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Upper Silesia as a case of international dispute

Guido Hitze
Historie. Jahrbuch des Zentrums für Historische Forschung Berlin der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | 2020 | Folge 13 : Plebiszite, Selbstbestimmung, Minderheitsrechte | 47-63 | DOI: 10.24425/historie.2020.133249
Keywords conflict Upper Silesia international relations referendum uprisings
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Abstract

The question of the state affiliation of Upper Silesia which arose after WWI has been treated and perceived by today’s historians, if at all, as a typical German-Polish border conflict. Really however, it was both a European and an international problem of utmost significance. In it, French hegemonic and safety efforts, accumulated in and collided with Britain‘s classic policy of continental equilibrium. Both, Poland with its territorial claim on Upper Silesia and Germany in its struggle to preserve its territorial integrity, thus were not only players of political, diplomatic and military struggles for the second most important European industrial region, but rather objects of the interests of European great powers. This applied even more to the population which was actually to vote in the referendum on Upper Silesia affiliation. However, in its effort to weaken Germany and simultaneously gain control over the Ruhr, France favoured its ally Poland, to a much greater extent than Britain could in respect of Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

Guido Hitze

Miron Białoszewski’s Pamiętnik z powstania warszawskiego in Italy: some polemical (and political) remarks on translation and critical reception

Luca Bernardini
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2023 | No 2 | 259-272 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2023.146545
Keywords translation Miron Białoszewski (1922–1983) memoir reception Warsaw Uprising
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Abstract

In its first part, the essay deals with some issues related to the Italian translation of Miron Białoszewski’s Pamiętnik z powstania warszawskiego (1970) from a comparative perspective with the American (1977, 2015), French (2002), Spanish (2011), and German (2019) translations. In its second part, the paper reviews the critical reception of the Italian edition (2021) of this classic of twentieth-century Polish literature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Luca Bernardini
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Università degli Studi di Milano

On the 'Anniversal' Charakter of the Historiography of the January Uprising at the Tum of 19th/20th Centuries. Reflections on the Category of "Making Present" of Historic Time

Lidia Michalska-Bracha
Historyka Studia Metodologiczne | 2004 | vol. 34 | 107-121
Keywords January uprising historical anniversaries historic time "making present"
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Abstract

In the article the Author discusses the problem of works devoted to the January Uprising of 1863, prepared by Polish historians for the 50th anniversary of the event. She asks what was the character of the various publications printed on consecutive anniversaries of the uprising, and - more broadly - what were the social functions of these texts. Answering the question. Author claims that these publications had social role going far beyond the traditional, scientific function of a typical historic text
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Authors and Affiliations

Lidia Michalska-Bracha

A Forgotten Polish and American Medallion from 1854 in the Collection of Ludwik Gocel

Jacek Serwański
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne | 2021 | Rok LXV | 239-254 | DOI: 10.24425/wn.2021.138457
Keywords medallion biographical writings Henryk Dmochowski Saunders Charles Mason Ludwik Gocel November Uprising
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Abstract

The essay will focus on a mid-nineteenth century medallion from the vast collection of Polish bibliophile Ludwik Gocel (1889–1966). Made in 1854 in the U.S. capital, Washington, D.C., it depicts a prominent nineteenth century American, Judge Charles Mason (1804–1882), and is a valuable token of the U.S. history. It was designed and completed by Polish distinguished medalist, Henryk Dmochowski (in the U.S. known as Henry Dmochowski Saunders; b. 1810–d. 1863) who can be called a “soldier-artist,” since he participated in three Polish uprisings. Expelled from partitioned Poland, in 1851 he came to America where he was offered the chance to work as a sculptor. This essay’s main aim is to describe the fate of the medallion, apparently almost unknown in both America and Poland, with special emphasis on the role of Ludwik Gocel in its preservation. This rare piece of art has never been included in Polish or American art publications in the field of sculpture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Serwański
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. The Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Farewell to Professor Mieczysław Chorąży

Katarzyna Lisowska Zdzisław Krawczyk
Nauka | 2021 | No 2 | 195-204 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2021.136324
Keywords Mieczysław Chorąży cancer biology molecular epidemiology environmental mutagenesis Warsaw Uprising social activism moral authority
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Abstract

Professor Mieczysław Chorąży, one of the most eminent Polish biomedical scientists, died on February 20, 2021 at the age of 95. He was bid farewell with military honors at the Powązki Military Cemetary in Warsaw. He was buried close to his comrades in arms from the 1944 Warsaw Uprising. Mieczysław Chorąży was born in Janówka, a small village in Podlasie, in 1925. His education was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II which took away his mother, who died of typhus. He then decided to become a doctor. He was a member of the Home Army and fought in the Warsaw Uprising as soldier (nickname “Grom”) of the Baszta Regiment. In 1951 he graduated from the Medical Academy in Warsaw and was ordered to work at the then State Cancer Institute in Gliwice where he remained professionally active until the very end of his life. Following scientific internships at McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research in Madison and Sloan- Kettering Institute for Cancer Research in New York in the early sixties he developed a method for isolating metaphase chromosomes from murine lymphocytic leukemia cells, used in DNA uptake experiments. In the 70s, he studied repeating and unique DNA sequences, DNA transcription mechanisms, activity of RNA polymerases and inhibition of cancer cell replication. Together with Kazimierz Dux, he authored in 1973 the “Introduction to the biology of cancer”, which at the time was the most important work in the field in Polish scientific literature. Mieczysław Chorąży was an outstanding authority in the field of environmental
mutagenesis and molecular epidemiology. The results of his research on DNA and chromosome damage in people from industry-polluted areas aroused wide interest worldwide. His Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis showed aberrations in metaphasal chromosomes caused by air pollution and correlated DNA adduct levels with concentration of polycyclic hydrocarbons in the air, including known carcinogens. Professor Chorąży research team revealed distinctive spectrum of mutations in the p53 suppressor gene among the inhabitants of Upper Silesia and characterized gene polymorphisms that determine individual sensitivity to carcinogens and functioning of DNA repair system. In his late years, Professor Mieczysław Chorąży was passionate about systems biology, research into chaos and early life on Earth. He was the supervisor of 18 doctoral theses, and five of his doctoral students later became professors. In the darker times of Poland’s national past, thanks to his wisdom and foresight, contacts were maintained with eminent researchers abroad allowing many Poles to pursue training in the USA, France, Germany and elsewhere. At the Professor’s initiative young scientists from the countries that emerged after the collapse of the USSR were able to continue their research in Gliwice thanks to scholarship awards granted by EACR and NCI-NIH. Mieczysław Chorąży was appointed professor in 1983. He was a doctor h.c. of medical universities in Katowice and Białystok. Since 1986 he was a full member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Professor was also the member of Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Association for Cancer Research, European Association for Cancer Research, Polish Biochemical Society, Polish Cancer Society (president 1974–1978), member of the scientific councils of Oncology Center in Warsaw, the Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy in Wrocław, the Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences in Poznań and the Center for Polymer and Carbon Materials in Zabrze. In recognition of his scientific achievements and involvement in social and educational activities, insurgent struggle and shaping patriotic attitudes, Professor Mieczysław Chorąży received numerous distinctions and awards, including the Order of the White Eagle (2017), Polish supreme distinction. He was then eulogized as the “…nestor of oncology in Poland, outstanding scientist, founder of the Polish school of cancer biology, Warsaw insurgent, social activist, teacher and moral authority”. Professor received also the Lux ex Silesia award (2018) in recognition to his lasting contribution to the protection of Silesian cultural heritage. Professor Chorąży always opposed imprudent demolition of the reminders of industrial past of Upper Silesia, advocated sustainable development, and protecting green areas. Among various talents, Professor Chorąży was blessed with a gift of painting. Some of his watercolors and sketches embellish today the hall of the National Institute of Oncology in Gliwice. But Mieczysław Chorąży, the true man of virtue, will be perhaps best remembered for his kindness and concern for others, which brought him respect and love. He will be missed by very many people from all walks of life. Honor to His memory!
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Lisowska
1
Zdzisław Krawczyk
2
  1. Centrum Badań Translacyjnych i Biologii Molekularnej Nowotworów, Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, Oddział w Gliwicach
  2. Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, Oddział w Gliwicach

Jakub vs. Jakób Szela: The ghoul’s comeback

Iwona Węgrzyn
Ruch Literacki | 2021 | No 2 (365) | 237-255 | DOI: 10.24425/rl.2021.137308
Keywords Poland in the 19th century Polish peasantry Galicia the Peasant Uprising of 1846 Jakub Szela (1787–1860)
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Abstract

This article is intended as an updated addendum to the history of the reception of Jakub Szela, leader of the peasant uprising in Galicia in 1846, in Franciszek Ziejka’s Złota legenda chłopów polskich [ The Golden Legend of Polish Peasants], published in 1984. It seems that practically all of the accounts of the bloody events of 1846 follow either of two master narratives distinguished by their characteristic patterns of sidetracking and omissions. The two narratives also differ in their contrarian ideological leanings and aesthetic sensitivity. Another important observation concerns the congruence of the narrative written by the gentry and the traditional national history, and a similar congruence of the peasant narrative with the approach of social history.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Węgrzyn
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków

Remembrance of the January Uprising (1863–1864) in the Polish-language press in the United States at the turn of the 20th century

Krzysztof Wasilewski
Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2022 | t. 25 | No 3 | 5-24 | DOI: 10.24425/rhpp.2022.142655
Keywords Poland in the 19th century January Uprising of 1863–1864 Polish-language press in the United States remembrance collective memory national identity
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Abstract

At the turn of the 20th century, the January Uprising of 1863 was one of the focal points of Polish collective memory, shared by the Polish communities abroad. Their press marked the subsequent anniversaries of the Uprising with due solemnity, highlighting its importance for the history of the nation and seeking to engage its readers in a common show of respect. Editors of the Polish-language newspapers in the USA followed the same line, using the commemoration as a means to consolidate the unity of the Polish-American community.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Wasilewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Wydział Humanistyczny, Politechnika Koszalińska, ul. Kwiatkowskiego 6e, PL 75-343 Koszalin

Was Maurycy Mochnacki a messianist? A puzzling declaration of the author of “The Uprising of the Polish Nation in 1830–1831”

Makiko Kihara
Ruch Literacki | 2018 | No 4 (349) | 355-371 | DOI: 10.24425/122711
Keywords 19th-century Polish literature and history Polish Romanticism the November Uprising (1830–1831) Poland’s Great Emigration radical politics Polish messianism discourse analysis Maurycy Mochnacki (1803–1834)
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Abstract

In this article Maurycy Mochnacki’s martyrological and messianic declarations in the Preface to the Uprising of the Polish Nation in 1830–1831 are examined in the context of the martyrological discourse in the literature of the Great Emigration. Such an affirmation may appear puzzling given Mochnacki’s rejection of martyrological interpretations of Poland’s history or messianic readings of his political philosophy, let alone his reputation of being radically opposed to Adam Mickiewicz’s idea of the sacrifi cial victimhood of the Polish nation. In this study the ideological and rhetorical aspects of their statements are compared and analysed. There can be little doubt that in the Preface Mochnacki’s phrasing is steeped in patriotic pathos which seems to be at odds with the tone of his other writings. This article claims that it was a tactical move on his part: he chose the familiar martyrological loci merely as a means to enlist the readers’ support for his own pragmatic programme of restoring Poland’s independence. A general conclusion to be drawn from this apparent inconsistency is that already at that stage (The Uprising was published in Paris in 1834) the logosphere of the Great Emigration had become so dominated by the martyrological discourse that Mochnacki could not afford to ignore it.

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Authors and Affiliations

Makiko Kihara

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