie może funkcjonować bez systemów monitoringu środowiska oraz podstawowych maszyn i urządzeń górniczych. Eksploatacja urobku w kopalni zależna jest w dużym stopniu od prawidłowo funkcjonujących maszyn i urządzeń górniczych oraz akceptowalnych technicznych warunków środowiskowych występujących w wyrobiskach podziemnych. Systemy monitoringu w kopalni podziemnej to przede wszystkim systemy telemetryczne i gazometryczne. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono typowe struktury systemów gazometrycznych eksploatowanych w polskich kopalniach podziemnych. Obowiązujące przepisy zaliczają te systemy do tzw. systemów bezpieczeństwa zakładu górniczego. Przedstawiono ilościowe zestawienie rodzajów central i ilości linii teletransmisyjnych eksploatowanych w tych systemach. Systemy monitoringu maszyn i urządzeń górniczych są istotnym elementem sprawnego zarządzania kopalnią, gdyż wpływają na bezpieczeństwo pracy i zwiększają czas efektywnego wykorzystania sprzętu. W drugiej części artykułu zestawiono wybrane systemy monitoringu maszyn i urządzeń górniczych, stosowane obecnie w dyspozytorniach zakładowych. Zwrócono uwagę na te systemy monitoringu, które stanowią tylko oprogramowanie narzędziowe, jak również i te, w których dodatkowo wykorzystuje się dedykowane dla tych systemów rozwiązania teleinformatyczne, sprzętowe czy narzędzia pomiarowe. W układzie tabelarycznym zestawiono rodzaje systemów monitoringu, jak i preferowane dla nich układy technologiczne stosowane kopalniach podziemnych.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Antoni Wojaczek
Adam Wojaczek

Abstrakt

Modern technologies have been revolutionizing industries for years, providing competitive advantages to companies. As a technology based on decentralization, Blockchain becomes a tool to support and secure processes and transactions in industries such as mining and power engineering. It also supports supply chain processes, which are particularly important in today's mining business. The use of advanced cryptography methods results in increased cyber security in entities that implement such solutions. The use of Blockchain technology carries a strong message, both to competitors and customers, about intensifying work on authentication and process traceability. This publication focuses on defining the trust gap problem in the mining industry and on examples of the use of technology in data traceability processes. The mining industry is beginning to use technologies which had been previously available only in the theoretical realm. The ongoing development towards a smart industry entails a number of studies and expert assessments, aimed to integrate knowledge from the mining and IT areas. The combination of these research areas leads to an increase in the value of both the companies implementing modern technologies and traditional companies that implement such applications in their value chain. Based on the analyzed articles, two main areas of consideration in the context of the extractive industry were distinguished: systems that track and secure the flow of data in specific mining processes and systems that monitor and secure information on processes which support the raw materials supply chain.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tomasz Leśniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Jacek Kustra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Królikowska
2

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
  2. Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A., Jastrzębie-Zdroje, Poland

Abstrakt

Increasing the share of energy production from renewable sources (RES) plays a key role in the sustainable and more competitive development of the energy sector. Among the renewable energy sources, the greatest increase can be observed in the case of solar and wind power generation. It should be noted that RES are an increasingly important elements of the power systems and that their share in energy production will continue to rise. On the other hand the development of variable generation sources (wind and solar energy) poses a serious challenge for power systems as operators of unconventional power plants are unable to provide information about the forecasted production level and the energy generated in a given period is sometimes higher than the demand for energy in all of the power systems. Therefore, with the development of RES, a considerable amount of the generated energy is wasted. The solution is energy storage, which makes it possible to improve the management of power systems. The objective of this article is to present the concept of electricity storage in the form of the chemical energy of hydrogen (Power to Gas) in order to improve the functioning of the power system in Poland. The expected growth in the installed capacity of wind power plants will result in more periods in which excess energy will be produced. In order to avoid wasting large amounts of energy, the introduction of storage systems is necessary. An analysis of the development of wind power plants demonstrates that the Power to Gas concept can be developed in Poland, as indicated by the estimated installed capacity and the potential amount of energy to be generated. In view of the above, the excess electricity will be available for storage in the form of chemical energy of hydrogen, which

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Aleksandra Komorowska
ORCID: ORCID
Lidia Gawlik
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

The ultrasound (US) imaging market is fast-changing in terms of needs, trends and tendencies as it undergoes rapid innovations. Due to technological improvements, a variety of US probe types is available to cover a wide range of clinical applications. The aim of this paper is to provide information to healthcare professionals to select the appropriate probe for the intended use and the desired performance/price ratio. This work describes the majority of conventional, special and unique US probe types currently available on the market, together with technological insights that are responsible for image quality and a list of some of their clinical applications. The description of the inner transducer technologies allows to understand what contributes to different prices, features, quality level and breadth of applications. The comparison of current US probes and the analysis of advanced performances arising from the latest innovations, may help physicians, biomedical and clinical engineers, sonographers and other stakeholders with purchasing and maintenance commitments, enabling them to select the appropriate probe according to their clinical and economical needs.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ramona De Luca
1
Leonoardo Forzoni
1
Francesca Gelli
1
Jeffrey Bamber
2

  1. Esaote S.p.A. Florence, 50127, Italy
  2. Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom

Abstrakt

Urządzenia sedymentacyjne są powszechnie stosowane w oczyszczaniu zawiesin przemysłowych i w gospodarce komunalnej. Efektywność procesu sedymentacji ma ważne znaczenie w ochronie środowiska. Celem badań było rozpoznanie możliwości zastosowania sieci neuronowych do obliczania efektywności procesu sedymentacji. Jako dane wejściowe do przetwarzania wzięto wyniki obliczeń otrzymanych z symulacji komputerowych prowadzonych według modelu matematycznego uwzględniającego obciążenie powierzchniowe w urządzeniu sedymentacyjnym oraz parametry fizyczne zawiesiny, w tym gęstość rozkładu prawdopodobieństwa wielkości cząstek fazy stałej. Rozważano i porównywano dwa typy funkcji gęstości rozkładu wielkości cząstek fazy stałej zawiesiny: rozkład logarytmiczne-normalny i uogólniony rozkład gamma. Badania zostały przeprowadzone za pomocą sieci typu feed-forward (bez sprzężenia zwrotnego o jednym kierunku przepływu informacji). Wybrano sposób uczenia z nauczycielem metodą wstecznej propagacji błędu (backpropagation) według algorytmu Levenberg-Marquardta. W przypadku, gdy sieci były uczone za pomocą zbiorów zawierających poniżej 400 zestawów danych wówczas popełniane błędy przekraczały wartość I%. Sieci uczone za pomocą zbiorów zawierających około 500 zestawów danych dawały możliwe do zaakceptowania wyniki. Popełniany przez nie błąd był mniejszy niż I%. Na tej podstawie można wnioskować, że najmniejszym uczącym zbiorem danych, jest zbiór zawierający około 500 zestawów. Najlepsze wyniki obliczeń uzyskano, gdy liczba zestawów wynosiła 5 tysięcy - różnice obliczeń efektywności sedymentacji wynosiły poniżej 0.5 %. Dalsze zwiększanie liczby zestawów danych powyżej 5 tysięcy obniżało dokładność obliczeń.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Włodzimierz P. Kowalski
Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk
Tomasz Zacharz

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