The protagonists of Rachilde's novels often have unwavering will and great strength of character. However, they are not free from the desires they sometimes succumb to. The paper tackles the analysis of will, strength and desire in the novel L’Heure sexuelle (1898), in order to compare them to the theory of creative excellence presented in the novel, and to the concepts based on the philosophy of Nietzsche and Schopenhauer.

The article tackles the problem of weak definite descriptions, i.e., it attempts to explain the mysterious uses of definite descriptions which do not meet Russell’s uniqueness condition. The author discusses theories of weak definite descriptions offered in relevant literature and proposes an original solution to the problem which she presents in terms of modern type‑theoretical semantics.

According to Gianni Vattimo, the secularization process can be seen as analogous to the “death of God” in the Western world. The “weak theology” that results from that view will be used in the article as a starting point for the study of three 19th century authors, lay and religious at the same time, Pierre Leroux, Edgar Quinet and Ernest Renan, who reflect on the meaning of religion in the modern world, as well as on its relation with the democratic State.

In longwall coal exploitation, problems with the proper functioning of the powered shield support often occur. In many cases, it results from the insufficient load-bearing capacity of the ground (floor) and the inability to achieve the set or yield pressure of the shield support. The improper functioning of the shield support may also result from its construction and the lack of optimisation to work effectively on a weak mine floor. This paper presents an attempt to optimise the operating conditions of the base of two-legged shield support based on the field observations and results of the PFC3D numerical calculation. In the framework of the numerical calculations, the impact of the width of the base and the location of the hydraulic legs on the working conditions of shield support on a weak floor were analysed.

Akratic actions are usually defined as intentional actions which conflict with the agent’s best judgement. As both irrational and conscious, actions of that type stand in need of an explanation. In this paper I reconstruct and criticize Donald Davidson’s classical standpoint on the problem of akrasia. I show the disadvantages of Davidsonian conception of practical reasoning and I defend the conception of syllogistic reasoning. I also criticize the theory of intention as unconditional normative judgement. Against Davidson’s view, I argue for the theory of intention as an act of will (not a judgement). According to this theory of intention and practical reasoning, akratic actions should be explained as actions caused by an act of will which conflicts with the best judgement. I propose to interpret the inclination of will to conflict or to follow the best judgement by the theory of habitus.

W niniejszym artykule, po krótkiej (dziesięciopunktowej) charakterystyce klasycznej koncepcji prawdy, wskazuję na jej naukową doniosłość i wszechstronną użyteczność, w tym m.in. na możliwość aplikacji w niektórych środowiskach wirtualnych, np. w odniesieniu do obiektów wirtualnych typu A i typu C. W artykule podkreślam również, iż — niezależnie od wyobrażeń promotorów i fundatorów „epoki postprawdy” (np. woli polityków, propagandystów czy autorów rozmaitych teorii spiskowych) — klasycznie pojęta prawda jest zasadniczo nieusuwalna z dyskursu społecznego, w tym także z filozoficznego i naukowego.