@ARTICLE{Nykiel_Jerzy_The_2006,
 author={Nykiel, Jerzy},
 volume={vol. 27},
 journal={LINGUISTICA SILESIANA},
 pages={45-56},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2006},
 publisher={Polska Akademia Nauk • Oddział w Katowicach},
 abstract={Force dynamics comes to the fore as our major ally in distilling to the bare essentials the areas of modal meanings where, invariably, entities' actions and judgements are encroached upon by force oppositions. The theory casts two participants, who are embedded in a given modal context, into the roles of Agonist and Antagonist, the former being equated with a central participant propeled by an unsatiable drive to display its force inclinations, the latter's contribution resting chiefly on contradicting these inclinations. Thus, with a bumper crop of force dynamics and the concomitant formulae thereof in hand, the author seeks to check how, if at all, the theory spills over and resonates in the usage of Old English pre-modal verbs. Nothing less than thorough delineation of the force dynamic patterns in Old English is presented and a force-dynamics-inspired survey of the modal meanings of pre-rnodals ensues.},
 type={Article},
 title={The force dynamics of Old English pre-modal verbs},
 URL={http://czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/131604/PDF-MASTER/6_LINGUISTICA_27_Nykiel_THE_FORCE.pdf},
}