@ARTICLE{Ismail_Seham_Mansour_Enhancing_2024,
 author={Ismail, Seham Mansour},
 volume={vol. 64},
 number={No 2},
 journal={Journal of Plant Protection Research},
 pages={87-91},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={Committee of Plant Protection PAS},
 publisher={Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute},
 abstract={Although pyrethroids are increasingly being used to control a number of agricultural insect pests, especially the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), pyrethroid resistance is a major obstacle limiting effective control. With the aim of maintaining the effectiveness of pyrethroids in managing pests, a study was undertaken to evaluated the effectiveness of oxidase and esterase inhibitors for synergizing pyrethroids in S. littoralis larvae. Compared with the insecticide-susceptible strain (L-SS) of S. littoralis, the resistance ratio (RR) in the field population (F-RS) was 271.43–fold to cypermethrin. The use of profenofos as an esterase inhibitor significantly increased larval susceptibility to cypermethrin in the F-RS strain, with a synergy ratio (SR) of up to 192.57–fold. Significant inhibition of esterase by profenofos in the F-RS strain was found in vivo. Also, piperonyl butoxide (PB) as an oxidase inhibitor had slight effect of cypermethrin toxicity, so its addition is not a solution for pyrethroid resistance. Thus, modifying the toxicity of cypermethrin by mixing it with organophosphorus compounds (OPs) increased its toxicity and decreased the population of S. littoralis, which is a successful strategy for managing pyrethroid resistance.},
 type={Article},
 title={Enhancing toxicity of pyrethroids by oxidase and esterase inhibitors in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae},
 URL={http://czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/131448/PDF-MASTER/OA_10_JPPR_64_2_1664_Ismail.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/jppr.2024.149162},
 keywords={pyrethroid resistance, resistance management, synergism},
}